and unique from these close relatives, leander thaws were living in europe over a half a 1000000 years ago. we, homo sapiens, came out of africa about 75000 years ago. we mixed with neanderthals in the middle east. we now know that we, homo sapiens, carry about one to 2 per cent of dna from neanderthals. we know that from his work, not content with bringing neanderthals into the present pair. bo also discovered another even older race that denise ovens, thanks to dna from 840000 year old bone found in a cave in siberia, verbose discovery of the denice. evans then led to evidence that they had mixed with the under towels pair. boat was then able to show that there's a little bit of denise of an in all of us as well. far to pebble who seems to be the beneficiary of good jeans himself. his father sooner bergstrom won a nobel prize in madison in 1982. the fact what this swedish scientist passes on to the next generation was a better understanding of the generations. became

a very long time before paul reese out is era, stockholm? ah, this is al jazeera and these are the top stories now ukrainian forces have advanced into russian occupied territory in the south, raising a flag and a newly retaken village in the her song region. the gains by keith could threaten supply lines for thousands of russian troops. schunover those of her not to day, the offensive movement of our army, and defenders continued. yet there are new liberated settlements and several regions. blue, fierce fighting continues in many areas on the frontline, but more and more occupiers trying to escape what the enemy army is suffering more and more losses. and there is a growing understanding that russia made a mistake by starting the war against you. crazy, busy rushes, lower house of parliament has approve the moscow's that claimed annexation of all regions in ukraine. it follows what ukraine and its allies have described as sham

referendums in the russian controlled areas. just over a week ago, north korea appears to fight a ballistic miss oliver northern japan, japanese government warned citizens to take cover and was forced to suspend some train operations in its northern regions. in the sol isn't launched off north korea as east coast and fell into the pacific ocean. it sprung young's 5th rounds of weapons testing in the last 10 days. around supreme leader has blamed the us and israel for anti government protests, sweeping the country. which of the dozens of people dead and his 1st public comments on the unrest, ayatollah. how many said rights have been engineered by ron's enemies. vincent, asian police chief and several top officers have been sacked of the saturdays stadium stampede. in a city of milan, at least $125.00 people were killed in the disaster, including $32.00 children. the british pound is recovered some of its value against

the dollar off the u. k. government was forced into a dramatic new turn chance that was the court hang. abandon tends to reduce attacks paid by the highest honors and an investigation to the us. national women's soccer league has found that emotional abuse inspection is conduct systemic in the sport. he was launched off, the 2 players came forward with other geishas that harrison's in section question. there's the headlines. the news continues here and i'll just hear that after inside story. ah, what is the japanese prime minister's military strategy? julio casita says that his government will create a new national security strategy,

and he is pledged more spending on defense capabilities. but what's his intention? and will it work? this is inside story. ah hello, welcome to the program. i'm adrian finnegan. japan is scrambling to boost its military strengths to counter what took care sees as rising threats from china in his national address on monday, prime minister for mucous shita emphasized his goal to bolster the military over the next 5 years. but with the weekend, he struggling to find the finances to do it. his predecessor, sions, obey focused heavily on shoring up reserves. but shita has low approval ratings of needs to regain the trust of the public to fulfill his governments key policies.

unique boy, if you look in an integrated and strong manner, we will consider the content of high defense capabilities, which will be necessary for the drastic functioning of our defense capabilities within 5 years. as well as grasp the faith of the budget and secure financial resources for that purpose, we will draw conclusions during the budgeting process. by the end of this year, we will formulate a new national security strategy, which we have been discussing. along with china, the threat from nearby north korea remains a talk concern for japan. for the 1st time pyongyang launched for rockets in one week. something japan's vice defense minister says is unacceptable. does your favor, god, does he hate bigger since the beginning of this year? north korea has repeatedly launched missiles with unprecedented frequency and new new ways, including provocation escalating launches, such as launching ballistic missiles 4 times in quick successions. in the past week alone, north korea's actions threatened the peace and safety. not only for japan,

but also the region. and the international community and are absolutely impermissible. what was pounds goal of military expansion as both expensive and controversial. the defense ministry requested more than $43000000000.00 for the 2023 fiscal year. that's the highest budget request in history, and more than one percent of the countries g d p. the plan also includes introducing preemptive strike capabilities and plans to further promote nuclear energy critic say this could violate the countries pacifist constitution and raises safety concerns stemming from the 2011 fukushima nuclear disaster. japan doesn't plan on growing, it's military alone. is she the city hopes to maintain dialogue with china while working with the u. s. and other allies to promote indo pacific security? ah, why there is much to discuss with our guests for today's program. let's bring them

in from she's ok. so general tucker, she's a professor at the university of she's worker in tokyo. we've got craig, mark, a professor at the faculty of international studies akira. so women's university gentlemen, welcome to the program. i'm sierra, let's start with you. just how controversial are japan's military spending plans for the next year? okay, we've heard a lot about this. $43000000000.00 figure the highest ever just over one percent of g d p. but. but hang on previous administrations have tended to keep defense spending around the one percent g d p. mark. what's, what's so remarkable that about this budget? well, you know, one percent had been what one would call the defense line for many people acceptance line. and this was thought to be aligned that shouldn't be crossed out. but, you know, with this very strong aggression that we're getting from china, ah, and also from north korea, is reporting, which in my opinion is richie china,

as there were increased big data is actually, you know, china and seeing what's happening in europe as well. i think it's very, very clear on, along with the fact that during the days of trump, ah, you know, there's been a lot of, i should say, awareness about, you know, increasing as defense spending. so i wouldn't be surprised if it goes well easily beyond one percent are certainly targeting the 2 percent line, which is the request of the previous present by the united states. craig, do you agree with that? will japan's defense spending increase to around 2 percent of g d. p in the coming his why does the prime minister and his party think it's so important for them to do so? well, as has been said, very much aware of the potential instability in the region with the rising power of china. the potential threat from north korea. and of course,

the divisions with russia since the cry war. and there's been discussions within the liberal democratic party within the various policy committees of raising it to 2 percent, possibly by the end of the decade. so this incremental increase in defense spending, which has been happening every year since the administration returned to power in 2012. that trained just is going to keep on accelerating. and japan does reach 2 percent of gd paid. that'll make it the 3rd largest military spend in the world after the us in china. currently it's rated about it's spinning around $50000000000.00 us per year. so that will be a radical departure. and also, as mentioned in the intro, the capabilities of the defense forces ago to change the counter strike

capability, extending the range of missiles. so they could potentially be used to as the defense forces, side deter, attacks on japan of over a 1000 kilometer ranges. the re restructured the self defense forces to have more deployments in the south in these islands of south of them. ok now of which confronts the same taco islands, claimed by china as the di wilds, and increasing a whole range of capabilities in cyber warfare by slight systems. all these very radical changes which i got to come about through the rest of this, said jerry, the picking up from what cray was saying that it is perhaps understandable that japan would need a stronger terence. but why would it lead counter strike capabilities? and at is that not at odds with the countries pacifist constitution more,

the meaning of the pacifist constitution has been altered as you know. and now we are at a point where we can and will defend, for example, our allied forces. so that has been rectified. and also i think many people are starting to realize that, you know, by keeping the 9th amendment in which is our peace keeping bible. ah, that doesn't mean that you know, all foreign or. ringback forces will be sting out. on the contrary, it's totally the other way around is you saw very recently in action by north korea . the more you left leave them alone, you know, the more they want to be appearing on the stage. now they've been throwing over 28 missiles, i think last year, end of this year, already a very record breaking number basically to attract attention and also having china

as their backbone. they do not have to worry about sanctions because we talk about sanctions, north korea, but you know, the fact of the matter is 90 percent of the trade is done with china. so, you know, the sanction by other countries aren't really going to hurt in an or korea and having this big world again, many between united states and china and japan clearly siding with the united states, especially during the days of you know, mr. army ah, it's very, very clear that in law, north koreans are virtually, you know, able to be the bad boy of the region affects the backup of china. so, you know, these issues are starting to gradually thinking to many of the japanese. and i think for that reason, and they'll be very clear back up that said course it is under the assumption that economic situation will be stable. and that is a big question yet, which we're going to come on to the, the economic situation in it. but a little while since you're the 1st craig of japan as new defense minister settle

monday, the international community is quote, entering a new era of crisis. and that japan needed to be adequately ready to counter this. i mean, what, what did he mean? who or what does japan see as the main threats to its security right now? well, as been mentioned, north korea is obviously a direct threat would it's miss all testing. and the even room is going around in the south terrain media that maybe they might conduct a underground nuclear test and the next couple of weeks. and that would definitely focus the attention on the potential threat of north korea. but of course, china is the main hedge, a monic challenger. and of course, just very recently in august we had the taiwan straits crisis where the response to the visit by how speaking nancy pelosi, the chinese military was the largest scale military exercises around the world of

taiwan. and it is a space in china itself, tested listing miss all some of which landed in the economic exclusion. joan of japan near the scene capital islands. so that is the biggest long term threat which japan is considering as well as russia in the white of the ukraine was the prime minister. kesha has strongly condemned russians, illegal invasion. and japan is actually given the 1000000000 dollars in age and funding financial support as well. as non wasteful military equipment, he cried. so those are the main threats which are being used to justify this radical restructure of the self defense forces. and this huge increase long term into the budget and that will require greater cooperation with japan,

security partners. and of course, includes the united states, which still has the largest basing of troops and military forces outside of the united states in the bases that it has throughout japan, mostly in canada. but so very interestingly, japan is increasing security cooperation with other countries, australia, in particular, the beginning of this year, the reciprocal access agreement was assigned. and that means it's traveling forces . japanese forces will operate much more closely together. and just the last weekend, there was a meeting of the trilateral security strategic dollar defense ministers in hawaii. and they both are committed to a shade strategy in the pacific region. much more close the trilateral military exercises. and even in the philippines, self defense forces of the joins the south korea, philippine and american forces. and also very importantly, south korea. there was

a trilateral exercise between the united states, south korea, and the japanese maritime self defense forces. so all these things are concurrently happening to increase these trains of greater japanese activity bought the self defense forces. all right, so gera, i've a feeling, i know the answer. having listened to what grade was just saying that about china's increasing assertiveness and the threat from north korea and everything else that he was saying. there's no doubt in your mind than that. japan is not using what it perceives as a regional and global threat as the current regional and global threats as an excuse just an excuse to bolster its military capabilities. it is actually pursuing a perfectly reasonable set of defense policies, given the deteriorating security environment in the, in the pacific region. it's basically a geopolitical matter. and i think japan is excessively neutral in many sense,

partly because the domestic, you know, policy accessing concern. but you know, i think it's very, very clear now that especially as craig was mentioning the forming of quad and also use japan bilateral agreements. and also with south korea, it's very, very clear that you know, japan will be citing by a, the united states in the free world. if you look at the trade side, that's also very, very clear. in fact, they're very closely correlated, especially with the supply chain. the global supply chain problem that we're all facing right now, which is, in fact, a very big reason for this, you know, inflation that real facing. we basically have to go for security rather than just the effectiveness. and that is causing a very big cost. partly, we have to truncate china for many of our supply chain. we're moving from, you know, just in time, jackie into g i. c, which is just in case as we saw. and that would be needed during, you know,

especially days of pandemic. and the success of inclination or relies to china is a very dangerous thing. ah, so many countries have basically clarified, japan included, you know, which side they should stick on. ah, and japan certainly is one of them. and, you know, the military issue in japan has very close correlation with geopolitical issue and of course, economic issues in vol. craig, we talked about japan's pacifist constitution that the, the defense agreement with, with australia or among other neighbors. i mean what, what does this all mean? for japan's relations with it's the regional neighbors. i mean, i'd also it, it's, it's overseas, unlike the u. s. in particular, can japan no longer rely on the us to defend it? well, the experience of the trump administration was

a big shock for allies like japan and australia. so, and does this have to be a part of the background thinking of why japan is increasing its own self defense forces and why it's reaching out to other partners like las dryly but also india in the quad. although this concerns about india still remaining fairly close to russia, but especially in se, asia, there's been a big push by japan to increase its foreign aid into the as the and countries and in investments. particularly with countries like indonesia, but also increasing security cooperation with the philippines. we get non the coast guard, the japanese coast guard in particular, does lots of training in the supply vessels and shipping to vietnam in the philippines. but also with other countries in the region. and that it has been

a big focus on japan to try and balance against what's seen as the rising competition of china. but of course, charter is the largest trading partner still of japan. and japan has been concerned about the ongoing locked downs in this slowing of the chinese economy. and so in his space, today's promised the case you did say that japan does wants to maintain stable relations of china. the 50th anniversary of the restoration of diplomatic relations between japan and people's republic of china and one. the hope that japan has is that the chinese tourists will was that was the big focus of promised acacia is space today. this month the coded restrictions that have been put in place will

be abolished. and they are hoping to restore numbers of tourism 2 to 4 pre kinds of levels very quickly. and the chinese market is very important for that. so that's going to be a big concern for kesha that can he keep a stable relationship with china? and can he use that relationship to help rebuild the economy? as jeris, craig was saying the speech was known about defense on monday. what did you make of of the speech? perhaps more importantly, what will the public have made of it? he said that his number one priority was to revitalize the economy and you and i've been talking on television for a very long time about about the japanese economy. how many prime ministers before him have said that? can it be done or his policies, the right ones to do it? well, it be pretty difficult on the reason for it being is that he does have what we call the golden 3 years. in other words, he doesn't have any obstacles such as the elections for next 3 or so he could

basically touch on structural transition the show. but i am not sure if he can actually do that. of course, you know, he can talk about, as craig was saying about trying to increase the inbound tourism maybe increase 5 turning in or so. but right now we have a very big headache right in front of us, which is inflation or fear are still compared to us, which is above 8 percent. you're more than that. japan is only 2 percent. so you can see that it really isn't here yet. and the reason for this is in japan is cost push inflation, not like demand pul inflation like in the united states. so it doesn't seem serious but considering the weakness yet, this will hurt the japanese economy big time. until now we can again, was a good news for japanese big export or so a flourish in all the system as a whole. and that was one big success by mister ave, on his 1st arrow. but considering the fact that you know this excessive move in

this quick acceleration, the yen is acceleration of the dollar. i'm sorry, weaken the yen, is going to hurt. you know, our japan in various ways. ah, it could hinder many of the plans that he was talking about today, which is particularly economics and also into some of the political geo domestic political issues. i can of cation church issue. but on the fact of the matter is, is that many people tend to think that you know, all, we can go on forever as we may have all the funds because we have the big daddy, gold banker, japan. but you know, let's face that package man has been buying back our j t. b japan government bond over a 170 trillion yen in the past 2 years and their current kind of swell to almost 600 trillion yet. now as we see one percent increase in our interest rate in order to fight off this week in the year, you know, their payoff is going to be well over 5 trillion that wipes out. you know, his stories about an inbound benefit that's going to come out. and moreover,

the net worth of bank pad is only tension indian. so i have been saying and i will say it again. baggage bad. do not have the deep pocket. like many people think. so this is a very important part of our economic plans going forward as the baggage passed, ability isn't as stable as many people want it to be. so there are lots of problem ahead for mr. shita. and to basically, you know, conduct his, his, his, in how many as why he hasn't got to do concrete measures. you know, there will be a lot of obstacles, i think ahead for him, especially during this term. all we're seeing externally. craig was monday speech enough to restore public faith in the prime minister's government. there was a pole in the asahi newspaper on monday that showed disapproval for kiddos administration was as high as 50 percent of his government recover from something

like that. what's done more damage to the prime minister inflation of the week in the state of the economy that but the sincere was talking about then or his parties links to the unification church. the controversy of a sions obeys funeral. i think the unification church revelations in the white gibsons are by disaster nation. and the funeral itself has seen the big drop in the critical writing for promised the case of the government. people already a bit concerned about inflation even before the july election, which saw the ruling party fairly comfortably returned. but the revelations of the unification church links to at least half of the diet members in the l. d. p . that has been a huge shock and it has really reverberated throughout the, the media and political environment of japan. so,

and that's why mr. kesha that today, he didn't mention it was that he just said he was aware of the problems that had occurred. and he was made some mention of maybe tinkering with consumer protection laws to try and cock with to make sure that people get ripped off by unification, church and fugette. and he will be hoping that with least number 3 years to go before the next law house election that will blow box the opposition parties relatively weak is they will still keep pushing on this issue. and that is probably get a dog, mr. case for quite some period of time to come, and potentially the approval ratings remain low and the of the economic challenges don't come about. given all the structural challenges, then mr. king should have could find himself confronted by rivals even before water

. the next election? 2025. yes sir. i've got about a minute left on the on the program. do you just want to want to want to pick on that? i mean, i know you said he's got this, this, this 3 years, but i can, he taught his, his government's fortunes around that time. well i think a lot of the bull is in the corporate sides in all for example use talking about changing live long employment security system to meritocracy, which i think is a very destructive transition. japan needs and basically will increase the wage overall. but you know, the question is, can the japanese government will propel the corporations, do that? i me in days of mr. avi, is the corporation that really didn't make the move. so in a risk thinking, capability and ability by japanese corporation will be ask or not only the government, i think would be tweeting about the government far too much. we should realized that the ball is definitely in the court of the corporations. especially this time around gentlemen that we must hand it many thanks. indeed for being with us agenda

took a sheet up and craig mock. thank you for watching. don't forget, you can see the program again at any time just by going to the website at al jazeera dot com for further discussion, join us at our facebook page. you'll find that at facebook dot com forward slash ha inside story. and you can join the conversation on twitter. i'll handle at ha, inside story from me, adrian finnegan on the whole team here. thanks for being with us. we'll see again my phone. ah ah, a combining us and technology to challenge soviet era methodologies

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