ah, me can respect me as the only scoring education gulls and forging global partnerships all aiming to ensure football is more than just a game. alixia brian out his ear doha. right, so other news now and nasa's are to miss spacecraft has reached the moon's orbit. the ryan capture swept a 130 kilometers above the moon on approach. and when our continue a larger all bit for 3 weeks, the spacecraft flew over the landing sights of apollo 1112 and 14 as it made the initial approach. as it's a test flight or no astronauts on board. all right, don't forget, you can find much more in all of our stories including that's a moon mission. and of course the world cup as well and away in cats are the address for our website. of course w, w, w dot al jazeera dot com, make sure you check out that ah,

top stories on al jazeera, at least a 162 people have been killed after a magnitude 5.6. earthquakes struck indonesia, the governor of west chaff, a province as more than 320 people were injured with homes and buildings collapsed . emergency field hospitals have been set up to treat the injured official say. many of the dead of children. turkey, as president said, he's considering launching a ground military operation in northern syria. it comes after several rockets struck the district of cock army in southern turkey near the syrian border. 3 people were killed including a child. no one has claimed responsibility, but incur blames the kurdish y p g fighters. east african leaders will attend piece talks on thursday to try and find a solution to the ongoing violence carried out by the m 23 arm group of the democratic republic of the congo, who wander has denied allegations that supports the m 23. malcolm web has more from

the frontline incapacity diplomatic efforts. haven't worked so far. congress government forces have still been fighting the m 23 armed group. one of the front lines is just a bit further down this road. and $33.00 is widely understood to be backed by neighboring rwanda, which is just a couple of kilometers over here. rwandan soldiers have been photographed with them $23.00 in the areas. it controls while they were one to denies it. uganda has also been accused of barking the group. it also denies the allegations a top south african course as medical parole granted to former president jacob zima was unlawful, irrational. it unconstitutional. but the supreme court of appeal is yet to rule whether he'll return to prison. lossy asthma was sentenced to 15 moments for refusing to testify before a corruption inquiry who was released on parole after just 2 months. 2 buses that had been set on fire during a taxi strike in cape town. drive is a protesting the termination of an incentive scheme that was designed to encourage

them to drive safely and avoid illegal operations. boss operators say their bosses are running with a police escort a malaysia's long time opposition leda. and while abraham says he's optimistic about a leading coalition government anwar matt weird leaders of the incumbent, barissi and national coalition to discuss a potential alliance on monday, you're up to date, the stream is coming up next year when i was just there. ah ah i anthony ok, welcome to the stream. the last time man went to the name was in 1972 and it looks

like we're about to do it again. why is one question? we have an extra panel of guess he will tell you why. what it means, how much it might cost. i know you've got a 10 low price. yes. please do share them with us as we look at. is it type of mankind to go back to the me? ah, had i rick had i robin ha joey's sake? it's have you on the show today. i said you were experts and i want you to prove how expert you are. so rick say, hello to an audience around the world. tell them who you are and what you do. sure . hello everyone i'm rekindling. i'm a nasa flight director and i am involved in the real time execution of the artemus more mission from houston, texas. it's a, had a rubbing welcome to the stream. introduce yourself to audience around the world. tell them your connection to the made. sure, i look at the moon every day. my name is robin's d. mangum. i'm

a space flight journalist covering the artemus program for the last 8 years. and i'm just a general fan of the moon in the solar system. i love that you on the show. hello joe. a welcome to the sting. tell everybody who you are, what you think your connection to them? name please. hey, yeah, thanks for having me. excited speaker. i'm joey roulette. i'm out of space reporter for reuters covering nasa talking to experts like rick. very good. i want to take you gent spot to last wednesday when this happened. rick, take a look. i want to hear how it felt to be right. that for stage engine star, 321 boosters in, lift off of order. this one. we rise together not to the moon and beyond. mm

i go, is it like oh it was. it was tremendous. it was i had the 2nd best seat in the house. obviously the best people house would have been from the coast of florida to watch it live. but the 2nd best seat was certainly in mission control. there was a buzz in the air and the team was just couldn't be more happy to finally get this mission off the ground. and i have to say it's been going beyond anyone's expectations. we had a tremendously important day this morning. we made our closest pass by the moon at an altitude about a 130 kilometers, and we are setting up to get into orbit around the moon here and we'll get into that orbit on friday. we're just going to show because i was watching this morning, the close pos pos to me and it happened very slowly. so i was watching them, walked away, then came back and then i could see more movement happening. can you explain to our audience what we're seeing right now? what happened earlier today?

so i can't, i don't see the video that you're showing, but what happened earlier today is ryan slowed down as it approached the moon. and we executed a firing of our main engine to it was the 1st of 2 engine firings that are going to put it into an orbit around the moon. the orbit is about 70000 kilometers above the surface and we did this. we did this firing of the engine without communication with the spacecraft, so it was incumbent on the the team to flight controllers on the ground to get the around the vehicle configure. and we set it up and put everything on a timer. and on the backside of the moon, when we can, we can have a lighter safe to the vehicle of the the ryan executed that burn and it was wallace and we are, we couldn't be here. so robin, i can hear from rick's voice that he's having a really good time at work right now. like those bad time. he's loving

every moment you can hear the excitement in his life. so going to be a lot of people in the world saying, why are we doing this again, didn't we do this in the seventy's in the space in and me says, why not? i think that we're civilization that has the capabilities and the brain power to do so. and i think that we might have paused a little bit on our deep space emissions. i think after 972, we tried to build a little bit of an economy and a infrastructure and orbit with the space shuttle in the space station. i think that's been very successful. the space station has helped us learn about living in deep space. we had our urine space experiment. we grow veggies on the space station . we see what international cooperation is like in, in space aboard the base station. that's something that's really important when we're thinking about living on the moon and we're going to have chinese neighbors, russian neighbors, italian neighbors,

french neighbors. i think that the space station was a, was a diversion from our deep space efforts. but it was a really important one, and i think that now that we've, you know, i think we feel accomplished on the space station. i think it's nasa. i think it's time for nasa to move forward with getting humans back on the moon permanently. and then, you know, going further to mars, which i think is what is every on everyone's mind, especially in the space industry. i'm just thinking the last time that there was a lunar program was in the 970. so that was apollo. now we've got to optimise joey . what is the difference between apollo, an ultimate yeah. well i think robin made a great point is that, you know, we did focus a lot on lower orbit for awhile and we learned a lot from that. and yeah, a lot of people have asked, why are we going back to the moon now so long after apollo. and i think what separates the 2 is that, you know, that's a really wants with arguments to,

to turn this kind of program into something that sustainable and use the moon has kind of a launching pad to future missions, to mars. and it's different from the pilot program because that program is mainly kind of spurred by geopolitical competition and proving what the u. s. can do in space. and we put boots on the moon a number of times and we, we just, we didn't go back after that. but you know, the difference here is that, you know, nasa has had the space station and lower the orbit. they're trying to hand that over to private companies in the next decade. and they're going to put what they hope to be, you know, kind of like it's just kind of extending the reach in space. it's another step forward. yeah, i think the national se station was tremendous as it relates to learning how to cooperate with multiple nations in lower orbit. and i am really hopeful that as we move out to the moon and beyond, we're going to continue those collaborations and really show what the multi

nation efforts can accomplish when we work together as opposed to as competitors. i really like the idea of cooperation. part of it because i, i can't remember in 1970, it was more like a space raises, who could get that? what are they doing when they get that? but now it's a whole load of not just governments, but also private companies as well. if you were going to tell us the main player, some of them we know we know about virgin galactic, we know about a month. well, so we know how are they contribution? just a those are the, the one of the important ones we need to mention within this blue origin. yeah. yeah. with blue origin. i think that the space races as it stands right now is between the public sector and the private sector. and i think that we are starting

to see cooperation. i think artemus is a great example. space x is the developing a d space vehicle starship nasa has been developing as the last they're going to work in concert to bring humans to the moon. i think that really is a big case study for what will happen in deep space. i think we'll have private entities building technology and it will have government entities like nasa paying them for their services. and i think that's one of the most important aspects of artemus and the relationship between the public and private sector. and, you know, speaking of the leaders space acts, i think that's going to trickle down to other companies. i think rocket lab has solar panels on artemus and that shows you that every company can have an input and it could be a great relationship and one that makes it economically sustainable for the taxpayer. so i, yeah, i think i just want to say i can case study is like the right way to put it. and, you know, nasa is learning a lot about how it works with these private companies,

their agency leaning a lot on their expertise. and in turn, they're relying a lot of math is funds to, to get there. and it's just kind of a new partnership model that they've proved successfully and the commercial crew program where space x and boeing build capsules to go to and from the ss. but, you know, there's a lot to be seen on how lunar operations are, is going to work and, you know, not the did have a good kind of trial run and good experiences on i assess with international partnerships with other countries. but there's a lot of new questions that are gonna have to confront, going on to, you know, international cooperation laws and how companies are going to be, have on the moon. and you know, it's going to be really interesting to see how so much to talk about f l f. a ryan is is the not the rocket. so that belongs to nasa. optimist if the mission. so if you remember like the apollo missions i want to play to play 3, we can have optimist one elements to office 3. so that's the mission,

not the actual space hard way. earlier, bob cabana was talking about cooperation. he was quite excited about the, it's not china against russia, russia against the u. s. o. private companies versus not the it's everybody working together. this is what bob said about a week. it is a truly cooperative efforts and much of what the, the private money that's going into space. you know, it's enabling what nasa does. we are utilizing that we want to establish a commercial economy and lower the orbit so that we can focus on that hard job of exploring the honor home planet. i'm just looking right at the latter team at look at this diversity. i mean, in the 17th it was a later blokes and now looked at all the people who came to either live on the moon or be part of the ultimate mission. this is, this is amazing,

isn't that. and that's just the team of nasa astronaut. we have agreements set up with the canadian space agency with the european space agency and with the japanese exploration agency as well. so it's not going to be just nasa astronaut, participating in these artist crude landing mission. we're going to have international astronauts involved in all of the missions in the future. i we're going to have private astronauts to i really yes. i think that one that's space x can prove that vehicle can go to the moon and back. they will start selling tickets . they've already sold. they've already sold the ticket to to customers for starship lunar orbit missions. and i think that as soon as they, when that starship on the moon and bring it back home, i think you're going to start bringing back. i spinning that up. i think they're going to spin up with those kinds of operations. i think it's a natural step space. x is always said that they want to put humans on mars. i'm

just thinking there is a privilege, assistance playing this like play space men and women. yeah, i don't wanna say it's frivolous, but it's definitely no easy task, right. i mean, basically had announced that they've signed these customers while the customers emissions on starship, but they have to get started to orbit 1st. they have to do a bunch of different missions to prove the hardware and they have to demonstrate that hardware under nasa standards, which is a lot a lot of steps in the process. you know, i, i don't doubt that they're going to one day get to be able to send private citizen the moon. but you know, it's, this is going to be a tough task, really technologically, etc. rick, does it make you roll your eyes when you, when people have got out of money, i want to go to the moon and they've got no qualifications live with them. other than the fact that they just have a lot of money. there are there's in the opportunities for everybody. i think

there's, there's a, an argument to be made for having someone who has a, a background in the arts to help describe what they're seeing when we went to the moon in an aloe use. the nasa astronaut and giving an opportunity for someone who has a background in writing or in, in the visual arts to be able to convey what they're seeing and real time and sharing it with the rest of the world. i think there's, there's a lot of good, good discoveries and some, some shared experiences that we can, we can all benefit from. with that, i want to just talk about the legal aspects of this because who owns the meeting, who allows us to explore as, as scientists, to be on the meeting. one of the legal ramifications of that. earlier we spoke to e, v. i need, he brought up a couple of challenges that i'd like you to festival joey if you could address. it's hard for listen to easy. one of the major ethical challenges we have regarding

humanities, exploration of space is the need to protect the environment. that means not contributing to the ever increasing amount of debris or space junk and protecting the landscape that we encounter on other planets. in terms of how we regulate this, we have the ad space treaty teaching us to share space resources. and also the inter agency space to bring coordination committee, which deals with remediation and mitigation of orbital debris. but we do need more enforceable tools to help everyone work together to be better staff citizens jelly . yeah, but it's a really important issue. space debris getting worse and worse for the day. and it requires a lot of international cooperation. and there's a working group at the united nations where countries including china and us, are pitching ideas on how to solve this. so there is some progress happening there . but when we get to the moon, there's a lot of other question,

not that has the legal regime called the optimist chords. it's not, you know, treaty and in fact it's, it's a sport the set of standards for how companies and countries are supposed to behave on the mirror. and because like we have cultural heritage sites on the moon and we have an important assets, what is going to prevent a country from coming by wading the rocket on that so to speak, which, you know, i'm not saying what happened but you know, it could and there's really no real law that would say like, you cannot do this or this is why you know, that's bad. so nasa right now is trying to come up with all these different mechanisms to get other countries on board with faith in sustainable behavior on the lunar surface. they are really cynical because we have a court on us and, and certain countries decide that we're not going to sign up for that, of course, including the states depending on whether it will doesn't suit them. so optimistic on it looks good. it looks really savvy, but what difference is i make?

i yeah, that's a good point because, i mean, if you look at the space powers, us russia and china, that the u. s. s. court, it alive its own allies to sign on to the art accords. but china and russia are not going to start or the support yet. or, you know, if they will, but maybe, right. i mean, there are people who have a lot of doubts in china had wanted to take a more united nation. so instead of multilateral words approach. but so i don't really know how exactly it's going to work out. but the fact is, is that nasa does need to coordinate with china if both of those countries are going to the moon. there's a lot of, you know, really attractive destinations on the south pole. and there are a lot of people who are saying, you know, nasa needs to start talking to turn it in a more collaborative way because they're barred, largely barred from doing so because of the 2011 law. but i, yeah, i'd like to hear what people say about, you know, whether we should cooperate more with china in the future on the, on the moon. i also have

a cynical viewpoint regarding the united nations ability to govern anything on earth or the moon. and i, i think that maybe a new body needs to be created a bridge between china, the united states and russia, to talk specifically about land ownership and land usage on the moon sharing resources. who has the, you know, who, who has the ability to get if there's water in a certain area who has the right, that water who has rights to digging sites. i think that the united nation leaning on that body for laws and regulations on the moon or even guidelines, i think that will enable nations to do whatever they want. so the courts are a great 1st step. and so i'm, i'm proud of the, the forward thinking approaches taken to try to write down some of these important questions that need to be answered. and to provide a framework for

a peaceful approach to the moon. and as of today, we've got over 20 nations who have already signed on to the artemus or and, and it includes nations from all around the world, even some of the nations who are really trying to start, start up their own space program like the united arab emirates, and so we're really proud to be partner with all of those nations. and you know, our hopeful that the upcoming exploration of the moon will retain that peaceful focus. all right, re come help me out with that, i'd be drowned if i, if i'm i excuse me, terry. we've got lots of questions from our audience and i'm going to get them to speak to rick, because how often do i have to get speak to? like direct from nasa, instant artists i rick because i don't have all day. so it says how would we survive without electricity, food, water, at a place to live on the moon. rick, we're going to land at the south pole, which provides an opportunity to have near continuous sunlight and not has to rely on bringing heavy batteries or fuel cells. yeah, i mean,

i said i prefer to go to malls and your response, rick is. what? mars is like running a marathon, we need to, you can't get off the couch and go run a marathon immediately. so let's start with a smaller stuff like the moon. learn how to operate on the moon and then move on to mars. one more question for you, rick, and this is an adored pariah. safety protocol, would be nice. reasonable taxation and to require reasonable taxation. this might be a way to actually fund what is an incredibly expensive series of missions to put a permanent base on the moon. thoughts, how do we pay for this the key player, the key part is having the international collaboration. no one nation or one company is going to be able to undertake the types of ambitions, ambitious things that we're doing in artemus alone. and so we need that coalition of nations and companies to all joined together to be successful. going to share,

thank you for sharing your knowledge with us. i'm going to share with our audience the 2 steps that we have to go through from where we all right now to where we might be in 2 or 3 years time. so the plan is a 2025 optimist. 3 mission the 1st me landing. since 1972, that's just a couple years away. i fell as a ryan spacecraft. course this is the nasa space costs $40000000000.00 and then projected artemus spending is $93000000000.00. joe, you know what, i'm going to ask people here that sum of money and just go what the $1923000000000.00. yeah. lou rocket rocket is kind of included in the $93000000000.00. i'm. it doesn't sound like a lot. it's far more than nasa gets a year from congress. and when you ask nasa,

i think one of the best answers as well, look at the spin off technologies that we've created going to space. i mean, investing billions of dollars and i ss, has created really important medical technology here on earth that, you know, you would not think there any relation to space. and when we're going further to the moon, that's going to create, you know, other technologies that can be of use on, on earth as well. i can't name specific examples yet. maybe rick can help me out with that. but that's kind of just the bigger argument is that this investment is not just about sending people to the married and having fun on the moon. just tap on the moon. it's about, you know, exploring science, scientific discovery and also inventing new technologies that can benefit other people on or yeah, those sounds like on the surface. they may sound like high dollar amounts, but nasa gets a tremendous bang for the buck for the, for the us tax dollar. our budget is just about a half a penny of every tax dollar. and so if you think about all the other things that

the us government is involved in the, the amount of return on investment for the nasa budget is really quite tremendous. i'm just going to go yesterday that yes i right. really quickly say not massive experimenting with more commercial models to bring the cost down of rockets like less. it's been very expensive and over budget and i think they're trying to work more towards a cheaper way to get to space. just going to bring in professor christopher cochran asi spoke to us a little bit earlier. this about some of the warnings that we need to be careful about. if we all going to be exploring and living on the make. this happen if it is important that we return to the moon for scientific potential in because if we stay and with awful citizens of the moon, it can help teach us how to solve problems without creating new ones. and for that to happen, we have to love the moon as it is respected as a real place. it's a sublime moving landscape and the telescope. and you can see that for yourself in

places that we love and respect, we need to treat well. so that means i think on the moon, having enhanced protections for apollo and other historic sites that means equitable use resources and means i think to have wilderness areas as we do on planet earth that are free of human impact. so we don't plunder the moon. so that a professor imagining what life on the mail might look like the ultimate team of already done that. what for us, this is what the ultimate base camp the animation looks like. i want to leave you with these pictures because this may well be possible in just a couple of years time at rick, are you ready for this? is this a possibility? is this going to happen in your life time? absolutely, this is a great time you work at nasa a great time to be a flight director. we are. we are really looking for what the next couple years prince. i thank you so much to robin and joey and rake who you can tell us. so

pumped about the men of 2025. are we going to be on target robin? yes, no, maybe? absolutely not. no, we're not a human landing on the moon for at least 56, maybe even 7 years on that 20242025 time frame. yeah. that time frame is political and i know we didn't get really get into it, but i didn't that time frame. got i got you. all right, thank. think me love us robin very rick and thank you for your questions. i'll see you next time. take everybody ah. ah and

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