and also to protect, prevent and deter any threat towards the ear space, land borders, and territorial waters. air force, the navy, and run forces, which are all under combined task force under the municipal. so all are all borders . all territorial water man board is another space with us for our funded operation with operational command and the cutter land forces, air force, navy, and all of the personnel will work under a joint command structure. yuki officials say their experience in hosting the 2012 olympics who come in handy. and if they do their job right, nobody will know their, their. ultimately, this is a sporting event. so the security that we're providing will be out of sight out of mind. for most and it is there really just a case of for the worst case scenario. so from a counter terrorism perspective, about what we're here today. this is a sporting event and asked main focus. it's about building relationships for the

future and global security, as well as a whole. since securing the bit other forces of worked with global security partners to plan for the world cup, they want this extraordinary military corporation to build knowledge sharing for international sporting events. and hope that lessons from free for 2022 will help secure other tournaments, some of the job it under the roof, the hun airbase, but ah, no again, i'm fully back to bo. with the headlines on al jazeera, you, russian asked shrikes, have left millions of ukrainians without power and water. as temperatures plummets, present bernice lensky has accused moscow of crimes against humanity. meanwhile, e. u. energy ministers are meeting in brussels to consider a package of measures to tackle the energy crunch in europe. 15 countries signed a letter in september, supporting half on gas vices,

but not all agree on the proposal. china has recorded more than 31000 covered 19 cases in just one day. the highest so far. the city of chang jew is not preparing to locked on for 5 days. malaysia is long time politicians on why abraham has been sworn in his prime minister, but former leader media scene claims he secured a majority in parliament. this all over, all condition bundled with government local militia for all syria media reporting, the former commander of the kurdish syrian democratic forces res. i'm carlo has been killed in a turkish drone strike. it's part of an air operation launch 4 days ago against kurdish groups in northern syria. take here consider the kurdish y, p g and p k k as terrorist groups and blame them for a blast any stumble last week. and african leaders have agreed that troops in

eastern democratic republic of congo will seize hostilities from 16 gmc on friday. the deal was reached in talks hosted by a godless president between wanda and d. r. c. m. 23 fighters are reportedly making advances in the east and pushing back on release troops. you're up to date with the headlights on al jazeera coming up next year. it's the stream stay with us. spiraling costs dwindling supplies. the shock is being felt around the world. with the war in ukraine triggering just deploy uncertainty, europeans are bracing themselves for an unprecedented winter. al jazeera reports on the human costs of the winter energy crisis. i with i anthony. okay, thanks for watching the stream. he take a look at my laptop. we can see how it all started,

the very 1st tweet ever by at jack on march 21st 2006, fast forward talk tobar the 27th of this year. and that is when twitter got a brand new owner. so in today's episode of the stream, we are asking how will twitter thrive and a e long mosque. this is a conversation you are very much out of with you on twitter. or if your new chief realize the irony of asking you about the way or the chief of the comment section is right here. the part of today ah, we have a panel of fabulous experts. hello victoria and jillian and meredith. so good to have all 3 of you here in the conversation between please hello to international audience. tell them who you are and what you do. i'm victoria elliot and i'm the platforms and power reporter with wired get daddy. hello gillian. say hello to audience around the well, tell them who you are and what you do. hi,

i'm the director for international freedom of expression at the electronic frontier foundation, a digital rights organization. all right, great to have jillian and meredith welcome to the stream. these introduce yourself to our audience around the world. thank you for having me. my name is meredith clark. i'm an associate professor in journalism and communication studies at northeastern university in boston. all right, ladies. i had to look to see when you all joined twitter, victoria june 2012. thank you for your service, meredith. oh, my goodness, 2009. extraordinary. you've been there for a long time. gillian, you're virtually an o g. u joy and february of 2008. i'm going to take some of our viewers back to the very beginning with a little timeline that takes us back to 2060. remember that 1st treat the i short surgery on 2006 to, to launch as a micro blogging site. and then in the past 16 years, they have been now an audience of 200, a 40000000 active users around the world. average number of tweets in any one day,

500000000 tweets st in a day. gillian, you're almost an o g. tell us what you've noticed. that's been different since say the end of october, are you getting a sense of something different or is it just anxiety? i, you know, i think i'll be honest and say a lot of it is anxiety. there have been small changes so far. there's definitely been an emboldening of the right and of people, you know, making racist comments and harassing others on the platform. but in terms of concrete changes internally, we've seen staff laid off, but we haven't seen any changes to policies or to content migration practices just yet. feel that we're on the verge of them though, so i do want to say that now it, if you say that i, i think so, i think i find that interesting because i think it all depends on who you are. the experience that some folks are having, particularly people from structurally marginalized backgrounds, women of color,

people of color, l, g, b, i a, folks, they are having a markedly different experience. and while we may say that it's anecdotal at this point, they are reporting an uptick in harassment and hateful speech. i'm just looking at a guy here on twitter is from uganda, and who starts his tweet with ah, it's very much uncertain future truth to be taught. he's here on my laptop here of my laptop. so he does not know, and i think that most so many other twitter users right now, victoria, what can you test concrete that has definite and change in the last few days? well again, i think obviously it depends on the community are part of and you know, it structurally inside the organization. we know that they don't have nearly as many people who are working on their content policy staff right now. and one of the things that i have heard from people who are outside researchers, who are sometimes in contact with platforms when they find issues. this information

networks important, you know, narratives that are spreading is that they don't know who to contact any war about problematic stuff that staying up on the platform. and really great example of this is brazil, which just had an election and has really been marred by this information around that election that a researcher i spoke to mention that tweets that they might otherwise expect to have been removed or at least would have contacted twitters team about they don't know who to contact and those things upstate up. marty, who, nodding you saying yes, is articulate that, that note go ahead. well, the things that i'm thinking about are the misinformation and dis, information networks that are not only in brazil and other countries throughout the world. you know, my focus is mostly here on the united states, and we're seeing those same things pop up, but perhaps not in the same way, not in the political arena. and those networks have been able to pretty much

proceed unimpeded because they're not as prominent when it comes to some of the bigger topics. so the election in brazil, or particularly the election in se, georgia where folks are still engaging in the bad faith actions that they were taken before. but because it's not seen as important or as prevalent, they're just not getting the same sort of attention. and it's interesting that on youtube, i wouldn't say a talking about what's happening right now. jillian, one view is saying, i'm confused that will twitter still be safe or would it not be safe? i think the only elements and trends that were very edgy and, and not safer too, depending on what community belong to. but that safety aspect, jenny, and what are you expecting to be different? yes, i mean, as meredith said, twitter was already not safe for a lot of people and i think it is getting worse. but i think that you know, some of the things to look at going forward. the new verification scheme is absolutely something that concerns me and not just because you know,

some of us will have to pay dollars, but there are going to be a lot of people who is tweet. they're now not going to make them to the feeds and who for whom verification provided a set of protections. twitter also getting rid of its human rights team. that team did a lot of work in ensuring that twitter adhered to the un business and human rights principles that teams gone now in its entirety. and so i think a lot of the concerns are that i have are for people in conflict zones and in places where that team had been doing the most work thus far. so shannon had tweets just recently this november, the 4th, have a look here on my laptop. yesterday was my last day at twitter being, ty, human rights team has been caught from the company. i'm enormously proud of the work we did to implement you and guiding price principles on business and human rights to protect those at risk. go global conflicts and crises, including ethiopia, victoria, what are you hearing from inside twitter? what are you seeing from those staff members who've been caught an accident and

doing jobs that you don't always associate with a social media company, but we'll definitely happening at twitter. well, i think there's, you know, there was a big twitter spaces for a lot of the people that were laid off last week. and i think the biggest take away that you can hear from all the people who are like, oh is that they were incredibly proud of the work that they were able to do at twitter. and that the culture was something that really supported that. whether that's their met a team, which is their ethical ai team. you know, that was something that didn't exist at any other company, you know, sort of, big for profit social media company was going to invest in studying bias in a i, on their platform in the same way that twitter was. so i think there was something really unique about the willingness of the company to engage with sort of these stores or questions about the role of their platform in modern society and the ethical implications of the work they were doing. and those people are the people who have by enlarge,

been cut from the new version of twitter. i think one of the biggest ideas that ill mosque has been sharing a not just recently but, but over a long period of time when he's been, it's for to use or if the idea of free speech and twitter should be a place where free speech can happen, i'm gillian, you start with what those challenges are an emerge if you take up about the realities til in the stuff. sure. so, you know, i've been looking at twitter is role in the, in the as the, the public square, so to speak. for many years i'm in twitter started off of the platform that, you know, called itself the free speech wing of the free speech party. back in 2012 and then over the years recognized the role that it played with respect to, you know, curbing harassment, fighting terrorism in all sorts of other things, including this information which has been brought up a few times. so i think that now you know, what you on mosque is trying to do isn't necessarily the same version of free speech that the un would put out. not that, you know,

he's not looking to align it better with, with international human rights frameworks. he's looking to amplify certain voices to, you know, yes, he's talked about getting rid of thoughts in span, but ultimately i think that by failing to fight this information, failing to fight some, some of our other societal ills. and then also at the same time saying he is, you know, he wants to adhere to the laws of the land and every country in which they operate . well, what does that mean for you? there is in saudi arabia, for example, meredith, he had just, i don't see that working very well for ill on my can. in fact, i sort of characterize the way he talked about free speech as really being a can to opening up chaos. i think it provides the civic lesson for all of us. you know, here, particularly in the u. s. where twitter was founded, free speech has to do with the government inability to intervene in something that someone says or something that they post, unless it is directly harmful or hateful. if it's one of those prohibited forms of each. what you,

i'm talking about is giving free reign to people who have disproportionate areas of power. a disproportionate reaches the power to say what they want to. and he hoped this on the platform that belongs to a private company where folks can say whatever they want. and they can rest assured that the private company isn't going to weigh in on that. that's very different than keeping the government from intervening and saying you can or cannot express yourself. you can or cannot petition your government for a redress of grievances. it's quite different for someone to be able to say whatever wild and outlandish or even off thing that they want to say, versus someone perhaps engaging and important political speech that speaks truth to power. the tory, there are some engage with the i spotted a few days ago, which made me smile. it will show you the tweet is right hale, my laptop for all mask treated out. the bird is free and then for your when you have in europe divide will fly by out e,

you rose and this is the digital strategy act. i believe. i just double check that, but it's basically laws that in europe make sure that what is happening online is in line with what would happen offline as well. there are rules the regulations, victoria, do you feel that maybe mosque and what happening to right now is in a little bubble and then not seeing the whole world of to it's just a little bit of that. they say, i definitely think that, you know, before he was the owner of twitter, ilan was a super user of the platform. and he definitely thinks about the platform in that way that this is a place where one would come to broadcast their message and the nest wouldn't necessarily want to be censored. but most twitter users are not like that. a lot of people lurk and get information. they're not necessarily heavy content creators, as we might call them on another platform. and i think it's also really important

to note in a global sense that twitters conception of free speech is often much broader than a lot of the company. the countries, i'm sorry, that it operates in and that can be problematic as we see in the us. but it also can be incredibly important. for instance, in india, twitter has actually filed a suit in the karnataka court to protect the free speech of its users to resist government orders to take down tweets and accounts that the b j. p. government has that are a threat to indian security and sovereignty. and you know, similarly it's protection of anonymity in countries like saudi has allowed dissidence, people from marginalized communities to have a voice in a way that they might not otherwise be able to have through traditional media. and so it's what is particularly interesting is that musk has this very sort of americanized view of free speech, where in our country it's sort of like anything that is not

a legal can stay on the platform. but the reality is that what's legal is varies from place to place. and in many places, you know what free speech means for, for twitter is actually been really helpful for journalists and for activists. and if you're going to abide by the laws of the land in those places, those are voices. you're also going to silence. and that seems very at odd and in terms of his commitment to free speech that he's been very vocal though. i meant it d, i wasn't had really quickly yet, meredith and then it's not just, you know, an american idea of free speech, but it's a partisan idea of free speech. eli musk it seems to be very much aligned with folks that are more right wing here. in the united states and that concerns me frankly, might he adapt the same sort of positions in, say, brazil, or in india, where we have seen tendencies for governments to a doesn't matter if one pass. and although he has

a huge following on twitter and he owns twitter has those days because twitter is more than one person, isn't it? no, i got so much more than one per yeah. i'm to the rest of us. it's not actually one pass and maybe like getting this out of proportion. monica no, no his, his reach and has power is what is disproportionate. we're talking about a billionaire who had the ability to borrow. let's be clear enough money to buy this platform. that is networked among a number of journalistic systems. i think that's one of the things that we tend to downplay that we pay attention to the individuals on the platform, but not the connections that the individuals are part of. now, at the helm of twitter, you must, is at the center of a lot of journalism. and we're journalists look for information where they connect with sources. and where they publicize that information and having him in there and not abiding by any sort of rules or conventions that we are used to,

or that we can even predict. this is someone who has been so unpredictable as to say that he would cut off the internet access to ukraine that he was provide providing for that role so that the online community pushed back. and then he changed his mind to. that is the power of the masses as opposed to the individual. so there's, there's going to be a conversation that's going to go backwards and forwards. it's going to be drama filled, but it will be a conversation. maybe just say gillian before i come to the essays, digital services at which is important. if you're in europe and you're online gillian, go ahead. i'm gonna ask you to make it brief because i also want to get the idea of how does to, to make money is not even possible telling you go fast. sure. yeah, happy to make it read. i mean, i just wanna go back to something that was said about free speech because it's true, of course, that twitter is a private company to do what it wants. but we're looking at a moment where press freedom is on or is i'm backsliding over the world and what twitter is done for so many users, including a lot of the activists that i work with, has provided

a platform where they don't have another platform within their country and so yes, i mean, i think we got, you know, free speech and the 1st amendment kind of confused a little while ago in that free speech does. for me, it is something that exists on these platforms to, especially when they're not other spaces for speech. so let's talk about making money. and if that is even possible for a social media site like twitter. so steve is watching right now from the u. k. i'm still staying with twitter, he says, but i will never pay for it. ah, oh no, victoria is that bad news? if people just pay for this, why should i? well, i think, you know, that is something that must is currently trying to figure out. he just hosted a twitter spaces which was open, but specifically geared towards advertisers where, you know, he said, i think if people have to pay $8.00 a month or if there's sort of a price of admission that perhaps people won't be as mean to each other. won't be

as aggressive, there is much so much hate speech. so, you know, there's, i think there's right now there's a scramble to try and find ways to make money. particular be particularly because the advertisers have been so concerned. and this goes back to sort of his vision of free speech have been so concerned about the type of content up there ads may run next to. and so for twitter generally, there were even before mosque took over there were some criticisms about it, not innovating. c enough to make money. obviously it bought vine and vine was very popular, video sharing platform and, and that died. so, you know, there have been sort of previous criticisms of the company not taking opportunities to build out other revenue streams. and realistically, a lot of other platforms, they look to content creators like instagram or tick tock, influencers as a way to sort of bring money onto the platform. so i think those will also be on

the table as well. and at least what it seems like right now is that, that $8.00 a month may not be for everybody, but he has floated a sort of suggestion of a soft paywalls platform where maybe everyone has to pay to get in. we don't know yet. and he does if and if nothing else seemed to be responsive, as you mentioned earlier, to push back from users or from particularly vocal people. and we also don't know who is who's talking to him behind the scenes. yes. you are actually on a twitter spaces just before we got onto the air at a loss was in that twitter space. what did he say? anything? it was newsworthy, the think? oh, i think again it's, it's mostly about quelling advertiser concerns. office wayne. okay. and you know, one of the things he said was, you know, every, if you have to attach a phone number and a credit card to every account, it'll be much harder for trolls and misinformation does information campaigns to

operate on the platform. but, you know, many of these people are very smart operators. they can find ways around these things, credit card of it, or is that i don't believe it, or what could you possibly resolve or not? i was, i was on twitter at the weekend and something really made me feel good about the communities that i'm part of. and the hash tag, which is black twitter. and i was last for about 6 hours because i went down that rabbit ho and didn't come out again. but what was beautiful about this and, and it's the same for science, twitter, people with disabilities to do an eligibility, q i o. plaster is that the communities have power, i'm boy each other up support each of the tao stories she had knowledge. i was so encouraged, meredith, because what people were saying is that we created a lot of the content that is fantastic and exciting. and the reason people come

here is because of what we do in this space. we're not going anywhere. we are sticking around. what do you make it? i mean, i expect for users who consider themselves part of black twitter to stay for a number of reasons. they're saying they're not going something like mastodon because they will be siloed, essentially, into the different servers that method on uses to sort it's user. one of the things that troubles me about the resilience that black twitter has is that at the same time of recognizing that we do contribute so much to the platform, there's a lot that's also extracted from black twitter and there is no credit. there is no capital, there is no sort of recognition or how much value, black people, black communities and black culture poured into this platform. and frankly, with an owner like you on musk, someone who's companies have come under scrutiny for the kind of culture, the hostile culture that they've created around black workers. i have deep concerns

about what that means for black users who decide to remain on the platform. i want to actually bring in a voice that takes us into a global perspective for what it does beyond the united states. and banga spoke to us a little bit earlier. have a nice and have a lot. one of the things that we have actually found is that the platform lends itself to easy to allowing malicious actors to see the narratives into these will be standing section and is something that we have completely been unable to plan. a team, especially over the past 2 years in many countries across africa. secondly, the platform is full of widespread harassment. not only of journalism activists, but even celebrities. just think about the number of celebrities that usually end up seeing that look, i'm quoting this platform, i'm done with the toxicity of this thing, and i'm not going to do it anymore. and i worry that to the direction that it's going, you know, with integrating private and huge levels of content, moderation,

interested, see that these things are eventually going to get was the avenues for accountability for the platform are actually shrinking. and that is something that should work. yes. i guess we have so many questions for our new chief audience. so this is gonna be the speed around you have less than 30 seconds to answer all of those questions . victoria and volunteering you festival we did in must dismiss so many workers. what are your thoughts about that? very briefly he has always been publicly critical of the content, moderation, trust and safety teams. and so i think those lay offs seemed somewhat inevitable and also he's trying to make twitter profitable. he, you know, took a significant financial hit to buy the platform. and i think the layoffs are also

a way of trying to figure out how to keep him from losing money on tighter or the trying. i'm getting another quick question. i'm going to put this one to you. this one comes from stephen. he says out is the area is and left the cesspool. thank you for the compliment. all right, you too have come from and thank you. content moderation hastings is the same as before. on twitter. mosque is simply allowing free speech as guaranteed by the u. s . constitution, meredith, briefly fundamental misunderstanding of what free speech means by a company cannot promote the freedoms that are, is gone in the 1st amendment. those freedoms are upheld by our government government. what we're looking at when we talk about 1st amendment freedoms and the rights to free speech, is the right to keep the government from interfering in what you have to say. if you, i must decide tomorrow that someone with an opinion on the platform should go. they will just ask kathy griffin. all right,

so victoria joined in 2012 gillian joined in 2008 murder. if joined in april 2009. yes, i was leaving any time soon. no, i'm with black twitter. i'll be here until it's time to turn the lights off doria i'm not leaving, but i'll probably also have a message on account. oh. 1 and julia, i'm spending my time, i'm staying on twitter because so many of the international activists that i follow are still using it to get attention. thank you. guess. thank you you tube, i'll see you next time. take it. ah. ah, african narratives from african perspectives. a new series of short documentary, st. bye african filmmakers from across the continent. ah,

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one do people tell stories and take risk to share their experiences? why? because they must award winning voices telling groundbreaking stories. witness on which is it. in just the year, the u. s. government sent thousands of asylum seekers back to right. if you take to the sea, you will not come to the united states worse in the back and i don't see the money period in the fault lines follows the lives of some of those deported. these people are just trying to have a better lives. no country for haitians on a jesse you with this is al jazeera.