it takes but i guess brazil it's a very tough ask for them there. but on the other side, gonna, i think gonna have what it takes to beat your guy. you grey look like they're not sure what they want at the tournament. and i think the black says have what it takes. all right, well we'll see if you have got it right there. i'll show in a few days, a groups a and b i decided on tuesday with the final round of matches is a 1500 g m. t kickoff for ecuador, and senegal at hello for state. im with level and against kat off from al bates. also starting at the same time that's followed at 1900 gmc, byron's crunch match with the usa at alpha mama playing at the same time as whales against england, which is taking place at acm had been alley stadium. so plenty to look forward to on day 10 of the tournament, all team will have it all covered right here on al jazeera. ah,

ah, don't forget to go headlines here on al jazeera, china has stepped up security in its biggest city shanghai following days of rare protests against president, she 0 cobit policy. demonstrators have been calling for political reform, an end to locked out. at least 9 people have been killed by al should on fighters during an attack on a hotel and some aaliyah's capital. mogadishu, somali, forced to say they rescued 60 people when they entered the siege and reign in general as acknowledge. bert more than 300 people had been killed in protest across the country, is the 1st official word on casualties in 2 months. in iran says it will not corporate with a un front funding mission into alleged human rights violations during a crackdown on protest us demonstrations was bought more than 2 months ago. at the death of 22 year old masa. mimi and police custody big lamp. well,

i don't have the new statistics, but maybe over 300 people have died or have been martin so far. some were among the best young people in the society. why? because we filed last english enemy from turkey. a president says he determined to create a 30 kilometer deep security, colorado along the southern border with syria worship typo and threatened to start a ground offensive in the region against kurdish fighters as drive from errors in northern syria resumed over the weekend, killing at least 5 people, the escalation comes weeks after ball attack in istanbul, which anchor blames on kurdish groups. the 3rd round of talks on the peace process in democratic republic of congo has begun in the kenyan capital nairobi on day one random president. poolgan me said he fully supports efforts to stem the violence. the m $23.00 rebel group, want to believe to be backed by rolanda, is not attending the meetings, demona,

lower volcano and hawaii directing for the 1st time in any 4 decades viewing ash and daybreak. lava flows, country being contained within the basin at the top of the volcano. but if conditions chains eruption could pose a threat to nearby residence them on a lower as the world's biggest, active volcano takes up more than half of hawaii's big island. well, those are the headlines it is continues here now to 0 after inside story stage and cancel watching bye for now. ah, how could culture be best preserved? the united nations is holding meetings to discuss how to preserve and promote ancient cultures from around the world. from falconry to zambian dance and truffle

hunting, to sing a pause hawk a cops, traditions of being considered for inclusion on the intangible cultural heritage list. so how could it ensure such practices survive for generations to come? this is inside story. ah hello, welcome to the program. i'm adrian finnegan. unesco is meeting in morocco to consider $56.00 nominations for inclusion on a list of what it calls intangible, cultural heritage. the you and agency aims to both protect and promote cultural practices to prevent them being lost to history. the list includes entries like falconry, the 4000 year old art of training and flying falcons practised in 2000 countries

around the world. or malawi is collection of traditional dances this year. it's looking for financial support to help to preserve them. food is also on the list, whole cook, astronomy and singapore. that's a major collection of community dining and color re activities in multicultural, urban areas, or dance, ecuador paseo song, and poetry is being considered. it's an op, the fuse is indeed this music, complex universe like football and zambia maintains a tradition that's typical of what unesco wants to highlight. its traditional collect dance team is among many nobodies that have been short distance. me. my number is my son coach, and i'm the director of the dance team that you said that i knew we knew sucka ro, well, we adore our cataract richards from,

with their significance of their color. le dance is celebratory. done every chip don't. calla guntee and we have 5 to dump amongst the number of people all these 2 up from the same plan over a month. and that is verizon, right? it's only common amongst these people. now what happens is that when we happy i 10 of the week or the color le team gather to deliberate and have fun with the color la guns depict our social set up. for instance, we have fishermen, you will see one dance with depict people bringing the fish and getting the fish cooking the fish. another done with the pick. since we are simple for doing

it to depict the people having to think about pounding, you know, i'm turning into something new. we are very happy. i'd say you never go out. come on board to try and promote the present vision of our culture. i think in this way, none of our cultural activities are not tradition. will you know, just ah, so let's bring it our guests for today's discussion from paris, were joined by juliet hopkins associate program specialist with eunice goes living heritage cultural sector from lagos. more would a writer, arts editor and cultural activists, and also in paris, karen archer, deputy director of the french heritage society. welcome to you all julia. let's start with you. what exactly constitutes an intangible, cultural heritage?

why is it so important to protect them and how do you go about doing so? i everyone and thanks for your question. thank you for having me to say it's a pleasure to be here. so intangible who, her issue is different to tangible heritage in a number of important ways of call us on the one hand we're getting with physical sites and objects. and on the other hand, we're referring to the cultural practices and expression that community puzzled and from generation to generation and form part about cultural tradition. but the 2nd important difference i would say is in the approach to safeguarding itself and how we got it. so incredible cultural heritage is very much alive community, it's not fixed in the past. but what's important interest idea of intergenerational transmission. so it has a continued social function and cultural me, meaning for communities. and it's something we like to say, everyone has, it's relevant to everyday life and shape identity. how we understand though,

how we understand each other and how we understand the world around us more generally. and it's nice and dynamic nature of intangible, cultural heritage, which is really important to remember is extremely important terms of how each generation does their own cultural heritage to respond to the going needs a reality that they have. so how do we go about starting at which is the 2nd part of the question and part of so the 2003 can mentioned they've got in tangible cultural heritage is an international instrument which is aiming at safeguarding. and her teacher came in to listen to the extent of celebrating 20th anniversary, and yet its purpose as the front end of the convention is called this heritage. raise awareness about it in respect for it and provide for international cooperation between states toward the safeguarding. and i wanted to underline

aspect about promoting respect to the diversity of intangible, teach, which is what the convention sets out to do. and it's also about in that way, learning respect, other people's ways. it lives for each other in all of our similarities and differences. marwood in lagos, tell us about your work concerning the protection of intangible cultural heritage and in my written ij area of what you see as the main threats to this heritage there. oh yes i am very happy to be here. thank you to everyone and yes, i've worked as a journalist editor, i've done curatorial work in places like the ocean or chicago secret grove which is a unesco world heritage site. and i've also visited other places. and the threads especially increasingly has to do with that to call our leadership and

a lot of our policy gaps which don't put that at these places. so they all show. so ball support grove in, in the south west part of nigeria for instance, is so crucial to the community, to the history of the people, to the founding of the town. and is the center for it was the most festival, the osho festival, which takes place annually almost every year. but now that place is actually threatened in terms of the environment by any gold mining that is rampant in towns along the route of the river because they're sociable, separate group has as it some hot, the secret or river or shown, which is also tied to the beliefs of the people to the history and, and, and all of that and all, not just one idea,

but all the way the diaspora people in brazil, cuba, part of the united states for instance, come to this place as a commemoration of identity and belong again. and ancestral ties, and because of the illegal mildly, the water is being polluted at. this is water. for instance, the people that the adherents of the goddess believe has healing powers. they call it hub a hubble a mixed up with them. but when it's polluted with, all of these are metals and the hollow, the characterization, everything changes. so that is a real threat. and so there is the need definitely to continue to safeguard places like that. i mean, last year for instance, i visited, historical sites are in your state here in nigeria are which it, it,

it's like same like parts of role being endangered by decertification and artifacts being destroyed and from these artifacts that you actually understand the tradition of the people the songs, the, the stories are the beliefs of the people and how that ties from the previous generations. so even challenges that we're facing today. we're definitely fascinating. karnataka and, and parents show the deputy director of the french heritage society. tell us about the work of your society than in protecting the cultural heritage, the intangible cultural heritage of france. yes. well thank you. i'm very pleased to be with you today as well. we deal both in tangible and intangible. we raced funds to protect the historic monuments. so for the restoration the preservation, i thought parkson gardens as well. but touching back on what the previous speakers

said, there's also an intangible quality because there's the transmission. you can consider perhaps the, the, the bricks and stones as the, as the framework. it's the testimony of past civilization of craftsman of artisans was come before us. but there's also kind of a living heritage to transmit this today. not only to restore it, but to give a vocation to these monuments so that they're living so that they're open to the public. and also the question of parks and gardens is very important now as well. which also has a role to play in a sustainable development in, but biodiversity. and of course, with the restoration in carrying non traditional crafts, which are in france. what we call also gets him one vivo. so living heritage, which are the skills that are transmitted from generation to generation slow,

a juliet a one quick question, a just want to come back to pinning down what constitutes that intangible, cultural heritage. what about dying languages and religion? so they eligible for protection of what happens in the case of controversial cultural practices. are they still considered for inclusion as well? thank you for the questions and a question on languages and religions. now this is discussed a lot in the beginning of the convention in the drafting of the text excel and with regard to languages and we in is not the language itself that is defined in tangible, cocoa heritage in the convention on the article too. but it's how it was related to these are all expressions of these practices. so we see language as a vehicle of the tangible, cultural heritage. so it's a way that it can be transmitted to generation to generation in terms of religion,

of course, or a very many different aspects of intangible, cultural heritage that are related to organized religion. they might need particular social practices or ritual which come from religious traditions and origins. but religion in an, in organized religion itself does not fall under the convention definition of intangible cultural heritage. now in terms when it comes to kind of more controversial elements or inscription. and again, if we go back to the article to it states that all intangible quote to heritage falling under this convention must be in line with international human rights instruments. so any practice or tradition which might not be aligned or might conflict with such international instruments does not fall under the definition of intangible co heritage. in the 2003 convention juliet,

what does it mean then for a community? when a practice is given, unesco intangible, cultural heritage status and, and does that status have a role to play in, in bringing desperate communities together? and that's a very good question. i just to go back to the, the lives of the convention or how it is recognized as intangible cultural heritage . so we have to list the representative lists of intangible cultural heritage. and this is made up of elements in tangible, cultural heritage that demonstrate the diversity of the heritage and that help right when it's of it's important. and then the 2nd one is in the urgent safeguarding list. and this is a mix which is about intangible cultural heritage that has a dentist particularly at risk. and the purpose of basically is to mobilize

international awareness around the elements in danger of gives, appearing any charge to introduce specific actions and plans to address these. right. so this might be in designing promotion programs or education programs around the element in creating particular policy environment which would help those elements. so the community themselves, inscription one of these and this can bring a lot of awareness to their intangible heritage. brain greater recognition. it can help kind of burst international recognition around this element and provide the frameworks for introducing the safeguarding times and action. okay. yeah, melora, we should always remember that it's not an end and it's so, so it's really the start of the launch pad full so that they've got an action between the states and community for each generation menorah. one of the things that interests me about about the list that we're talking about here is, is,

is that the shift that has been towards more environmental concerns. recently, you talked about about the pollution coming from these legal mines. how much of your work and directly concerns the environment and have you noticed this the shift towards protecting the environment in when considering intangible, cultural heritage? indeed, indeed, i loved the phrase used by the speaker in paris, a living heritage. and they are sociable that i mentioned, for instance, is a place where a living heritage is in practice, every gate through the songs, through the practices and are all the people that and so many communities come into this place and just keeping it alive every day. and it is threatened by the environment and by the, the i nonchalance of persons and authority who don't

basically take seriously these threats to these places. so for that there are mental pollution and also not just a threat to the site immediately, but also to the water which they the people breathing and drink and all of that the holy water, so to speak. and then this river, i actually flows through so many, often 2030 different paulson community. so it's a threat to a lot of people and to their relationship to history as represented by this site. so increasingly, environment is a concern and they need internationally to, to have basically a cohesive, a message about what national governments should be doing to complement the

efforts of an organization such as municipal, for instance. and also for activists on the ground. and luck had measured also the other side. desertification are illegal, whole industry ah, heritage trees being failed in both places where people and songs and beliefs and all of that have thrive and where are not as artists and to this. but also acknowledges are trying to piece together the, the history of the people and the progress of an in time to build a heritage is the last year i was a kid who in the republic of been with a neighboring country to nigeria. here to observe the collect debt performance, which is a masked play calendar play and it didn't come in. it's a, it's you not be recognized as an incentive all heritage by unesco. and it includes

the article performance, which when you sit in action, you realize that this is a yeah called tradition, which does not stem from the western tradition. it is of the people and you see community cohesion. and the more especially the people of when other people see themselves and i have had, i had to go from nigeria to go and see it in the public. authentic wet, big and diligently, the title of the you about it. when most yoga will i in ontario, but because we do not have that kind of products that are protection for gala dare say in nigeria for instance, it is preserved in a, in a more potent form in k to. and i have to go there to go and see, but if we have more protection, then we can have these in tangible heritage be really impactful in, in lives and communities. karen archer in paris. yes. it's wonderful to,

to be able to, to protect this cultural heritage. and it's the right thing to do. but how much does it cost and, and who pays? i mean, they're, they're in france and the country seems particularly passionate about certain aspects of it. it's cultural houses, do you have any, any problem finding donors that they're in front of you perhaps more fortunate in france than elsewhere in the world? well it's, it's a mixed system. because traditionally, france has been a very centralized country in terms of culture, in terms of historic monuments in that, but that is changing and they're quoting more along the anglo saxon model. now typically, typically with incentives like in the united states for private domes. so there is still state aid quite an important amount of state aid, but there's a mixture of private donors, of foundations, of companies that are interested in heritage as well. and as far as french heritage

society is concerned, we have, we were actually found into, to help incite american donors to at g. i give to france to maintain its cultural heritage. and in the united states is model of giving and tax deductibility and favorable laws. um is, is very much the norm and i think that they practice much more in france as well, in a way because it's so expensive. so the government has to find other ways they're trying it to incentivize private donors and even individuals as well, with things like crowd funding on where everyone can feel that they have a stake in preserving their heritage. they can, they can be invested in the monuments, they choose to support, and it's not just for an elite, and it's not removed from their everyday lives. juliette, one of the main threats to intangible cultural heritage and to what extent does it

rely? does the protection of it rely upon international cooperation? thanks for the question. so in something the main threat to enjoyable cultural her very we see a lot of issues around younger generation, perhaps losing interest in the heritage or issues around rural migration. as i've mentioned before, there might be threats relating to issues around changing the environment by diversity loss. for instance, there might be a particular material from the environment that may be needed in a practice and you know, that might not be available anymore. but that's not to say that the entire heritage will necessarily disappear because we also have to recognize adaptive capacity. so the ability of community to adapt their practices to the changing environment,

they might replace that material with another material. we could still have significance to those communities and international cooperation comply very important role in raising awareness of district and kind of gathering international support around them to take action in terms of developing specific safeguarding plans to address julia, i can understand the need to protect inherited cultural traditions, but why the sco considered important to protect contemporary practices as well. so contemporary practices there is when i, when i mentioned that it's, you know, a living heritage have significant. the community being practices are passed down from generation to generation. but that's not to say to stuck in the past so that they're proven in the past. and communities can to adapt to the changing needs of

situation that it continues to have relevance in the line. and that's a very important kind of notion in the convention. and it's different to these discourses around protection and preservation of heritage because we understand that heritage is not frozen in time, but continues to evolve with generations. and that's how we can say that it can contribute to some of these contemporary issues. and it can also be innovative in nature, in providing new information to some of the challenges around by climate change, adoption, disastrous reduction, and things like that. that has been a fascinating discussion. the, i'm afraid we must end. thank you all for being with a student, hopkins in paris, mon, or would it lagos and karen archer, also in paris. and thank you for watching. don't forget, you can see the program again anytime just by visiting the website,

where it al jazeera dot com. and for the discussion, join us facebook page, that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. and you can join the conversation on twitter handle at a inside story for me again. and the team here though. hi, thanks for watching. we'll see you again, bye for the ah december of this era, the middle east 1st woke up takes place and gets off with 32 countries buckling. it's out for sports biggest bry. immerse it has no short documentary the african

direct return. showcasing african stories from african filmmakers, amid a deep political crisis unworthy economic conditions, julia goes to the polls just months after a contentious constitutional referendum combating the climate in nature. crises of rise, meet the people who believe global systems must change. joe biden host some 50 lead us from across the african continent with the aim, underscoring the importance of us africa relations. december on al jazeera jumping to the stream, when no topic is off the table, i don't think that anybody should be borne to privilege to the president of the day . we are the subjects of little family plus one person's opinion, but what's your, amplify your voice? the judicial system in mexico is incredibly weak and it is not just corruption where a global audience becomes a global community. the scariest part of this moment in my country is this toys for

a more weapon. the stream. oh, now j 0. we understand the differences and similarities of culture across the wound. so no matter why you call her hand out, you sarah, will bring you the news and current affairs that mattie out is there. oh, man has a rich history, but also plays an important diplomatic. all in the gulf region today, out there well discovers its empires stretched from the arabian peninsula to east africa. built on great sea power. the problem that existed in the gulf was piracy. tribes was rebellion, empire, and colonization. oman, history, power, and influence on al jazeera. ah.