confirms another fear the drought doesn't just last for the summer. it goes right through the seasons. we have drop during good 10 no a month from we're the total 12 for during the ari culture year. so we have problem, especially with the spring across like a maze crop and the same floor cropped. it's milder weather and lower rainfall that are changing the seasons. farmers around here say there are only 2 seasons these days instead of for the summer and the winter autumn this year in temperature terms only lasted a couple of weeks press if yet an auto strappy to lot of them are helpless. virile marine shows some evidence stunted sunflowers in bloom when temperatures should be sub 0. he and his son are slowly adapting, but climate change may well outpace them. andrew simmons al jazeera tele or man romania, and the world's largest non quino spewing larva in hawaii. mount

a lower has erupted 34 times since 1843, but the last time was nearly 40 years ago. assigned to say there is no threat to local communities despite lava flowing towards a main highway. ah, you're watching l 0. your headlines this, our french president emanuel michael, was in washington for a state visit. he began his trip with a dinner with president joe biden earlier. he credits and criticize us subsidies towards european companies saying they were quote, super aggressive. our white house correspondent, kimberly how can as more what he's talking about are some of the subsidies essentially and green energy that is tucked into the inflation reduction act that essentially are billions of dollars that will ensure that not

only are these glean green energy technologies going to take place, but that a lot of it will be made in america. the fear for many european nations is that this looks a lot like protectionism. this looks a lot like that this could ignite a trade war. a russia is foreign minister says previous relations with the west will not be restored at a news conference or gay lab. ralph said western powers had a real chance to avoid conflict in ukraine, but they rejected russian proposals to whole nato expansion. and independent panel in south africa has found presidents, serial ram opposed to violated his oath of office. the panel was set up after millions of dollars were found in a sofa. his private farm president denies any wrong doing and has not been charged with any crime. at least 2 palestinians had been killed during and his really raid in the occupied west bank. several others were wounded, and morocco are in to the last 16 of the world cup with 2 goals and the 1st half

they beat canada to one to finish top of f. it is the 1st time a walker reach. round the round of 16 since 1986. now canada were all ready out and they finished last in their group. belgium came close to going through with morocco in group f, but it was not to be a win over croatia. would have taken them through the closest for the closest they came, was hitting the post in the 2nd half of the mill mill draw enough to put 2018 finalists croatia into the last 60 up. next, insight story with a new drug is being touted as a breakthrough to find a cure for alzheimer's. it's the 1st treatment to slow the onset of the

degenerative disease, but it's not without risk. so how important is this trial and what will its impact be on millions. this is insightful. ah hello and welcome to the program. i'm how much m job, japanese and american pharmaceutical companies have published the results of a trial which is being held as a breakthrough in the fight against alzheimer's disease. the data showed how a new drug can significantly slow down cognitive decline in some patients by 27 percent. the 18 month trial involved nearly 2000 spence who were in the early stages of the illness health experts say one person develops dementia every 3 seconds. all timers is the most common cause of dimension. the number of people

suffering from the disease is expected to double every 20 years. worldwide. dementia costs are more than a trillion dollars globally about a 3rd of the case annual g d p. those figures include direct medical care and social and unpaid costs. and early detection of neuro degenerative disorders is crucial for recognizing signs of alzheimer's or cognitive decline. we'll bring in our guests in a moment. the 1st this report from harry fonts it in london for over 30 years, scientists have tried and failed to design a drug with tackles the cause, not the symptoms of alzheimer's disease. now comes the 1st evidence of real success and antibody infusion that attacks a specific protein in the brain. slowing the development of early stage outsiders by around a quarter. professor john hardy 1st developed the theory of it. we said that this approach might work 30 years ago and you know, if you'd asked me 30 years ago how long it would take, i'd say 5 to 10 years. so for me it's,

it seems definitely momentous. i think for patients, it's a real step forward, a real step forward, and it's going to take a couple of years to get it into the system. it's patients like john teeling in the early stages of the disease who stand to benefit the most. john says he felt the ground open up when he was diagnosed. he'd embrace anything that gives him more time with his wife and family. you put it in your mind, you know what you're going to end up like. and you know, there's nothing you can do about it, but you can't worry about it because there's no way you can do someone be accepting of it. the new drug, le, kinda mad inhibits the build up in the brain of a protein called b to amyloid visible is so called plaques. in the brains of alzheimer's patients. nearly $1800.00 patients around the world took part in the study which showed a 27 percent slow down in the deterioration of their cognitive skills over 18

months. but it's approved. the treatment will be laborious and costly to administer through blood infusions twice a month. and will also require major investment in screening for the disease to catch it sufficiently early. and at the moment we do that through pet scans, altering cerebral final testing from linda foncher. and that is we need to broaden access to ways in which we can have access to those kinds of test. we also want to see new techniques that are quicker and faster and potentially cheaper, for example, blip her 30000000 people around the world. subtle with outs, heinous in itself, just one form of dementia, much difficult and costly work remains before treatments that learn cures a widely available. but this is a hugely significant 1st step. harris will sit al jazeera london. ah. all right, let's go ahead and bring in our guests in glasgow dream sutherland, who uses social media to raise awareness about all timers after his mother was

diagnosed. he's also a social media ambassador for all time or scotland and live in belgium. dr. bart, this trooper director of the u. k. dementia research institute and in cambridge, susan cole, hoss director of research at alzheimer's research. u. k. a warm welcome to you all and thanks so much for joining us on inside story today. soon, cool hoss. let me start with you today. the results that have been released thus far from this clinical trial of the kind of how big a breakthrough is this. this is a historic moment for all 3 years because it's the 1st time that we've actually shown that a drug that you gave to people can low cognitive decline. and really what we've been waiting for in the field for many, many years. and it's the combination of many years of research, patient effort, and people participating in clinical trials. those fantastic news for the field shows that demand isn't simply in and in the car agents who are raining to lie to

the old timers, research u. k. and his goal has let me also just follow up with you. i mean, you mentioned that this is showing that it was that is slowing cognitive decline. this clinical trial found that after 18 months, patients receiving the kind of mob declined slower than those taking a placebo. that difference is that enough to be considered a clinic clinically meaningful treatment. we don't really have consensus on that the moment, but there are a couple of big unknowns reading 1st is this, this drug is gives a modest effect. i think it's really important to manage people's expectations on that, but this is a 1st generation drug and we wouldn't, wouldn't normally see major impact for 1st generation drug. i think the 2nd thing to remember is that for somebody who is developing all timers, disease in the early stages of all our disease was meaningful. could be really different. give people more time when their families more times live

independently. and i think that is not to be understated for a patient community that has waited for decades for treatment. and i think finally, we don't have yet because it's too early, long term days on whether intervention early or can actually change the trajectory of the disease later on. those studies of the long term studies are reflect that they, the long term will be really key in determining whether or not we see effects much longer than the 18 months that we, we've studied, stay in games, havilland. i saw you nodding along to some of what susan cole hoss was saying there, and i want to ask you is someone who has very publicly documented the tool that alzheimers has taken on your mother and on your family. what was your initial reaction when you heard the news about the results of this trial? because it, those gets some hope for the future for people whose family and loved ones are

diagnosed with the disease. because when my mom was diagnosed, that wasn't edison, i hope so. it defeats kind of sealed about point, which is at least a path and direction and graham, how long ago was your mother diagnosed? and what kind of a told that take finding that out for you and for her and for other members of your family. so she was diagnosed over 70 years ago now and it's been quite slow but more sped up more recently. and i think that. ready has been very busy as you go to, but mainly i made to impact because you're, you're watching your loved one. i'm watching my mom a. ready sophie that we in front of me as affected all the family and friends watching that happen because there's nothing you can do. ready you feel very hopeless and you know, you need to take care of gushing because there's not a lot of funding in place to help caters and a lot. ready lake,

my cell from assess the house in waste to do with thought bart, to super this approach to treating alzheimer's or this has been in the work. so i understand it for over 30 years. why did it take this long and, and what's the difference between this form of treatment and, and other forms of treatment that have been attempted in the past? and that's a big question. you know, so 1st of all, why does it take so long? i think the brain is one of the most difficult when i think that we all agree, that it's a very difficult organ, much more difficult than anything else we study. there's also, it's also very good from environments. so that means it's getting medication in your brain is very difficult, but if you really, obviously wind has thinking. so i think it's because the street has hugely being underfunded, overall is yours. and i, and i think that that if you, if you can buy it, for instance, she'd like cancer where we have seen a lot of progress. i think it's

a 15 folds difference. so it just takes much more time to get your money together to do your investigations that do best things. so that's for me to, to reasons. it's a great difficult problem. and it's an understanding things and, and ways. org saying and how it compares we dollars. so the genetics prove that i'm the law, it is accumulation in the brain are closely related to disease, has been there for many years. but because i was try, i was trying to tackle each failing. there was a lot of criticism and people started to think that it was not the right way. so it's for scientists slightly, a very satisfied buying to see that you are always years on the right track than that of being each step more is a necessity and you want to achieve something. so, and are there other ways to treat it? well, 1st of all, i think that we need to find other ways to bustos. i mean, our blacks,

because the truck that you have now is far too expensive. if you want to roll out that all over the, for the, for the 55000000 people with dementia, how many under steve to meet him in 30 years, we need to have his chin. so that's the challenge now for the people in this area. and so we can talk big about other examples, but i was also characterized by other allegiance, for instance. and the names are not so important, but they go diagnosed. and there's also a kind of inflammation in the brain and you start to understand both of those pathologies better and better. and so, usually if you could have now, also similar busters, as, as the amino directly has mal, that would be extremely helpful. and so, and so thus i am at, but that is a nice thing. now we have a break to. and so these would be much easier now to do, to best me, right? he said to, to,

to go or go this through that you can do something about this disease. and, and bart, the super, i just wanted to drill down on, on something you mentioned that cause you were, you were mentioning this word, amyloid is this new drug, la cannon, mom, it's an antibody and, and it inhibits the build up in the brain of this protein called beta emily, now i don't know how it works, to be honest. okay, what if anything does it for you to explain the lives? if we just explain to our viewers what exactly is beta amyloid and what role does that play? yeah. well, i'm to make it short so and our body produces all kinds of proteins, which are basically the nickel machinery to everything reaching, do all the days, thinking, working, etc. and so these are small building blocks. and so the, i'm a lot of pet fide is a small fragment or such a busy book building globally stalls. but logically, i'm united precursor and so, and a small fragment of america because of his amazon bedtime. you can see there's

a small piece that breaks up what was stolen or overall soak, and that smoke these accumulates in the brain and causes problems there. and as we call them, black. so i'm a lot of baptize the small pieces accumulating a lot of blacks in the brain. and the last, the things in the brain gram, i saw you nodding along a bit when bert was talking about the fact that from his perspective, one of the reasons is it's taken this long to get where we are right now is because the research into alzheimer's has been underfunded. do you think that the results of this clinical trial will spur more funding will? will this fight be better funded going forward? well hopefully because as, as she said, other misses leek cancer is very mainstream. and i'll say moses very, very underfunded and not really spoke about as much is all lower back illnesses out there. and cancer has

a lot of choose to. i'm treatments that is alzheimer's has has had nothing until now. so hopefully this is a start of something that can be spoke a bit more and more awareness is raised to be able to raise more money and funds for future is susan call hossa. of course it early detection of a neuro degenerative disorders. it's crucial for recognizing signs of, of alzheimer's or, or recognizing signs of cognitive decline overall. do you think we're going to see more breakthroughs on this front? i think we have to, we we're now on the present system having our 1st generation of treatments that can flow and disease processes. but there is no good unless we can start to identify and treat people early. we've seen a number of breakthroughs in the field that have been a little bit less high profile than this one over the years, starting to look at different, different and cheaper ways of identifying people who have the pathology in the

brain associated with all howard's disease. so measuring the ability to measure in the blood, for example, build up of amyloid in house. and i think what we really need to do in the field is focus on how we get people diagnosed early into the clinic offer access to drugs when they finally do come through the regulatory process, also get them involved in research thing. this is a once in a lifetime opportunity to take this breakthrough and actually turn it into more discoveries. what happens when we look lower, analyze in the brain? what are the other processes that are growing on how we start to target those? it's important to remember that there are over a 140 different treatments in clinical trials right now for all disease. most of those are not for amyloid. and i think it's probably this era of starting

to think about what we've combination treatments look like. and how would we data the fields that will read a shift to dialogue? we're able to de bar to super. i saw you nodding along to some of what susan was saying there it looked like you wanted to jump in, so please go ahead. oh no, i was just agreeing to be speech 2 speakers i think getting away from that, which is the venture. it's crucial and you want a society said that provo dot ranch and that we are holding are going to talk about it today. but, but this is really essential that the government responsible people started to think how we are going to organize us. because he's just, he's not going to me that he's all of a sudden no people, he dementia anymore. so there will be a small benefit to go and we will have to work hard to get new trucks. i usually make companies to meet with age because people remember that this was a disease for me,

not yours. and then and beginning we didn't really know how to do it and then there was a drug which bore, but not fantastic. and then we got better and better drugs and nowadays week, we have a cute for that for the, for that these are the. so i think that's, that is about that binds brain, we will see now for, for alzheimer's, a value improvements. and so we need to think both about about investing in research investing you cures, and also investing in with care and a good diagnosis. the patients who need to, to start today that in a professional way. and then a last point i also want to make because it is a lot of confusion about dementia and san angelo. so developmentally junky disorders. and so you have all sound which levels of bad consult disease you have also, i mean, i mean, it was the demo, the same principle of, of all disease. so i expect that to see very soon also breakthroughs in these other

areas based on the success maker. and it's very important also to realize that many people reach out diagnoses. sam's have mixed forms of literally duration. so it's not only one process which is going on, but 2 or 3. and so the important to get broader report folio and to do further deep basic research. because that's mutually not mentioned at all. but it's a big research which has made is possible. and is a big research which will make it possible to pin solar, they got this new generation. so that's so important as a message green. we ran a report earlier in the show from my colleague harry faucet and, and he said in his report that if this treatment is approved, it's going to be expensive. it's going to be difficult to administer. patients are going to need blood transfusions as i understand it. twice a month. first of all, from your perspective, how difficult might it be for patients to actually get this treatment when and if it's approved and are you concerned that this treatment is going to be too

expensive to become widely available? yes, so it could cause issues. i mean, from my mom's perspective office, it would be totally honest. and it's, and that kind of any tapes in i am, but even get and to clinics or anywhere to administer the treatment will be very difficult. and the cost of that is already very difficult, as for my care off mom to be able to afford things like that because a lot of caters, are given up their jobs and the, all of them with their parents to look after them. so i don't know where to go to get the money from. ready to or as a government piece call. ready i'd be very expensive, so i don't know whether it get funding fill out, which is why more awareness needs or is raised for it to be able to reach those funds for people. great. may i ask because you have been so public and so open about what it's been like for you and your family to deal with alzheimer's. or if you had been told earlier on in the course of this disease,

that your mother suffering from that that this might have been a viable option. how, how would you have felt to think that you might have been able to get that extra time? i mean, what, what does the potential of this mean for those who are just now hearing about a diagnosis about potentially getting a little bit of extra time with the relative if, if this drug is ultimately approved. yes. as that the employee pays tame as tame has been taken away from us as a family and moments whenever the expedients. so even if it save some payments as time beneath and we had the old men route, definitely look into it and do what we could to get it. i think. but it also was said effects the the say the face could be. ready ready made by the. ready but the positives off, off i struck as it does save time, if it goes what farm we spend more time to go or keep more memories and just have

life events together that may not be able to experience. and we don't know how long each stage last and i'll say much. so like, my mom can't speak very much anymore. so will be laces. even that tainted can back kind of you to be able to speak to me and or who was it? the pathos? susan, cause you heard graham there talk about the fact that there are side effects and experts have already warned about potential side effects from, from this drug. what are some of the side effects? what are some of the concerns going forward? i think the main side effect that many people are concerned about is something called which is welling and or micro leads on the brain. and i think it's really important to note that this drug hasn't been through regulatory approval yet. i think the next step before it becomes more widely available that it needs to go and get regulatory approval. i think regulate in different countries

will look at those side effects in detail and weigh the effectiveness of the drug also the safety profile of the drug and provide some recommendations about or, or even conditions about how it could be used and what monitoring people would need to go through in order to access the drug. but then just to just make a couple of like one of one of the things for people. remember, it's not blood transfusions that people latest infusion, sorry, going to hospital for an hour or 2. i haven't drugged. put on a trip and have to drug it put into your system that way. right. and all or it's fine. it's a very easy mistake. and i think the other thing that people should be aware of each country will have it for deciding how the drug should be given and how much you know, whether, whether it's subsidized or paid for by that countries help. and so those conversations between the company in each of the different countries haven't

started yet, and we don't have any information on exactly what the drug would cost or how it would be administered. but i think it's fair to say that in most countries, certainly in the u. k. the, and i says it's not ready to deliver this drug. and the time is now to get government charity clinicians and people affected by all timers, disease together to work out how we make ready to deliver treatment at large, not just specific treatment. we don't want to lose any time to do that because the research effort has been put in. and we want to make sure people can benefit as quickly as possible. graham, if there's one message you'd, you'd like to give to viewers out there about what, what, what kind of a toll this disease takes on families on, on individuals. what would that be? and it's completely changed and it stills so much from me and,

and i just think a lot of people think message passing, who's very old gets, as opposed to my mom was early onset and becoming younger. so it's something that's become another problem. and the younger, younger on people need to speak more about to be more spoken about and my cell criteria as much as possible because as life changing, it does affect everything. my wife has made me grow very quickly because mom is wrong with it. at my age, it just has a mentor for school tool on you and. ready families can change it. all right, well, we have run out of time, so we're going to have to leave our conversation there. thanks so much. all of our guess, gram sutherland bar to stripper and susan cole house. and thank you for watching. you can see the program again, any time for visiting our website. i'll 0 dot com and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com,

forward slash ha inside story. you can also do the conversation on twitter. our handle is at a g entire story from him. how much german holding here until the ah ah thought

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