chanting to you, thank you very much for the update. lexi o'brien live for us at the watches. ah, you're watching out there and these are the headlines this our, the us president says he's ready to tell me to let me persian if the russian later is willing to end the war in ukraine. turbine was speaking during his papers hit by french president and menu only home. ukrainians is struggling to cope with harsh winter temperatures and amid rather energy blackouts, russian attacks have destroyed large parts of the country's energy infrastructure, leaving millions without power. israel has all the deep rotation of a palestinian french lawyer from occupied east jerusalem fella. hum, laurie has been detained since march without charge or trial. while mcbride has more from the occupied east jerusalem, according to his support as he is being targeted because he is

a high profile individual. and this is these rebels way of trying to scare off if you like. anybody who would advocate on behalf of the palestinians mores wife is in france, she has already been deported. she is that with that children who mores mother is still here in jerusalem. but the expectation is now that he too, will be deported and not to return the company behind a port project. to me, indian state of carola is in court, trying to in protest that have delayed to construction for months. demonstrators have been blocking the site of the multi $1000000.00 project, which is being funded by ashes and richest mat. the army in democratic republic of congo says m. $23.00 rebels have killed 50 civilians in the east and town of k. she shame the group denies responsibility. people have been protesting violence to killings, threaten a cease fire in those cubic province. negotiate had just last weekend. south africa,

main opposition party wants to table a motion of impeachment against president 0, run, oppose them. it comes after an independent panel found president 0 rema poses, may have violated his oath of office. he denies any wrong doing. there has been protest in peru after 4 suspects in the matter of a student were released demonstrated in the southern region. if i could set the prosecutor's office on fire and damaged property, it was the police station was attacked and the united states, south korea and japan are imposing new sanctions on north korean officials and agencies connected to its weapons program. the move follows the launch of a ballistic missile in pyongyang last month. thank you now for inside story. ah,

alger 0 rate with no. a new drug is being touted as a breakthrough to find a cure for alzheimer's. it's the 1st treatment to slow the onset of the degenerative disease, but it's not without risk. so how important is this trial and what will its impact be on millions. this is insightful. ah hello and welcome to the program. i'm how much am john? japanese, and american pharmaceutical companies have published the results of a trial which is being held as a breakthrough in the fight against alzheimer's disease. the data showed how a new drug can significantly slow down cognitive decline in some patients by 27

percent. the 18 month trial involved nearly 2000 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. health experts say one person develops dementia. every 3 seconds alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia. the number of people suffering from the disease is expected to double every 20 years. worldwide. dementia costs are more than a trillion dollars globally, about a 3rd of the u. k. annual g d. p. those figures include direct medical care and social and unpaid costs. and early detection of neuro degenerative disorders is crucial for recognizing signs of alzheimer's or cognitive decline will bring in our guests in a moment. but 1st, this report from harry faucet in london for over 30 years, scientists have tried and failed to design a drug that tackles the cause, not the symptoms of alzheimer's disease. now comes the 1st evidence of real success and antibody infusion that attacks her specific protein in the brain slowing the development of early stage outsiders by around

a quarter. professor john hardy 1st developed the theory of it. we said that this approach might work 30 years ago and you know, if you'd asked me 30 years ago how long it would take, i'd say 5 to 10 years. so for me it's, it seems definitely momentous. i think for patients, it's a real step forward, a real step forward, and it's going to take a couple of years to get it into the system. it's patients like john teeling in the early stages of the disease who stand to benefit the most. john says he felt the ground open up when he was diagnosed. he'd embrace anything that gives him more time with his wife and family. you put him on, you know what you're going to end up like. and you know, there's nothing you can do about it. but you can't worry about it because there's no way you can do someone be accepting of it. the new drug, la can imap inhibits the build up in the brain of a protein called

b to amyloid visible is circled plaques in the brains of alzheimer's patients. nearly $1800.00 patients around the world took part in the study which showed a 27 percent slowed down in the deterioration of their cognitive skills over 18 months. but it's approved. the treatment will be laborious and costly to administer through blood infusions twice a month. and will also require major investment in screening for the disease to catch it sufficiently early. and at the moment we do that through pet scans or drink cerebral spinal fluid testing for from a lumber puncture. and that is we need to broaden access to ways in which we can have access to those kind of test. we also want to see new techniques that are quicker and faster and potentially cheaper. for example, blotter, 30000000 people around the world. subtle without highness in itself, just one form of dementia. much difficult and costly work remains before treatments . that loan cues a widely available, but this is

a hugely significant 1st step. harry will sit al jazeera london. ah. all right, let's go ahead and bring in our guests in glasgow dream sutherland, who uses social media to raise awareness about all timers after his mother was diagnosed. he's also a social media ambassador for all timers, scotland, and live in belgium. dr. bart, this trooper director of the u. k. dementia research institute and in cambridge, susan cole, hoss director of research at alzheimer's research. u. k. a warm welcome to you all and thanks so much for joining us on. and so i story today as susan, cool hoss, let me start with you today. the results that have been released thus far from this clinical trial of the kind of how big a breakthrough is this? this is a historic moment for all 3 years because it's the 1st time that we've actually shown that a drop that you give to people can low cognitive decline. and really what we've been waiting for in the field for many, many years. and it's

a combination of many years of research, patient effort, and people participating in clinical trials as fantastic news for the field show that dimension is simply an enviable corporation. and we're really need to lie to our research u. k. and just call has let me also just follow up with you. i mean, you mentioned that this is showing that it was, that is slowing cognitive decline. this clinical trial found that after 18 months, patients receiving kind of mob decline slower than those taking a placebo. that difference is that enough to be considered a clinic clinically meaningful treatment. we don't really have consensus on that the moment, but there are a couple of big unknown. i think 1st is this, this drug is gives a modest effect. i think it's really important to manage people's expectations on that. but this is a 1st generation drug, and we wouldn't normally see major impact for 1st generation drug. i think the

2nd thing to remember is that for somebody who is developing all timers, disease in the early stages of all our disease was meaningful. could be really different, something that could give people more time when their families live independently. and i think that is not to be understated for a patient community that has waited for decades for treatment. and i think finally, we don't have yet because it's too early, long term day. so whether intervention or early or can actually change the trajectory of the disease later on. those studies of the long term study for reflect that a long term will be really key in determining whether or not we see a fax, much longer than the 18 months that we, we study, se grooms havilland. i saw you nodding along to some of what susan cole house was saying there, and i want to ask you as someone who has very publicly documented the tool that

alzheimers has taken on your mother and on your family. what was your initial reaction when you heard the news about the results of this trial? because it does get some hope for the future for people whose family and loved ones are diagnosed with us disease. because when my mom was diagnosed, there wasn't any hope. so the face kind of sealed at that point, but as i said at least and then that action and graham, how long ago was your mother diagnose and what kind of a told that take finding that out for you and for her and for other members of your family so she was diagnosed over 70 years ago now. and it's been quite slow, but more sped up more recently. and i think the tool has been very, as a, has go to. but mainly i meant to impact because you're, you're watching your loved one. i'm watching my mom a. ready so we feel we in front of me as i hated all the family and friends

watching that happen because there's nothing you can do. ready you feel very was and you know, you need to take care of gushing because there's not a lot of funding in place to help caters and a lot. ready lake, my cell from assess the house in waste to do with thought bart, to super this approach to treating alzheimer's. and this has been in the works as i understand it for over 30 years. why did it take this long and, and what's the difference between this form of treatment and, and other forms of treatment that have been attempted in the past? and that's a big question. you know, so 1st of all, why does it take so long? i think the brain is one of the most difficult, but i think that we all agree that it's a very difficult organ, much more difficult than anything else we study. there's also, it's also very good from environments. so that means it's getting medication in the brain. it's very difficult, but if you really, honestly,

wind has taking so long i think is because if it has hugely being underfunded, overall is yours. and i, and i think that that if you, if you can buy it, for instance, if you'd like cancer where we have seen a lot of progress, i think it's a $15.00 difference. so it just takes much more time to get your money together to do your investigations that do best things. so that's for me to, to reasons. it's a great difficult problem. and it's an understanding things and, and a way org saying and how it compares we dollars. so the genetic proof that i'm the law, it is accumulation in the brain or cause of the related to the disease has been there for many years. but because i was trying, i was trying to tackle it failing. there was a lot of criticism and people started to think that it was not the right way. so it's for scientists like me, are very satisfied buying to see that you are all those years on the right track

than that of be, have each step more is a necessity and you want to achieve something so adamant are there other ways to break into the course of all i think that we need to find other ways to bust those . i mean are blacks because the drug that you have now is far too expensive. if you want to roll out that all over the, for the, for the 55000000 people with dementia, i went down to steve to meet him in 30 years. we need to have it as cheap. so that's the challenge now for the people in this area. and so we can talk about other examples, but also is also characterized by other allegiance, for instance. and the names on those are important, but they only diagnose and there's also a kind of inflammation the brain and you start to understand those of those pathologies better and better. and so usually if you could have now also similar busters, as, as the amino directly has mal,

that would be extremely helpful. and so, and so thus, i am at, but that is a nice thing. now we have a breakthrough. and so it will be much easier now to do, to best new way he said to, to, to go or go this through that you can do something about this disease. and, and bart, the super, i just wanted, drill down on, on something you mention that because you were, you were mentioning this word, amyloid is this new drug, la cannon, mom, it's an antibody. and, and it inhibits the build up in the brain of this protein called beta emily. now i don't know how it works, to be honest. okay, what it is, very easy. explain the law is if we just explain to our viewers what exactly is beta amyloid and what role does that play? yeah, well um to make it short so and our body produces all kinds of proteins which are basically the, the legal machinery to everything reaching do all the days, thinking, working, et cetera. and so these are small building blocks. and so the, i'm

a lot of pet fide is a small fragment or such a busy book building these goals. but logically, i mean like pre cursor. and so, and a small fragment of that, i'm like because of his amazon deadlines, you can see as a small piece that breaks up what was stolen or overall so, and that's more base accumulation to brain and goes problem is there. and that's we go on black, so i mean on the back side is small pieces accumulating bucks and the bread and the things in the dream. i saw you nodding along a bit when bart was talking about the fact that from his perspective, one of the reasons is it's taken this long to get where we are right now is because the research into alzheimer's has been underfunded. do you think that the results of this clinical trial will spur more funding will will this fight be better funded, going forward hopefully, because as she said that this is like concert is betty mainstream. and

i'll say most as betty betty underfunded and not really spoken about as much as all will. but honestly i'm cancer has a lot of cures 2 treatments. it is our team has had, has had nothing until now. so hopefully this is a thought of something that can be spoken about more and more awareness is based to be able. ready to raise more money in funds for the future is this isn't co hossa of course the early detection of neuro degenerative disorders. it's crucial for recognizing signs of, of all timers or, or recognizing signs of cognitive decline overall. do you think we're going to see more breakthroughs on this front? i think we have to do is we're now on the present system having our 1st generation of treatment. they can flow and disease processes, but there is no good unless we can start to identify and treat people early. we've

seen a number of breakthroughs in the field that have been a little bit less high profile than this one over the years, starting to look at different, different and cheaper ways of identifying people who have the pathology in the brain associated with all hours disease. some protein measuring the ability to measure in the blood, for example, build up of amyloid and how and i think what we really need to do in the field is focus on how do we get people diagnosed early into the clinic offer access to drugs when they finally, do come through the regulatory crisis, also get them involved in research thing. once in a lifetime, opportunity to take this breakthrough and actually turn it into more discoveries. what happens when we look lower, analyze in the brain? what are the other processes that are growing on? how can we start to target those?

it's important to remember that there are over a 140 different treatments in clinical trials right now for all of these, most of those are not for amyloid. and i think it's probably this era of starting to think about what would combination treatment look like. and how would we do that as a field that will read a shift to dial over able to de bar to super. i saw you nodding along to some of what susan was saying there, it looks like you wanted to jump in, so please go ahead. oh, no, i just agreed. reach between the 2 speakers. i think getting away from that, which is crucially, you want a society said the dimension, i feel wholly not going to talk a lot about it today. but, but this is really essential that our government responsible people started to think how we are going to organize us. because his journey is not going to me that

all of a sudden, no people, he dementia anymore. so there will be a small benefit to curve and we will have to work hard to get new trucks. i usually get companies to meet with age because people remember that this was a disease for me, not cure center and beginning we didn't really know how to do it. and then there was a drug which war but no fantastic. and then he got better and better drugs and nowadays week we haven't queued for that for the for that these are the. so i think that's, that's about the binds brain we will see now for, for alzheimer's. and we'll see that who improvements. and so we need to think both about about investing in research, investing new cures, and also investing in with care and a good diagnoses of the patients who need to, to start today that in a professional way. and then a last point. i also want to me because it is a lot of confusion about dementia and san angelo,

so developmentally cherokee disorders. and so you have, i'll tell you which levels of butter console disease you have also. i mean, i mean, it was a demo, the same principle of all of disease. so i expect that to see very soon also breakthroughs in these other areas based on the success maker. and it's very important and also to realize that many people reach out diagnoses. sam's have mixed forms of literally duration, so it's not all the one process which is going on, but 2 or 3. and so the important to get to broaden our portfolio and to do further deep basic research. because that's usually not mentioned at all, but it's a big research which has made this possible and is a big research remaining possible to pin solar. they got this little of the generation. so that's really that important as a message green. we ran a report earlier in the show from my colleague harry faucet and, and he said in his report that if this treatment is approved, it's going to be expensive. it's going to be difficult to administer. patients are

going to need blood transfusions as i understand it twice a month. first of all, from your perspective, how difficult might it be for patients to actually get this treatment when and if it's approved and, and are you concerned that this treatment is going to be too expensive to become widely available? yes, so it could cause issues. i mean, from my mom's perspective was it would be to a product and it's that kind of any tapes in i am, but even get them to clinics or anywhere to minister treatment will be very difficult. and the cost of that is already very difficult. as for my care off my mom to be able to afford things like that because a lot of caters, are given up their jobs and the all of you know, with their parents to. ready cast them so i don't know where they're going to get the money from. ready to or as a government people, i will be very expensive, so i don't know whether to get funding fill out, which is why more awareness needs

a res raised for it to be able to use those funds for people. great, may i ask because you have been so public and so open about what it's been like for you and your family to deal with alzheimer's. or if you had been told earlier on in the course of this disease, that your mother suffering from that that this might have been a viable option. how, how would you have felt to think that you might have been able to get that extra time? i mean, what, what does the potential of this mean for those who are just now hearing about a diagnosis about potentially getting a little bit of extra time with a relative if, if this drug is ultimately approved. yes. as that the employee pays team as team has been taken away from us as a family and moment whenever expedients. so even if it saves some payments as tame that we need. and if we had the option then definitely look into it and do what we could to get it, i think. but it also was said effects the the say the face could be. ready made by

the, the positives off, off i struck as it does save time. if it goes what farm we spend more time to get our clean more. nobody's, and just have life events to get all that may not be with the experience. and we don't know how long each stage last and i'll say must so like my mom can't speak very much anymore, should be laces. even the painters can back on you to be able to speak to me and know who was it. the pathos, susan, cause you heard graham there, talk about the fact that there are side effects and experts have already warned about potential side effects from, from this drug. what are some of the side effects? what are some of the concerns going forward? i think the main side effect that many people are concerned about is something called our which is welling and or micro leads on the brain. and i think it's really important to note that this drug hasn't been through regulatory

approval yet. i think the next step before it becomes more widely available that it needs to go and get regulatory approval. and i think regulate in different countries will look at those side effects in detail and way the effectiveness of the drug goals or the safety profile of the drug, and provide some recommendations about or, or even conditions about how it could be used and what monitoring people would need to go through in order to access the drug. but then just to just make a couple of quick, one of one of the things for people to remember, it's not blood transfusions that people latest infusion, sorry, going to hospital for an hour and i haven't drugged, put on a trip and have to drug it, put into your system that way. right. and or it's a very easy when things are right. and i think the other thing that people should

be aware of, of each country will have it for deciding how the drug should be given and how much you know, whether, whether it's off the diets or pay for by that countries help. and so the conversations between the company in each of the different countries haven't started yet, and we don't have any information on exactly what the drug would cost or how it would be administered. but i think it's fair to say that in most countries, certainly in the u. k. b, and i says, it's not ready to deliver this drug. and the time is now to get government charity clinicians and people affected by all timers, disease together to work out how we make ready to deliver treatment at large, not just specific treatment. we don't want to lose any time to do that because the research effort had been put in. and we want to make sure people can benefit as quickly as possible. graham, if there's one message you'd,

you'd like to give to viewers out there about what, what, what kind of a toll this disease takes on families on individuals. what would that be? and it's completely changed, and it stills so much from you. and, and i just think a lot of people think message passing, who's very old gets, as opposed to my mom was early onset and becoming younger. so it's something that's becoming a problem. and the younger, younger on people need to speak more about and be more spoken about. and like myself, try to raise much as possible because as life changing, it does affect everything. my life is made me grow very quickly because my mom is more with it at my age. it just has a. ready mentor for school tool on you and. ready families can change it. all right, well, we have run out of time,

so we're going to have to leave our conversation there. thanks so much. all of our guests. graham sutherland bart, the stripper and susan cole house. and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again any time, but visiting our website, algebra dot com. and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. you can also during the conversation on twitter, our handle is at a g inside story from him, how much german halting here and the ah

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