way past this legislation, this bill will create generational change and it will leave a legacy of better health for our youth. it will reduce hospitalizations and reduce the burden of smoking related illness. it will save thousands of lives and billions for their future health system. ah, this is al jazeera and these are the top stories. the sour 43 migrants attempting to cross the channel are reported to have been rescued from freezing waters off the coast of england. their boat capsized in the channel. at least 3 others are confirmed. did andrew simmons has more from greater london will reported to at least 40 her pin rescued, which is remarkable when you consider how freezing call it is on the u. k. right now, those waters would have been very hard to say to spend any length of time in or

at least 3 people killed us. this is become a real issue. the crossing of the english channel by hundreds of migrants every week of the figures. now, something like 44000 migrants across from france to england. in the past year, the ukrainian president says keeps air defenses have shot down 13 russian drones. russia has destroyed much of ukraine's energy facilities, causing rolling blackouts as winter sits in morocco. support is a flocking to doha. hit the semi final against france. they'll join thousands of fans already in the country have made sure morocco has been one of the best and most loudly supported teams in the tournaments for his government has expanded a state of emergency. as protests spread across the country, supporters of pedro castillo wants him released from jail. he's accused of an

attempted coup and was arrested last week. fidget, prime minister has promised to respect the result of the general election as vote counting gets under way. the contest between 2 former coolers is being seen as a test of the countries democracy. the current prime minister sees power and a 2006 qu, but has gone on to when to election, says rival is a former prime minister who leads to cruise in 1987, mexico has shut down a large migrant camp in the southern state of while harker, the camp was used by thousands of migrants to obtain transit documents to the united states. police and protest is in greece have bought after a routine shot by police last week died and hospital. hundreds of people marched in the boy's home city of to ceylon, nicky. those are the headlines. the news continues here on al jazeera after inside story, which is up next. ah

ah, you as president joe biden is hosting a 3 day summit with african leaders. it comes as china is investing heavily in the continent, and russia is involved in regional conflicts. so what does the us hope to achieve and what's in it for african nations? this is inside story. ah hello there and a warm welcome to the program. i'm laura kyle. you as president joe biden has

invited 49 african heads of state and leaders of the african union to washington d. c. brack obama hosted the 1st such summit 8 years ago. but under donald trump, washington shifted focus to domestic rather than foreign policy. in the interim, china has been expanding its influence on the continent. it's invested in development projects and infrastructure and issued loans. russia to has been active on the diplomatic front and is unofficially involved in a number of military conflicts. the by during the ministration hopes the summit. will we kendall america's relationship with african countries? as momma, jim reports from johannesburg. when american president rock obama hosted african leaders at the 1st us africa summit in 2014, many believed it was a great chance for the united states to strengthen its trade ties with the continent and reaffirm political commitments. but in the end, business opportunities turned mostly into a photo opportunity at

a distribution warehouse in johannesburg for american own company, john deer, which manufacturers, among other things, agricultural equipment, team members are more hopeful about. the 2nd summit is gonna allow dialogue around that opportunities. the benefits that i am currently that, that the companies talented delivering in, in africa. and also most importantly, highlight the challenges to our african di does that our people on the ground, our customers, our families are currently facing the big question. now, just how much can 3 days of meetings accomplish? according to the us state department, south africa is america's biggest trade partner on the continent, with goods worth $21000000000.00 exchange. last year. economists here optimistic about the potential of strengthening that relationship during the summit. they say the market here is ready for more trade with the u. s. they all to warn the south africa will have to tread carefully. that's due mostly to china and to

a lesser degree, russia at a time of great geopolitical tensions between those countries and the united states as part of bricks. a grouping of the major, emerging economies of brazil, russia, india, china, and south africa. the south african government would not want to alienate either be jing or moscow as it seeks, even warmer ties with washington international relations professor gilbert katia gala says during this summit, china will most definitely be the elephant in the room. 10 hours met a lot of inroads in africa, particularly in infrastructure, and engaging with a lot of african countries. china is africa's largest 2 way trading partner in 2021 . that value of trade hit $254000000000.00. and while u. s. president, jo biden's administration is concerned about china's growing footprint in africa. american officials continue to insist were african nations should not be forced to pick sides of the united states will not dictate africans choices

the right to make these choices polasta or diplomatic tightrope to be sure. but one, the u. s. hopes can be navigated. successful mammogram drama does either johannesburg or china as being the constance biggest trading partner for more than a decade. data from bay ging shows goods worth $254000000000.00 were exchanged with african countries last year. that's almost 4 times the value of us trade with the continent, which amounted to $65000000000.00 in 2021. according to the us census bureau, china is by far the biggest investor in africa, followed by the us, france, and take here. ah, let's bring in our guests now and in london. only a catchy one who coordinates at the new african magazine in washington,

d. c. davidson, former us ambassador ethiopia, and the keena foster and a professor at george washington university. and in beijing, ida tank and senior fellow at the tire institute, i'm founder of asia narratives. welcome all of you, david. i thought in washington, d. c. where that summer is going to be guessing underway shortly. what does the us want to achieve from this conference? when it wants to reassert entries, africa, do and find ways for united states can collaborate more closely with africa to try and find ways to increase both foreign, direct investment and trade with africa to do some new things that have not been done in the past. for example, for a greater emphasis on the role of the african, the asked for or the us for us in the united states. they are becoming very

significant communities, even in domestic politics. busy but some of their members being elected to various positions on the us government to engage in a discussion on cooperation in space which is relatively new. ready for the united states to look at the whole question of i'm at change and what united. ready states can do there, so there's a wide variety of topics that the u. s. has in mind and a lot of it will be. busy dictated by the role of the private sector in united states, which is so critical in the if you can, the trade and orange. ready investment area on each other, the cache is the $49.00 countries attending each of course will have its own wish list. but broadly speaking, to these topics, ring true with the leaders of african nations as well as what they're hoping to get from the summit. i think it's always been clear,

part of the reason china is made in the afternoon. so interested infrastructure development. very interested in the kind of transformational change place in china and the last 5060 years. that's really gender, that most of them are going to engage with what they have had in over the last 3040 years from the us. you know, generally sort of structural adjustment lectures on human rights and very little investment infrastructure kind of infrastructure that they've been asking for. and then also a lot of focus on 911 on security or you know, basin and that, and defines again,

sort of business. you know, fundamentalist groups but not on that kind of development agenda that actually creates. busy jobs that transforms economies and actually create the conditions where young people are not be seduced by some of these radical forces. so that's, i think, what the africans once a year, they haven't been here in that very much from the us. i think over the last 3040 years, and it's been very much and it's music that they've been hearing from china. so if you think that's what president bison is aware of this change of tone that is needed at the summit in terms of american investment in africa, it's true that the nature of the investment is different than for example,

china offers, which is primarily loans which have to be paid back for infrastructure projects in the united states by enlarge is out of a loan business. its assistance is primarily in the form of branch. in the last year alone, that is 2022. united states offered $11000000000.00 and you carry an aid to africa and founding some and all of that. ready brand a none of it's known money in terms of foreign direct investment the united states has slipped in recent years. this is. ready well, for the private sector to why i think it would be a major push to try to increase the amount of foreign direct investment in africa. and nevertheless, total american direct investment stock and africa going back over. ready the years, it's just about the same as trainers,

foreign direct investment stock in africa. in recent years, china has provided more flow to africa down the has the united states. but i think the main thing is, is the united states is looking at this is a u. s. africa connection. not what china is doing in africa and trying to combat it. that's not the purpose of this summit. i know david says the us is keen to stress at this summit is no so about competing with china in africa. but of course china paging will nonetheless be watching very closely to see what comes out of it. well hey, i think good david is making is his putting his best foot forward, but a he didn't answer your question, which is does biden understand that he has switched tone? i mean he's, he's at the south american this summer of america's that, that did not go well. it was a bust bosky,

at the same thing with us young that he didn't even bother to meet with the has a safe travels washington. ah, hopefully this will be handle better for 49. countries are coming to compare that with 52 countries were a members of the belt road initiative in africa. so, i mean, there's a, there's a lot of work here. i mean, way, david described it early on was, is, if africa had somewhat just come to the attention of us. africa has been there for a long period of time. it's needs are very well known. i'm surprised that you know, it's food energy, debt relief, health issues. how does africa to belle, you know, how do you get the infrastructure to allow you know, these countries do that? it's fine to say, oh, the private sector will step in. private sector is interested in making dollars. nothing wrong with that, but they're not going to build bridges and long term projects or interest, shorter term, commercial opportunities. so africa is looking for one set of goals,

and right now the u. s. doesn't really have an answer for that, nor does i, nor do i think that biden as the right tone with africa and the by that, i mean, just look recently. well, recently, a couple months ago when blinking was in south africa and saying, i don't want you to have to choose well, 2 days earlier than the rental from the u. u. n. c, u s. investment un had been in the country saying we want you to choose, choose us over china. and blinking was rally dressed down in a very few decatur or by a b minister of the south africa. so, i mean, you can pretend that these games are being played, but in here we all know to try and it is the elephant to ruin us trying to contain trying to contain china. and that's the main thrust. ok. this particular

a band this year david, give you a chance to respond muscles. i just point out that of course, this summit is the 1st off, the 1st one that was ever held 8 years ago, and that is a dangerously long time, isn't it? for the us to have taken it off the ball as the us put it felt of africa. and during that time there's been many other countries who've been stepping in all too quickly to fill the gap that the u. s. has left i think that's a fair criticism. we shouldn't go 8 years. ready before having one of these so much on one of these gatherings, it's important to keep in mind that the american african leader somebody is a very different animal than for example, china's form on china, africa cooperation which meets every 3 years. it's not intended to do the same thing. in fact, our systems of government are so different that it couldn't possibly. ready the

same thing and as a result, so whatever the united states does is going to be far more dependent on the private sector. what the us does is also basically grant based, not loan based. so if you look at african debt today, almost none of that is due to to american loans. it's other countries that are involved in the dat issue the united states is trying to do what. ready to alleviate to the international financial institutions, but the u. s. is basically involved in grant. busy programs, that's why i emphasize $11000000000.00 just this year for your monetary and assistance on your country in the world. you've been approaches that kind of a ok. i will come back to respond to just a moment. i'm aware that we have not heard from on the country for a while. i want to get an idea from you and capture whether many african countries

do feel that they have to choose between china and the us. well i think that is that a, you know, in the context for your crane there's been. busy extra pressure, you're not just with china, but also with russia now. and you know, that's fair enough. each, each country has its own interest in the way it has to rate you know, to achieve those interests. and so the u. s. has it positions on these issues, but the trends also have their own and they don't necessarily show all the sort of interpretation of what's going on in that international route. i did want to just pick up on some of the points that were made. i think in a very there are opportunities for us to get this right

now for me that they just opportunity with something that was a little earlier, which is an increase in the base now with memory, dynamic african diaspora, new african diaspora in, in the u. s. traditionally, a lot of the policies from the you know, sort of was factored through the prism of the old african, the, the historic desperate. so now there's a new sort of complexity with this near the connections on the ground to better able to argue for things that might work. and i think that's a huge opportunity i did with the old historical yes, but i think this could be a game changer. it has. it is a factor that the chinese do not have, you know,

over the last 2030 years, i've been astonished out of my day job is to work with an organization go to fort worth, to mobilize, use it for development. not been astonished at how little that has been amplified or harnessed all real productive outcomes. so the thought that it's been mentioned, this round, i think is good. it could be a game changer, but fundamentally, to go back to your issue about choices. i just think that we are in a very different place globally and all of us have to work as a new bargain with each other. i know it's trying to limited and was it can offer africa limited to funding infrastructure projects, providing money and providing infrastructure and trade routes. i bring up the trade with if that makes sense of offering to the african continent.

no, not at all. i mean a, you're seeing in north africa and also in the middle east, china is trying to develop the spells road initiative, goes beyond simply establishing routes for you know, 2 way trade. what it really does is tries to take a lot of the elements that were profitable in the past in china, due to a labor dividend and push them further out, whether it's in or africa and south america. china has an immense market. i mentioned age and obviously as it's economy climbs up into higher into tertiary territory, it's not going to have the same advantages it did when it started out 40 years ago . but i just wanted a quick rhetoric to david's point. and as this year, china forgave

a bunch of no interest loans because these countries in africa will not be able to back. and that was literally double over $22000000000.00 worth of loans and things like that. so this idea to us of standing tall and making sure africa, africa well, that has been the case. why hasn't worked. there is damn be some lawyer many years ago wrote a book called debt 8. and it basically had a rough correlation that the amount of money that is given to africa countries doesn't necessarily become more independent or to grow their gdp is higher. so, you know, at this juncture, china is not basing. it's not asking anybody to choose, and this goes back to your question, what just just trying to ask offer. china is trying to be inclusive. they believe that trade is necessary, that making nations stronger, especially those that it is involved with economically key creating stability,

creating larger mil classes. larger markets is a rising tide that floats ships so that that's the approach that they have. this is what she's thinking is always talking about, and she's often drilled by for this idea that there should be a shared future from kind of david. one of the problems with the grants that you talk about the us offering is it does come with they do come with conditions don't they that come with conditions of human levels of human rights, sudden levels of democracy or governance. and this is often seen as quite patronized thing for a lot of african nations who would rather not have those conditions imposed on them . do you think the by them ministration recognizes that and is willing to move away from that terms of engagement? first it's important to understand that us humanitarian aid does not come with conditions. it goes. ready to all countries on the continent that are in need of it . we had huge amounts of age going into sudan for example,

every time that we had sanctions on down. so that's a huge exception. it is true that. ready ready some nationality involved with develop an assistance on the united states. sounds fairly significant development aid bring in. ready africa also we often hear about china has no. ready conditionality attached to it said it's true, it does not have. ready conditionality attached to human rights. ready issues are western style, democratization. but if you look at the economic legs ties to chinese a, there is conditionality you get a chinese loan, you must have hire a chinese. ready company for the purpose of the law for the construction project and use predominantly chinese materials are those there's a lot of sort of looking aside and making this comparison on conditionality. i would also add that on, on the trade side,

it's fine true that china has significantly more trade with africa 9 in states across the united states in 2009 as the. ready busy a partner, but most of that is chinese exports going to africa, leaving a trade deficit for africa. us trade is considerably smaller, but it is, it has a trade deficit with africa. so african. ready the primary beneficiary in terms of balance with ok on the couch. here we go. time for one more plane to which i will give to you won't, does africa have to offer? why is that of such interest to global play as well? by the end of the century, and if we maintain the current trajectory africa will that will have one in for the progress of the population of the world. so it's going to be a site for interest for markets. and it's

what happens in africa will impact europe and everywhere else, if it goes wrong, it could, it could go very badly wrong. everybody else, if it goes right, it would be a huge market for everybody else as well. so because important, and as i said, the key thing is for us, you know, we've talked about what's in the interest of the chinese was in the interest of americans. i think we need to focus on what's in the interest of africans. africa has had a terrible last 400 years that needs to be really replayed. you know, what my colleague in washington was talking about the for the americans provide grants just we understand that. we also understand that some of the international land agencies that are controlled by america. busy also the

other culture which can benefit american private companies. and so all of this is part of what we need to look at. ok. all right, and what do we have run out of time? i do have to finish our discussion that but thank you very much. for taking the time to join us on a catch one bu davidson, and i'm a time again and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website, that's al serra dot com and have a discussion to go to a facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. you can also do any compensation on twitter, handle it as a inside story from me laura kyle and the whole team here. it's bye for now.

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