as we have drama, we have so is this natural that's, you know, would want to do films. if you look at how the current industry developed, it was just about volume people just kept creatine and create and people loft, entertainment. people want to watch. you have a lot of filmmakers as well now who want it to be standard, like we wanted to go places we wanted to have, you know, to, to have the proper structure. but then we also have few makers who think that or who want our friends to cross, you know, to the tilt. so the global or north and you know, for the war to see because we now need the, the exposure. we need the film industry to be developed to that will have, you know, people can actually get paid and be able to leave off their earning, asked creators, for me, my hopes and dreams for my career in the industry would be that festival. to tell stories. they're very, you know, genuine, to me. it's very important for me to tell stories, i feel it to be seen by the world. ah,

this is officer and these are top stories now. french police are fired tear gas out of demonstration, organized by kurdish activists and anti racism groups. thousands of people are running against the shooting of 3 people at the kurdish cultural center in paris on friday. so i think i've had reports from paris. you've been seeing those dramatic pictures coming from this avenue where behind this is the republic square where protesters have been trying to come to words and i can show you on the other side, there is a police presence which has been able to push them back to words republic square from the steel square and they're telling the protesters to stay on that and. and as you can see on this road, there is just plenty of debris, a burn the cars, trash cans. at least 5 people have been killed in a russian strike. and southern ukraine. 20 others were wounded in the attack in her

son and sissy was retaken by ukrainian troops last month. a major setback that russia suffered in its war against ukraine. millions of north americans are under severe weather warnings as an arctic blast enveloped large swathes of the u. s. from canada. flights had been cancelled. roads are blocked by snow and power outages have been reported. a gas tanker has exploded in the south african city of box berg leaving 8 people dead. emergency services are at the scene and say, a fire fighter is among several people who are injured. the cause of the explosion is not yet clear. report by ethiopian investigators has blamed a software failure for the crash of the boeing 737 max plane in 20. 19 a 157 people were killed when the ethiopian airlines jet crashed minutes off to take off from addis ababa. the findings correspond with previous investigations. thousands of supporters of india's main opposition party marched into the capital,

new delhi. the congress party has been leading them across the country since september to regain popularity and city venue. around boca has been confirmed. as fiji is new prime minister, ending days of political deadlock parliament, now the voted in favor of the former cou leader after an inconclusive election earlier this month. or those are the headlines who's continues here in al jazeera, as after upfront and talked to al jazeera. we also do you believe that women of afghanistan was somehow abandoned by the international community? we listen, we have a huge price for the war against terrorism as going to money. we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that matter on al jazeera french economists thomas picket. t is one of the world's leading voices on any quality. as most indicators continue to show the gap between the rich and the rest getting bigger tickets, his latest book, a brief history of equality, seems to strike

a more optimistic note. so can we say a future with less rather than more inequality in an up front special asked renown economist than author thomas picket thomas picket. he thank you so much for joining us on up front. yes, so, so inviting your latest book is a fascinating one. it's called a brief history of equality and one of the things that stood out to me is that it's rather optimistic. you say that we as a society are on a long term journey toward equality. at the same time, you acknowledge that inequality exists at what you call intolerable levels. but you also say that the path toward a more equal world is not a clean and neat one. it's not a linear one, but that we go through phases of regression in what you call ident, a, terry and intro version. what does that mean? weight means that you know, things are not always as simple as we would like them to leave it. i really want to

stress, you know, as you said, you received a mention of this book because, you know, in this book, a brief history of equation. you know, 1st i have tried to be, you know, shorter and more accessible than my previous book. it went to just centering, kept it, and your g, which are easy to read. it's just a, it's like $2260.00 benji. can you read in your we can also, and i try to synthesize you to what we have learned from that, you know, compared to international research program and a, since, you know, the 18th century and key conclusion, which i, you know, try to clarify. maybe was not sufficiently clear in my previous book that in the long run, we indeed a very good movement to, well going to court like what it was indication to some extent the agenda.

like what do you wish to request? you know, of course, in all of these dimensions there is to, to, to do that as compared to, you know, where we, where 2 centuries ago, one, some, 3 ago i, i really want to stress that through a sequence of major core comes from mission core transformation sure, sure you go get sure. it all comes from mission. we have moved to a world that you both really cool and more prosperous and in the long run, you know, rise of mo, an economy pretty quick. what it is. absolutely, you know, impossible to separate from the rise of them gross madame economy prosperity. but you say that you say that it's not as simple. you say that it's not as simple as we would like. and it seems to me that one of the ways that it's not that simple is that there are these periods of regression of retrenchment. there are these step backs talking about that. yeah, well, i'm going to talk to you about that. but,

you know, i want to stress that indeed it's not simple, but in the end, in general, that's what that's always been complicated. so just let me take an example. you know the process to, well, no, i quoted g a very much at the end of the 18th century with a very still question during the french revolution. and also, you know, the slave record in santa mind, which is the 1st major success slavery in the story. and you know, to beginning of the end of slave and put on your society now is the process, you know, the end of communities and the end of it, not most wish jordan equality as continued in the 19th century. it was the final abolition of slavery. those arise of voting rights arises, you need to refresh and he's for man, then continue to use or 21st century was the rise of a independence of,

you know, countries that were produced a rise, a social security progressive taxation. and it continues today with, you know, 2 movements of direct life and you know, what, what is example come on is that, you know, it's never been seen before. and it's, it's always been a complicated, pretty good process emerging. but if you could show source triggers, so you know, it's a fact that it's not important today. and that's the phase of regression. and that it's complicated. it's always been like that. but in the end, in the end, you know, the world is moving in this direction to, well my quote g and you know that she message from the book is that people will say that she's going to stop there and that we cannot make any. and we'll move to, i'm going to, it means a conservative view of the world as always. ok,

we've made progress, but you know, now that's, you know, no, i mean, you don't want more equity. gee, we've done already so much. we are not going to go back to where sucrose, you are not going to go back to slavery. i'm not going to go back when there was no social security, but that's enough. this is not going to continue when in fact this is going to continue. this is not going to be easy. it's never been easy. trillion, right? you know, in almost political mobilization just like in the past, but you know, in the end, this is a long run. so for demand, so i quite g as that is inseparable from what i mean in general. and you know, i think especially at a time today where indeed we see read risha and caesar were in ukraine receipt in the most or research tribulation schools are there are lots of programs, but i think it's also important to bring. i have a question, i have a question about the sage, you know, you know,

i have to think of absolutely not to not have of course i had a question about those problems that you raise. and i'm, i was thinking specifically about trump, ism, i was thinking about breaks it in the u. k. of course, the rise of nationalism in india. all as examples are these, the kind of moments that you would refer to as the regression was still in the long trek toward equality. but these are the, this is the one step back we take. we take the 2 steps forward, yet knows the south dakota regression indeed. but you know what i want to stress this regressions and you could also mention in europe a country. and france, of course shows a very strong, a pretty good, i think, to a large extent with you as in europe. and yet, you know, this is a consequence of the fact that we are start thinking about a different economic system and moving to well more inclusive and again talent. and

to start thinking about changing the economy system and then people are for 20 such a year. there is only one economy course that you cannot change it that go down months. they just have to accept, you know, the only one way of dealing with the program. and the only thing that government can do is to control zabel and identity. then of course, you know, 20 years later, also to your particular conversations about the control and identity that you know, she's confronted by the fact that we start thinking about transforming sequences that so this is what i'm trying to bring back in the conversation. because if you look at the 19th century of the 20th century, you know, the rise of social security, the rise of, of progressive taxation on the rise of more cool political rights, both within countries as well

a just like this where pipe. and this is also what brought the chief movie dish and you know, with a name of yes or object and in the name of construction, that's a challenge. that taxi stand the 1st even if you don't have anymore the all of you . you get said he's got from the early tomorrow for sure in the can we get qualities and he's when identity gets back, one of the things you've laid out is a kind of big picture, long term analysis of equality, right. you said that over centuries equality has increase in, in one of the best indices of equate equality. growing is the economy. but when we look on a shorter term basis, that is to say 2 decades rather than 2 centuries. we see the gap between those who

have in those who don't between the rich and the poor going the other way. is there reason to believe that that trend will be reversed? why would we believe that that trend will be reversed in and go along parallel with the rest of history. where social 400 damen, chums of a quarter, gee, where we continue to make progress in the past 20 searches. if you look at gender recorded jewelry shortly, quarter g, i mean it's not at the situations you know, such a yellow going to work for sure. but i'm just saying, as i said about economic equality. yeah. yeah, no for sure. but that's, that's part of it. now, when it comes to monetary ecology of income in west, i mean you are right, we have moved in. and what i consider was a good direction in research. but you know, james are wrong. we have more in the right direction. so just let me take some example, you know, if you think of conversation we had last year about the minimum tax on corporations

as well. never, you know, i think it's not, you know, is there are lots of problems with it. but, you know, you know, to conversations that were, i mean, 10 years ago, if you think of, you know, in the presidential campaign in the united states, in 2020, you know, you had to come today for the democratic party a sunday. and together they were, i mean almost out of, out of democratic primary. and in fact, most on a l, as a young good looking, just a very young children that go to, you know, 50 the other didn't measure it just took on the dates were proposing to introduce, you know, progressive when stacks. a new or text friend up to 510 best on the, on the, you know, you know, something. i wasn't a french just hunter in 2014, but i can tell you at that time i remember i had a discussion with her and she told me, wow,

that's too much what you know in 2020, she was competing with who was going to propose that yes. was that so? ok. i know this, we didn't, we were not implemented but you know, i think you can see that discussions changing. so at some point, you know, you have to make the richest people pay more taxes or no, it was always you get the story. you know, we've seen already, situation raises missouri, you know, after world war 2, we are huge probably better than today. and in every country, you know, you had to take a sky will fall, but sir, the sky will fall is what the rich tell us. they say that if we pay more taxes, we will stop experimenting. we'll stop investing will stop creating jobs. yeah. and the entire world will collapse. yeah, of course. but you know, this is already with the store credit. we're saying in front of a reach, we're saying 1925. i mentioned certain ones,

income tax was created and when i did say, you know, the good thing is that we have to serve. and we have research in, you know, the story course and social science and science. so that we, we actually some not actual concrete knowledge about the story corps experience it . and what we've seen run, let me repeat again that when we went for a quality in particular, or your next session under reach, in fact, not only good that's but he's what led to even more prosperity, the counsel of prosperity, east product education, and you don't want just us more, any kids you want, the broader bottles are pretty sure, and this is what made the u. s. and economy in the 20th century, us compare them to return what very certified and quote, if you didn't receive them for a g, u. s. were as a country, we are much more you get sort of the difference is that,

so this is the effect on that one to become rich and cetera truly need extremely required. so again, let me say, i'm not saying you won't complete it. what if i compare, you know, countries over time, you know, i think, you know, maybe you need a when to fight. in some cases we couldn't, you know, some people who say went to 20, but in any case, you know, went to 101 to 200. those are kind of in almost gaps that we have today. you know, it's when you compare countries over time, it's just not useful. so yeah, those are cheaper prosperity is to have always more liquidity simply does not as a test of history. and i think, you know, especially making a thing of history. i'm thinking of history, one of the things that you also talk about is how change is often accelerated through these kind of a crises, the kind of moments in history that accelerate chain, you know, we're one world war 2, et cetera. do you think it would take something of that scale,

a cataclysm of that nature to reverse or, or shrink inequality at this juncture in history? why no, i don't see necessary. i think what we need mostly positive quality relation, you know, whether it's been successful in story. a transform mission we done with just some train was one of the country in europe, is increasingly but it's your system where you've been corporations as a right to vote in support and action for them. and you know, you know, which is something that you had mentioned national today when they're asking whether this was 390. and then, would you be sure the trade union will be a social democratic vision as a social democratic party to go online to talk to joe and put the state, give us your freedom to the service for a completely different branch for a project you're using or is this information about income in west look to

distribute more g right to the west, but to make that a progressive back so that your base or when you get a system for or, and her system for which you know is not perfect. we've seen recently, but yet, you know, it's better and everything else we have seen before. so you have to transform missionaries, quickie missions from new forms of political parties, political movement. you know, let's go carefully at the story. what's what, you know, that one of the rest of the punch assumption is what matters. you know, new political organization. we've got to keep going to up know, equations. and number 2, you know, the, a competition between monday. so you know that the existence of communities come down are going to print your century. second, just some of the wisdom to accept in the end, you are still notified, some submissions or sources, but she doesn't want to work that way in the future. i think it was

a competition with china and clay to some extent, as you know, roland, you know very much that wisdom countries in particular, realize that, you know, you don't offer to the global. so she, the bitter economy, she said, and in particular, is it don't share the worse is it don't share, you know, a few school resources. you know, we were referring you to discussion a bunch of money tax on merchant nurse programs that grow or so i was didn't get into it just again, 3 countries and so so, so not to, to split the resources of the tree, then another one of your key argument is how global inequality is intrinsically linked to colonialism and how there is a collective responsibility in the west and western european countries. in particular. to address this past, have you seen any indications that those in power in countries like france, the united kingdom, spain or belgium, are ready to engage with that pass in any kind of meaningful way?

i think they will, i really don't just because, you know, if they don't do it, then you know, china, we gain so much and you who are in the service and that's already what's up any, you know, by financing your fracture, invest, manages, or so. so if you don't countries, we asked to change a course of action. you know, i think that just started to realize that to, you know, remember that increase the poor in particular, variations of 2015 are claim it varies. countries are not promise countries or so since we put more money into another the show charge in order to adapt to the consequences of treatment change, which is largely due to the insurance, a bus to her sanctions. your problem, of course, as you rightly point out, that you know, wisdom countries, you know, do not comply with their own promise. and you know, it never happens. right? and i think you know, the next step and would be i think the next step in the discussion does that look,

you cannot then tell people in brazil, i don't do business. you rush. i don't do business with china, but you had the same time. you are not proposing because in western countries are very critical and i think, you know, they want to get some leverage in world politics. you know, they will have to change attitudes because, you know, after or rich countries will not exist. you know, rizoto countries and we don't the system of division of labor and global exploitation of natural resources. human resources, sometimes they're very ordinary mystery as we, as we all know and you know, order richest equipment in the world today. a letter on that point of 1000000000. you also talk about electoral democracy's being co opted by the rich . ah, who obviously are opposed to any kind of re distributive economic policy or social

policy. do you view that as the biggest obstacle toward the kind of real fundamental progress that, that, that's possible. it's a, it's a, you know, it's a big problem because i think one day, you know, when we look at what we call to the democracy, you know, maybe year around just when we look at this, when we say, well, no, i wasn't democracy but you know, system, where's a rich can put so much money to purchase a new job? you know, a big influence was not, you know, it's not real democracy will say that we are democracy. you know, you should, every citizen should have the same a democracy, give a chance to pay for political parties, principal complaint, so that everybody has equal influence. and you can really equal a nation gradually. you know, he's wet and you know, we would realize that. ready sees what they were christian should be. so know,

this is not what we are and you need to be program. but again, this was already the program. you know, i did a search in windsor income tax was created as united states, and yet, you know, the quality revision i was younger than i guess its proxy. so i, you know, i really want to stress, it's always good, but it's always, you know, in the end, in order to, to move in the right direction. one of the things that you have to think about differently is this idea that rich countries are helping poor countries through age and public assistance. you say that that idea is somewhat distorted, and that in fact, rich countries are continuing to profit off of poor countries. can you explain what you mean by that? well, what i mean by that is simply the outflow of profits and you don't get to don't go outside of what countries and going to the nurse or to the credit or not. it's

actually an inflow of you. sure. but i think we need to have a complete view of the transfer around and more generally, you know, rich countries will not be rich today. we don't, you know, it's a good explanation of resources that i've talked to centers and last week, i think today, you know, when i hear, you know, rich countries will say was as a refugee crazy, a neighboring countries should take care of that. ok, but when's a summer? you know, she's awesome. you on yeah, yeah. and friends or needs to go on you know, you know the western countries next monday then it stands. i was on gym. it was a way to get a kind of like go crazy, talking to them. and i think the solution we get that at some point is that there was just the most prosperous it couldn't actor in the world. so i'm not talking to

citizens in which countries are, was just going to get in the know, because these are not just rich nationals. and so we're just give you the, we have to pay, you know, we have to be distributed to all countries, you know, in a traditional and in proportion. maybe it was an exposure to climate change and, and, and, you know, global warming and, you know, at some point, you know, i think it would just be acceptable to see, year after year rich countries, you know, not respecting what they're said about putting more money in addition, i think the only solution is to get to an automatic mechanism. you know, you don't have to renegotiate and to bag. you, please, can you, let's, let's think it cannot work for you don't. so the solution is simple. you know, technically we started last year,

it was the discretion tax of cooperation. so it shows that these can be done. the only difference with the difference is that part of the tax revenue and merge national is and you know, they're most distributed, not only the north, but also 2 countries in the south. so you know, it's not the world as new. don't be as rich, we've never been quite as richly just a question of organization and getting better organized. so as to, you know, as clear, the worse shows or worse, you know, where that is consistent with our own off you short principal, you know, our own correct. you shall receive calls are equal to your from, you know, the right to the brook man's right dish. and the right to, but when are we going to make this abstract principle a reality? and what you know, the miss so they propose is reggie soup. all you know, let's look at what happens with us. let's see. you know, all the different missions arise of social security is

a rise of progress technicians, the 20th century. and let's try to publish it further as the international scale. and then even more ambitious manner also also changed. so i must say you are perhaps the most hopeful of optimistic economists that i have ever met. your analysis is welcomed with for your time here on up front. thank you so much. center . in depth analysis of the days headlines from around the world, whatever the deed was offered to them, they have to sign because if they didn't they wouldn't get in frank assessments. do you think diplomacy still stands a chance? i'm not very up to about any kind of negotiation informed opinions. everybody tweets. everybody's on tick, tock, tick, tock doesn't vote. you have them for

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