steer was much better than this year last year. i had a lot of work on the ariba lives in the north of for palestine like the people who lives in nazareth and to be around these people. they get came to buy in the game in big numbers called the borders were closed. ah, out of the $900.00 palestinian christians in gaza is radia for it is only granted $600.00 of them permits to leave to bethlehem a 3 year. one person will be granted a permit, but 2 others of the same family won't. they always leave some one out. so what happens is that the family ends up not traveling with more than $220.00 palestinians killed by his ready forces this year. palestinians are reminded that theory mean under israel's occupation. here say they tried to seek any opportunity to celebrate they live under israel's military occupation until as they don't have much to do. but to pray for peace. deborah, him al jazeera the occupied westbank.

ah, don't forget check the headlines here on al jazeera, this a dozen people have been killed in blinding blizzards and life threatening temperatures. gripping large parts of the united states. more than 1700000 ohms are without power. thousands of flights have been cancelled out 0 shower baton. she has more now from washington, dc across the u. s. and certainly from pennsylvania to florida. they've been told to expect the coldest christmas in recorded in recorded history the main film. now there is in areas where governor local was speaking from, for example, upstate new york, buffalo bigler falls the great lakes region that's, that's the area where the snow and the wind is still pummeling pummeling the area people are trapped inside their houses. and christy is out around the country with

villages because we have over a 1000000 people, a 1000000 households are without power right now. at least 10 people have been killed by russians. shelling in the southern ukrainian city of harrison president vladimir zalinski accused moscow of killing for pleasure, ukrainian troops. we took the city last month and the major set up for russia. a gas tanker has exploded near the sun african city, a box berg killing 10 people and leaving several others critically injured. emergency services say they are investigating the blast. it cause widespread damage to a residential area. there's been a 2nd day of unrest in the french capital after the fatal shooting of 3 people at a kurdish cultural center. police fought with protested, who accused security forces. i'm not doing enough to prevent the attack. some demonstrators wanted to be declared a terrorist incident. security forces in western afghanistan have use water cannon to disperse women, protesting against the ban on female students at universities came on the same day

. the taliban government bound women from working for 8 agencies. it says some workers went following strict dress codes. and pope frances as warned of the consequences of greed during a christmas eve mass, head of the roman catholic church, says the weak and vulnerable victims of the pursuit of wealth and power. $7000.00 people attended the service at saint peter's basilica at the vatican. so those are the headlines and his continues. he and al jazeera after upfront staging, thanks a lot bye for now. progress or a serious mistake. artificial intelligence is slowly invading every aspect of our lives. but very few of us really understand its capabilities. for better or worse, al jazeera, explore the impact of a i accessing vast amounts of our personal data. data land on al

jazeera, french economists. thomas peggotty is one of the world's leading voices on any quality. as most indicators continue to show the gap between the rich and the rest getting bigger records, his latest book, a brief history of equality, seems to strike a more optimistic note. so can we say a future with less rather than more inequality in an up front special asked renown economist then author thomas picket thomas picket. he thank you so much for joining us on up front. yes, so, so inviting your latest book is a fascinating one. it's called a brief history of equality and one of the things that stood out to me is that it's rather optimistic if you say that we as a society are on a long term journey toward equality. at the same time, you acknowledge that any quality exists at what you call intolerable levels. but you also say that the path toward a more equal world is not

a clean and neat one is not a linear one, but that we go through phases of regression and what you call ident a. terry, an intro version. oh, what does that mean? weight means that, you know, things are not always as simple as we would like them to leave it. i really want to stress, you know, as you said, you know, these dimension of this book because, you know, in this book, a brief history of the equation, you know, 1st i have tried to be, you know, shorter and more accessible in my previous book, go to 21st century and get to your g, which are easy to read it a, you know, it's like 20260 been, can you read in your weekend or should i try to synthesize you to what we have learned from that, you know, compared to international research program and a g. since you know, the 18th century and conclusion, which i, you know, try to clarify,

maybe was not sufficiently clear in my previous book that in the long run we indeed a very good movement to, well, it could go and it was a some extent agenda. like what you wish would equate, you know, of course, in all of these dimensions there is to do. but as compared to, you know, where we, where 2 centuries ago, one, some, 3 go i, i really want to stress that through a sequence of major core transform mission, core transformation. sure, sure. you go get an order in it all comes from mission. we have moved to a world that you most more we quote and more prosperous and in the long run, you know, rise of mo, an economy pretty quickly is absolutely, you know, impossible to separate from the rise of them gross madame economy prosperity. but

you say that you saying it's not as simple, you say that it's not as simple as we would like. and it seems to me that one of the ways that it's not that simple is that there are these periods of regression of retrenchment. there are these step backs talking about that. yeah, well, i'm going to talk to you about that, but you know, i want to stress that indeed it's not simple, but in the end, in general, does what it does always been complicated. so just let me take an example, you know, the process to, well, no, a quality stocks very much at the end of the 18th century was, you know, a question during the french revolution. and also, you know, as a slave record in some to mind, which is the 1st major success slave regarding the story. and, you know, the beginning of the end of slave and quote on your society. now the process, you know, the end of the g and the end of in, not most really short inequality as continued in the 19th century. it was the final

abolition of slavery. as a riser vote she rides the rise of yes, source refresh. and he's for man, then continue to the 21st century, was the rise of a source of fragile independence of you know, countries that were produced a rise of social security progress. and it continues today with, you know, the 2 movements of direct light on. and you know what, what is example come on is that, you know, it's never been seen before. and it's, it's always been a complicated, pretty good process encouraging. but if you could show source triggers. so you know the fact that it's not important today. and that's where the phase of regression and that it's complicated. it's always been like that. but in the end, in the end, you know, the world is moving in this direction to well,

more equality. and you know that she message from the book is that people will say that she's going to stop there and that we cannot make any. and we'll move to, i'm going to what it means or conservative view of the world as always. ok, we've made progress, but you know, that was that's, you know, you know, i mean, you don't want like, what we've done already so much. not going to go back to where sucrose, you know, going to go back to slavery. i'm not going to go back when there was no social security, but that's enough. this is not going to continue. well, in fact, this is going to continue. this is not going to be easy. it's never been easy treating, you know, in almost a zisha just like in the past, but, you know, in the end, this is a long run. so for the man, so i quite g as that, he's inseparable from what i mean in general. and you know, i think especially at a time today where indeed we see read risha and caesar were in ukraine. we see in

the most are resorts, relations are there are lots of programs, but i think it's also important to bring. i have a question, i have a question about the sage, you know, you know, so i have to think of absolutely not because i have a course i had a question about those problems that you raise. and i'm, i was thinking specifically about trump, ism, i was thinking about breaks it in the u. k. of course, the rise of nationalism in india. all as examples are these, the kind of moments that you would refer to as the regression. we're still in the long trek toward equality, but these are the, this is the one step back we take. we take 2 steps forward, yet knows the south dakota regression indeed. but you know what i want to stress this regressions, and you could also mention, you know, in europe a very strong, a pretty good, i think, to

a large extent with in europe. and yet, you know, this is a consequence of the fact that we have stop thinking about 2 different economic systems and moving to well more inclusive and again talent. and to start thinking about changing the economy system and then people are for 20 years such that there is only one economy course that you cannot change it that go down months that just asked to accept, you know, the only one way of dealing with the program and the only things that government can do is to control zabel and identity. then of course, you know, 20 years later, also to your particular conversations about border control and identity that, you know, this is confronted by the fact that we have stopped thinking about transforming sequences. so this is what i'm trying to bring back in the conversation. because if

you look at the 19th century of the 20th century, you know the. busy rise of social security, the rise of, of progressive taxation on the rise of political rights both, you know, with countries as well a just like this where pipe and this is also what brought the chief movie dish and you know, with a name of yes or object and in the name of contract, that's a challenge. and that's the stand the 1st, even if you don't have anymore the offer, you get cut from early tomorrow for sure in the can we get qualities. and he's, when identity gets back, one of the things you've laid out is a kind of big picture, long term analysis of equality, right?

you said that over centuries equality has increase in, in one of the best indices of equate equality. growing is the economy. but when we look on a shorter term basis, that is to say 2 decades rather than 2 centuries. we see the gap between those who have in those who don't between the rich and the poor going the other way. is there reason to believe that that trend will be reversed? why would we believe that that trend will be reversed in and go along. parallel with the rest of history. where 1st afforded was era dimensions of a quarter g, where we continue to make progress in the past 20. so if you look at gender recorded your reassuring recorded g means note that the situations you know, such a you're going to work for sure. but i'm just saying, as i said about economic equality. yeah. yeah, no for sure. but that's, that's part of social media. what is it now when it comes to monetary ecology of

income in west, i mean you are right. we have moved in. and what i consider was a good direction in recent case, but just change or we have more in the right direction. so just let me take some example general if you think of conversation we had last year about a minimum tax on corporations as a well never, you know, i think it's not enough. is there are lots of problems with it. but, you know, you know, to conversations that were, i mean, 10 years ago, if you think of, you know, in the presidential campaign in the united states, in 2020, you know, you had to come today for the democratic party and on sunday and together they were i mean, almost out of versions of democratic primary and in fact, most of our phones are going to look at the hotels as a young good looking just a very young children thought of, you know, 50. the other didn't measure it just took on the dates were proposing to introduce, you know,

progressive when stacks and billionaire and your tech spread up to 510 best, some young be, you know, you know, this is something i was advocating booked during the french just center in 2014 but i can tell you as a time i remember. busy discussion was it was done and she told me, wow, that's too much where, you know, in 2020 she was competing with who was going to propose that yes. was that so? ok. i know we didn't, we are not implemented. but you know, i think you can see that the discussion is changing. so at some point, you know, you have to make the richest people pay more taxes just no other way. you look at the story, you know, we've seen already, situation raises missouri, you know, after world war 2, we had a huge problem that you're in today. and in every country, you know, you have to take, a sky will fall, but the sky will fall is what the rich tell us. they say that if we pay more taxes, we will stop experimenting. we'll stop investing will stop creating jobs. and the

entire world will collapse, of course, but you know, this is already was yours to cross. we're saying in front of a reach where saying 1925. i mentioned justin one's income tax was created as united states. you know, the good thing is that we have to start and we have research in, you know, the story course and social science and science so that we, we treat, i'm not actual concrete knowledge about the story corps experience of it. and what we've seen wrong, let me repeat again that when we went for more acreage in particular, or your next issue under reach, in fact, not only the current products, but he's what led to even more prosperity of prosperity, ease productivity education. and you don't want just this more any indicates you want, the broader population and this is what made the u. s. and economy in the 20th

century, us compare them to return to work. very stratified in the quote. if you didn't receive them for a g, u. s, as a country, we are much more, you know, sort of the system. so this is the effect on that one to become rich. and it's actually truly need extremely liquidity. so again, let me say, i'm not saying you won't complete it. what if i compare, you know, countries over time, you know, i think, you know, maybe you need an income get a when to fight in some cases where, you know, some people say one to 20, but in any case, you know, went 21012200000 kind of in almost you can guess that we have today. you know, it's when you compare countries over that, it's just not useful. so yeah. then you're to prosperity is to have always more liquidity, simply does not pass the test of eastern and i think you're speaking of thing of

history, i'm showing of history. one of the things that you also talk about is how change is often accelerated through these kind of a crises, the kind of moments in history that accelerate chain, you know, we're one world war 2, et cetera. do you think it would take something of that scale, a cataclysm of that nature to reverse our or shrink inequality at this juncture in history? well, no, i don't see necessarily, i think what we need mostly with, you know, whether been successful in story a transform mission of sweden, which is the early 20th century with a country in europe is increasingly pretty good system where even corporations as a right to vote for an action, for me, you know, which is something that you energy, national today, they're asking whether this was a and then vision, the trade union with social democratic vision as

a social democratic party to go right. once you talk to joe and the state, get your sweden to the service or did you front bridge for a project you're using? or this information about income in west look to distribute more g right to the west. but to make them they progress back to that you're based on the system for or . and her system for all which you know is not perfect. we've seen recently, but yet, you know, it's better than everything else that we had seen before. so you have to transform mission quickie revisions from new forms of political but he's pretty good. you know, let's go to the story, what, what, what you know, that one of the lesson was a crunch assumption is, what matter, you know, new political organization. we've got to keep going to want more acreage. and number 2, you know, a existence of communities. and in the

20th century, 2nd, just some of the wisdom to accept in the end you have a lot of fight some transformations or sources for systems and then you can talk to that one in the future. i think there was a competition which china can play to some extent, as you know, roland, you know very much that wisdom countries and, but if you don't realize that, you know, you don't offer to the group or so she did to, it couldn't exist. and in particular is it don't share the wears, is it don't show, you know, if you score resources, you know, we were referring your new to the discussion about that so much national programming grow or so you don't get into it just again, 3 countries or south so not to, to split the resources between then another one of your key argument is how global inequality is intrinsically linked to colonialism and how there is

a collective responsibility in the west and western european countries. in particular, to address this past, have you seen any indications that those in power in countries like france, the united kingdom, spain, or belgium, are ready to engage with that pass in any kind of meaningful way? i think they will have it done just because, you know, if they don't do it, then you know, china gain so much in who are in this house and that's already what's happening. you know, by financing your, you know, fracture and that's managing so, so, so if it went down countries, we asked to change a course of action. you know, i think they just started to realize that you did, you know, remember that intrinsic or in particular variations. it was also just, you know, climate submits in various countries or not. i promise countries in a moment and to another to show songs in order to adapt to the consequences of treatment change, which is largely due to the insurance, a bus to her sanctions. the problem, of course,

as you rightly point out, is that, you know, wisdom countries you know, do not comply with their own promise, and you may never have to write. and i think, you know, the next step and you would be, i think the next step in the discussion that route. you cannot then tell people in brazil, i don't do business in russia. don't do business with people you've had the same time. you're not proposing because in western countries are very critical and i think, you know, they want to get some leverage in world politics. you know, they will have to change attitudes because, you know, after or rich countries will not exist, you know, result 2 countries. and we don't the system of the division of labor and global exploitation of natural resources, human resources, sometimes they're very ordinary mystery as we, as we all know. and you know, or to reach just economy in the world today. no merchandise should or didn't ask.

well that on that point of 1000000000, you also talk about electoral democracy is being co opted by the rich or who obviously are opposed to any kind of re distributive economic policy or social policy. do you view that as the biggest obstacle toward the kind of real fundamental progress that that, that's possible? no, it's a, it's a, you know, it's a big problem because i think one day, you know, when we look at what we go to the democracy, you know, maybe year around just when you look at the school was saying, well look, it wasn't democracy, but your system, where's a rich can put so much money to purchase a new, you know, it's not real democracy. say that we are democracy, you know, you should, every citizen should have the same a critique of what shows to pay for political parties,

bank so that everybody is equal influence. and you can really equal a nation gradually. you know, he's wet and you know, we realize that, you know, that you see what question should be. so no, this is not what we are and you see a big problem. but again, this was already the problem. you know, i did a search in windsor income tax was created with united states, and yet, you know, the musician i was younger than i guess your property. so i, you know, i really want to stress, it's always good, but it's always, you know, in the end, in order to, to move in the right direction. one of the things that you've helped us think about differently is this idea that rich countries are helping poor countries through age and public assistance. you say that that idea is somewhat distorted, and that in fact, rich countries are continuing to profit off of poor countries. can you explain what

you mean by that? well, what i mean by that is simply the outflow of profits and you don't get to don't go outside of what countries and going to a credit or not is actually a crew of you sure. but a, so i think we need to have a complete view of the transfer around and more generally, you know, rich countries would be rich today with, you know, a more explanation for sources that i talk to centers and we keep everything today. you know, when i hear, you know, rich countries will say, always as a refugee crazy, a neighboring country should take care of that. ok. but when the summer, you know, she and also, you know, and friends or needs to go on, you know, you know, there were some countries that next money stands i was and jim, it was

a way to get a kind of like crazy talking to them and i think the solution we get that at some point is that there was just the most prosperous it couldn't actor in the world. so i'm not talking to citizens in which countries, i'm totally, well, just going to get in there. not because these are not just rich nationals and ways just give you the we have to pay, you know, we have to be distributed to all countries, you know, in a tradition and in proportion. maybe it was an exposure to climate change and, and, and, you know, global warming and, you know, at some point, you know, i think it would just be acceptable to see year after year rich countries, you know, not respecting what they're saying about putting money. in addition to

an automatic mechanism, we, you know, you don't have to renegotiate and to bag. you please can use a, let's, let's think it cannot work for you. so, the solution is simple. you know, technically we are started last year. it was the discussion what types of cooperation. so it shows that these can be done. the only difference with the difference is that part of the tax revenue and merge national is and you know, they're most distributed, not only has enough but also to countries of those. so, you know, it's not the world as new. don't be as rich, we've never been quite as richly just the question of organization and getting better organized. so as to, you know, as clear the west shells are worse in a way that is consistent with our own of short principal. you know, our on the click to you, or you shall receive calls are equal to g, g, you know, the right to the book man's right dish and the right to ask. but when are we going

to make these abstract principle a reality? and what, you know, the miss, so they probably stretch simple. let's look at what happens with us. let's see. you know, all to put you from. so mission's a rise of social security is a rise of progress. is that sessions are the kinds of 20th century and let's try to comment further at the international scale. and then even more ambitious manner. also sausage changed. so i must say you are perhaps the most hopeful of optimistic economists that i have ever met. your analysis is welcomed with for your time here on up front. thank you so much. center. bo janice and the police violently professing protest. this, these are some of a tens of thousands of people try to play. gobble,

inspired to program making. welcome to generation chains and rifles broadcasting. white people did not want black children in the schools. we have to fight for algebra, english proud recipient. the new york festivals broadcaster the year award for the 6 year running. it's one of the biggest clubs in south america, but it's greatest rival is just a few blocks away from mutual dislike between funds formed from a close divide, sustained over generations. most spoke a junior supporters of born into these club colors in an epic feud of rich versus poor. the funds will make football on al jazeera it's one of the most spectacular mass migrations in the animal kingdom, monarch butterflies, millions of arriving at the winter habitat in central mexico. this year,

the international union for the conservation of nature officially designated the migrating monarch butterfly as endangered experts say the use of pesticides along with the loss of habitat, are the biggest threats to the species. they may be difficult to see from a distance, but these trees behind us are absolutely covered in monarch butterflies. now tourists are welcome at this protected butterfly sanctuary here in central mexico. but visitors are asked to keep their voices down so as to not disturb the butterflies. for many the up close encounter with millions of these vibrant butterflies is a once in a lifetime experience. experts in mexico see that despite the monarch being designated as endangered, there's evidence that conservation efforts are working. but ultimately the future of this iconic insect depends on the continued protection of their natural habitat . ah.