clashes song, give hillagada, and modern penis of carol africa, diving on, tao jessia. the wind blows. the fishing boats home as it has for the countless centuries people have lived here. these are malagasy migrants they move from the drought. written self in such been means to survive, and their story is the interface between climate change and biodiversity loss. the arrival of the migrants is adding to the precious on fish, dogs and marine by diversity, already stretched by over fishing. and this is going to happen all over the world, is impacts like sea level rise, cause people to move further and further in learn, putting more more pressure on environment resources for people fleeing the impacts of global warming. it's survival at all costs. ah.

south graves president calls for stronger air defenses after north korean drones and it's as face. ah, ha ha ha robin, you're watching old. is there like my headquarters here in dough? coming up. taiwan extends its military service saying it's to protect against an attack from china. savvy as president, puts the army on its highest alert level as tensions grow with calls of over recent shootings and blockades. we rise together back to the boom and beyond. from close encounters with asteroids to close ups of the call smells, we look back on the year of space discoveries. ah, welcome to the rug himself. crews president wants to fast track plans to strengthen the countries air defenses. insecure wants to create

a special military unit with stealth drones following an incursion by north korea drains. on monday. ports near the capital sol were closed temporarily when the crawford detected near civilian areas. south graves military has apologized for failing to shoot them down, present units as the incident has highlighted, the military's lack of preparedness. eunice kim has more from sole private insomnia and his 1st comments on this did not mens his words saying that south korea's military readiness was simply not there that the years of training left much to be desired and he did pose that possibility of bringing up the creation of a new military drone unit that he said would have staff capability and also feature cutting edge technologies and would monitor in north korea's military facilities. but it remains to be seen whether he will have the budget to do so. as

there has been a pretty sizable $20000000.00 budget cut in anti drone expenditures. meanwhile, south korea also working on a drone jamming technologies, but that also is several years away from hitting market. robert kelly is a professor of international relations at present national university. he says this behavior is typical of north korea. i don't think it's too much of a surprise that the north koreans have done these kinds of things. i don't actually think that this is the 1st step towards any kind of an escalation or something like that. the north koreans have been known as for pick and prod, if you will, along the shared border. right, which is very contentious. as you might imagine, north koreans minutes are known to cross over and provoke in this manner before they do this. often a see to the really sure, i think it's about south korean response or rather the correspond apparently there was a helicopter fire in the drones and missed several of the air. and one of the aircraft scrambled in response, crashed on the pilot,

apparently managed to escape. and so this raises the issues of a readiness and it's a little bit concerned because i've spent a pretty big chunk of its g p on, on defense closing. and on 3 percent, which is pretty high for us, ally and the goal is ultimately that south crew be able to defend itself without too much american assistance. this is called the transfer of operational control to south korea. we're trying to, with the americans are trying to do that. and if that's how koreans look like, they can handle a drone incursion. and that's going to sort of push that whole agenda back. so it's kind of a surprising failure. that's how well is to extend compulsory military service from 4 months to one year to counter threats from china. on monday, dozens of chinese plains crossed into ty, ones, defense, and the biggest incursion in years. beijing is protesting against what it says is collusion and provocation by the island and the united states. if use taiwan as a breakaway province. as a sign when says taiwan wants peace, but need to be able to defend itself. we can only avoid war by preparing for war,

and we can only stop war by being capable of fighting a war. they want me to increase its ability to defend itself so that we can strengthen our national security and gotten more international support from louis has the details from hong kong. the latest measures announced by taiwanese president trying one is aimed at increasing the islands defense capabilities. and one think tank estimates that the extra 8 months that cones conscripts will now be required to serve, could potentially add $60.00 to $70000.00 personnel annually to the current serving force by the year 2027. and that's not the only change announced on tuesday. conscripts will now undergo more intense training. they'll be more ly fire drills to learn how to handle more sophisticated weapons. the president also said the government plans to increase the overall salaries for conscripts and professional soldiers. the number of years a conscript serves will also be taken into account and the governments labor retirement plan, all this is to make,

serving in its defense force is more attractive now increasing the number of months that a conscript has to so really is not new previously conscripts had to serve for 2 years, but that was slowly with down to 4 months by previous governments. because to make the well really to appease to younger voters. and also because at that time tension between taiwan and beijing had eased. now tie, one has been feeling the pressure from china over the years, not just militarily, but also financially and diplomatically, as china has grown from strength to strength on the global stage, as well as in the world economy. and the taiwanese government under president trying when, well it's position is that ty, ones, future is something for taiwan, people to decide where as the chinese government views the island as a breakaway province and sees were unification as inevitable. so these are 2 very opposing and contrasting views and preston, ch hi. she said on tuesday afternoon that tie one wants peace, but to avert

a war it has to be prepared for tensions have been rising in east asia in recent months. beijing is village, rising islands of the south china sea, which considers its territory causing concern amongst its neighbors. earlier in december, japan announced a record 55000000000 dollar defense budget sibling move away from its post world war 2, pacifist policies. north korea responded by keys and take care of and we quote, bringing a serious security crisis to the korean peninsula and east asia. john syracusa is a professor of political science and international diplomacy at the curtain university explains why china and north korea would favor a war in the region. it's quite clear that china, north korea, can see. clearly, the united states is fully gauge in a proxy war against russia and ukraine, and that they're testing american resolve both in south korea and taiwan. i mean,

they'd like a college when i mean by that is they want to drive north korea, want to drive a wedge between sounds to me in the united states and you get those sanctions are back. and china, of course, is not going to compromise anti wine, which they thought that the table after $972.00 shanghai q n k o nations. i believe one prefer war to diplomacy, not going to need anything else. and of course, the, the possibilities here are strategic, surprise miscalculation, wrong units, and that kind of things. i think it is a mistake to normalize what's going on. we say, well, this goes on all the time. the opportunity for a conflict between united states and china is high. i don't think it necessarily has to come from taiwan. might come over the navigation of south china sea or some

incidents there. i mean, i think the americans probably won't go to more, which i want to do simple reason number one. it's been with a game in 1972 and number 2. they can't win all the war planners and the pentagon are quite sure that the united states couldn't with any kind of area. and then 9 states is not about to lose the 7th fleet. in the di want straight, but i think if there is a conflict and i think it's going to come over 3 of navigation, which is far more important savvy as president has raised the military combat readiness to its highest level. it follows weeks of escalating tension with neighboring cultivate defense minister. me last visit. she met with the army chief and troops near the border. he says, president alexander church has ordered serbian special forces to be tripled in size to $5000.00 personnel and serves in northern cultivate blocking roads in north and mid through each of the largest majority of town. around 50000 people. living in

the region refused to recognise the government in pristina cost of those leaders refusing to engage in dialogue until the barricades removed as will trigger nickle talk with you. why does anyone so hysterically and to start removing the barricades because they want all serbs to be expelled from the north? of course. so because that's the only way for them to bring the solution to this problem that i'm talking about being in pristina and parts of the international community out there as elaina glochelle. she's in the vienna on the serbian side of the border when we talk about the atmosphere between serbia and of course of all, usually these days, we say it's peaceful, but with lot of tensions in the air. i'll try to explain, and these days is nearly impossible to talk with people who live in north casa, because people are afraid to publicly express their opinion about anything. even those questions about everyday life can somehow be connected to politics and nobody

wants to express that kind of opinion out loud in front of the camera. the fact is that these kind of situation is the fixed in previous 5 years, or we had the same situation just a month ago in november when drones allegedly entered the serbian aerospace from costs of or before that in september or last year, there was a situation related to serbian car plates here in cost of or and before that in may 2019 we had the same situation. our when cost of police arrested $19.00 police officers suspected of war corruption and 11 of them were serbia nationalities. so we don't have much detail details about this. situation now, are by a minister of defense said this is not address, but it is

a warning. well, still ahead here on out there, a warnings of people trapped and snow covered vehicles in the u. s. where there's no letter from the circle blizzard of the century. and skyrocketing inflation, not no jobs. we meet severe refugees struggling to survive as turkey has. economy weakened their stories after the break. ah, here's your weather report for asia notes, i have your long so that rain that swept through the mall div now starting to push out into the re b and c. otherwise across india it's a fairly quiet picture. but for a punjab state where the northwest 95 percent of it is shrouded in fog, it's been pouring rain around. sebu city devoured that band of rain. moving closer to manila, the monsoon rains there have killed at least a dozen people as of late. pretty steady band of rain being stared into indonesia

as main island of java through bali and lombok as fall on wednesday. and after china we go for the west yangtze river valley, some snow falling, dipping down close to the pearl river valley, some showers in great, lin, that's not fact. your temperature to 7 degrees cloud cover in shanghai also got your pencil then for high 7 on wednesday. ok off to japan right now. you know what that see effect snow back in the forecast on wednesday for northwest honshu and tokyo and for northwest hon. you parts of it any way. there is about a meter of snow on the ground there. so we'll add to that tale. we'll finish this by the report in bucharest on whether it leaves the golf comes into baluchistan province and $400.00 province in pakistan. it's a similar situation almost fully covered by fog on wednesday. ah,

it's one of the biggest clubs in south america. but its greatest rival is just a few blocks away. a mutual dislike between funds formed from a class divide, sustained over generations. most boca junior support is, are born into these club colors in an epic feud of rich versus poor the funds who make football on al jazeera. mm mm. the book about what you have there with me. hello robin, and reminder of our top story south bridge president plans to develop

a strong defensive unit. secure wants to create a special military unit with stealth drones that follows in cash and by north korean drain. on monday, taiwan is to extend compulsory military service to one year to counter threats from china. on monday, dozens of chinese plains constant islands. and so the biggest day the cation in and soviet president has raised the military combat readiness to its highest level . it follows weeks of escalating tension with dave and cost of defense minister this which has met the army chief and truitt, near the border. anyone who has moved a step closer before we what's expected to be the most right wing government in israel's history. and that's after parliament passed controversial legislation allowing politicians previously convicted of offences without serving jail time to join the cabinet. some of the prime ministers designates hotline coalition partners will now be eligible for ministerial posts. that in yahoo is expected to finalize

the cabinet in the coming days. will fall, palestinians have been injured during fighting with jewish settlers and israeli forces in the occupied east jerusalem. 6 others were detained when settlers tried to seize land in the wadi hila legion of sin, one set of high that has more for occupied east jerusalem. well, the fighting was all about a plot of land that's just behind me. if you can see the israelis, settlers have been putting up a fence, it's a new spence and this pulse of land extends all the way from this call park over here. and it will go all the way down there. you can see as the camera can just sound there, there's some trees that have been cultivated by a palestinian family that has lived for 7 years now. probably city and family has always maintained that they signed a lease with the greek orthodox church because this line is actually owned by the greek orthodox church, but it's very much contested plots of land. and so one because the jewish settlers,

a jewish organization, has bought the lands, apparently from the church a few years ago they, they had actually bought, sorry, rather lisa hotels in the old city, which is further just up the road from where i am. and this plot of land comes in a way with the, the 2 host house. this has been through the court for many years. it went through to the supreme court of israel as well. and the court has ruled in favor. 6 of the the jewish settlers. 7 7 so this just gives you an idea over the pension in june, but let's say that they have access and should have access to this land. and every so often roddicks why things take place. bring us lindsay arrived in northern indonesia telling stories of their hiring c crossings. at least 185 people are

receiving medical care. after arriving the check on monday, now they will on board one, a full boats at last bungler dash in november. hurry force, it has the story of 2 weeks drifting at sea 1st full day on dry land. 185 range refugees came ashore in indonesia as a province on monday evening. week 3 and many severely dehydrated. we left the refugee camp in bangladesh. 7 days into the journey, the boat engine broke about 10 days into the journey. our food was finished and i had to drink sea water. after more than a month, we arrived here many died undersea. this was the scene just aus earlier, as the survivors finally reached land. these people a 2 time refugees fleeing 1st from persecution and me and mar, which its military government is facing charges of genocide at the international court of justice. and then from harsh conditions in refugee camps in bangladesh and bangladesh or children didn't get educated,

we couldn't leave the camp. we didn't have food, we didn't have anything. in late november, agency save for boats left bangladesh. on december, the 8th, an indonesian oil tank of picked up a boat carrying about 150 people of the me in my coast and towed it to shore. 10 days later the shrunken navy rescued a 104 people osher lunk, his north coast. the captain said he'd received an s o s message from a 3rd boat, which he feared was about to sink. on sunday, a group of 58 ra hinge came ashore in ladon, village in indonesia, western as a province. and on monday evening, the boat carrying a 185 landed further up the coast. it's not yet clear whether this is the boat he had lost a week earlier. like, we need to do further communication, an intensive investigation with different parties within indonesia or outside of indonesia. to clarify, if this is the case. at the moment i cannot confirm the information to now indonesians doing what they can to give these refugees some sense of normality and

dignity after their ordeal. but the future remains unclear. agency say the number of hinge, a fleeing by boat from refugee camps had bangladesh has risen fivefold this year to nearly 2 and a half 1000. the theories that many more will be subject to the sorts of dangers in the month to come. hurry faucet, algeria, at least 64 people have been killed and weather related incidents in north america as a severe winter storm continues to batter the region. and the half of those are in new york state, one of the worst effected areas in america. so the neighborhoods buried under a meter of snow with resident stranded in their calls for up to 2 days. particle haine is following developments forth from washington d. c. nationwide. if you're traveling, it's just utter chaos. but if you think about it, this storm came at the worst possible time. the busiest travel time of the year, people traveling for the christmas holiday, it hit right before that it was so significant was just how broad of

a storm it was. it reached about 80 percent of the population at one point, including as far down south is texas and florida that are prepared for temperatures that low about $3000.00 flights have been cancelled. the vast majority of those are from southwest airlines. that's mostly a domestic carrier, or they have been struggling mightily, canceling up to 70 percent of their flights in certain days. now the company says, look, are 2 main hubs were colorado in chicago, and those were hit the hardest. but still, although all of the airlines canceled some flights, nothing like southwest. so the department of transportation says they will be launching in investigation. but the airline said this is going to be happening for at least a couple more days as they scrambling at cruise in the right place. buffalo that was particularly hard hit, just to give you an example of how bad of a winter it's been for them. the last 2 winter storms they've got about as much snow as they usually get in an entire winter and we've just started winter. now the freezing temperatures are starting to slowly rise across the country. for example,

in buffalo, most of the fire trucks got stuck because they had white out conditions, so they couldn't actually go out and check cars and go go door to door. and that's where they're finding a lot of the fact fatalities. people in white out conditions got stuck in the snow, ran out of gas, and the temperatures are so cold that it was fatal. so, across the country, we do expect the death told, arise even as things start to get better on a daily basis. who's ukraine's prison? got him is zalinski says 9000000 people are still without electricity. despite his government's efforts to restore power, the electricity grid has been damaged by drone and missile attack since russia targets and the g facilities. charles, stanford has more from keith, more heavy fighting at various locations along the eastern front line, perhaps most interestingly around that city of buck moot. which is seen some of the

most intense battles in recent weeks and months, some very interesting video. this appeared on telegram channels that we cannot independently verify purporting to show ukrainian soldiers among dozens of dead russian soldiers as those videos of a paid some also some very interesting lines coming from pro russian channels. these channels advocating that they should be a russian withdraw from those positions around buff moot because the situation has become so difficult for the russians. now, of course, we in no way can independently verify these lines, but still, those videos are shocking. also interestingly, the ukrainian head of the regional military administration, it blew guns, medical survey guide is saying that ukrainian forces continue to make progress around the town close to the town of crimean crimean, which is russian occupied along the lou guns donates borders. now this was

a front line that was established, i suppose 2 and a half months or so ago after that very successful counter offensive by the ukrainians grainy military now saying for the 1st time since then in the last couple of days, they are beginning to make progress, but as i say, we cannot independently verify these claims. meanwhile, the electricity crisis across the country continues president floating zalinski last night saying that at least 9000000 people were still without reliable electricity and heating as these winter temperatures are expected to plummet. in the next couple of weeks also we spoke yesterday to the head of the country's national electricity operator. he predicted that these full repairs to their grid system could take years. and that, of course would be there wasn't to be more barrage, is more a tax in this what seems to be a russian campaign? it's targeting energy infrastructure. so yeah, a lot of people still very cold,

living in very dark conditions. as these energy crises across ukraine continues. millions of people inter kia, struggling to make ends meet after inflation ballooned in 2022. life is particularly tough for the 3 point. 6000000 syrian refugees in the country. so didn't consider reports from stumble, as people hope for change in fortune next year. the rug spends his days in this apartment and a stumble. the 29 year old hasn't been able to work since he fell and injured his west 2 years ago. he had surgery but can't afford it, and his landlord once increases the rent. ahmed, like many other syrian refugees, is struggling as a turkish economy. we can see that on the heart, i'm very frustrated. i can't go to another country. i can get preaches here, and i can return to a liberal to see my family accounts, enjoy simple things in life like other people. my age here, i'm

a stranger. the worst thing is that i'm young, but can't work. i have to sit at home psychologically. it's very upsetting, one failed as a success story among emerging economies to kids. inflation exceeded 85 percent this year, coupled with wising nationalism ahead of an election and mid 2023. it is for the backlash against syrian refugees. the opposition has promised to send them back. most series we have approach and they stumble. do not want to be interviewed on camera because they're afraid of being deported. the spies deteriorating economic conditions in turkey. they don't want to return home because they say a feature and syria doesn't hold much promise. one man is an exception. he spent 8 years and true care working all jobs but paid poorly in 2020. he moved back. charles also realize his dream of going college, even though the diplomas are not international. recognize now, well, it works for local media organization. so my friends told me not to return to syria

and start over. they said i wouldn't be able to improve myself. but here i am, any achievement in my country is better than in another country is more valuable to me. i hope all those syrians entered kia can return home to better conditions. one day, sir, as a position held areas, are also affected by the inflation across the border as they use the turkish currency. and so we're trying to make basie food items available, but to remake only a small profit because of the changing prices. cool. in a year, the turkish era has those 4 to percent of its valley against the us dollar, and inflation is expected to remain high in 2023. despite government promises to reduce it, levy syrians, whether they live as refugees in turkey, or have returned home to opposition health areas with limited opportunities. c, m. k. solo al jazeera stumble. what has been a year full of drama and intriguing space? so astronomers have made some important discoveries and it seems there are more

still to come in 2023 colon baker has more. in 2022 outer space grew clearer, bigger and a bit safer for the scientists studying it from earth. in a year of dramatic discoveries, astronomers captured images of the oldest known star, the furthest known planet orbiting, another sun, the black hole at the center of our galaxy. and details from the surface of our own sun. the number of people living in space grew wood. china now has a permanent home in orbit 24 years after the launch of the international space station. but 2 missions shattered targets. the 1st literally, the half ton dart satellite slammed into it 160 meter wide asteroid called di morphis. at 6 kilometers per 2nd. it was a test of an earth saving defense system and it worked. the shimmering debris thrown up by the impact was captured by observatories around our planet. but

nothing was as spectacular as the 1st images from the james web space telescope to the edge of time itself. more than 20 years in the making. 14 years late, the world's largest space base telescope, flu, one and a half 1000000 kilometers, and looked at a point in the sky smaller than a grain of sand held at arm's length. that grain contained a myriad of stars. webs. first picture revealed the oldest and furthest objects humanize have ever seen ancient galaxies at the visible edge of the universe. now, these tiny dots of color are helping to filling the picture of how everything began . the image provoked more questions. we are looking as far back as currently humanly possible, and that is, our goal is to keep trying to study further and further back us, so that we can understand better at the time, in cosmic history, that we've only been able to really see our eyes. webb's astronomers spotted water,

carbon monoxide and gases that volcanoes release into atmospheres of planets. far beyond our son, one system orbiting a son known as trappist one, looks tantalizingly similar to our own though. now we have kind of our 1st chance at studying another star system that has a bunch of small rocky planets to say ok, how different are they? what does that mean about their potential for supporting light? and astronomers used web to make discoveries much closer to home. when i saw the 1st image of neptune with james web space telescope, i actually started to cry. i had been waiting for over 30 years to see this planet again, like that when i saw 1st and foremost with the rings system of neptune, the last time we had seen it was in 1989. when the void, your spacecraft flew over the cloud tops of neptune in 2023 web will study hundreds of new targets and probes will reach new asteroids.