better or we should say the 2 year break has cost the local economy a lot with as the festival returns at him, small bolts shop has seen 6 months worth of sales in just 3 weeks. we've only bought, we are making uses alana, roosevelt that yeah. edward republic, let's run the column. the number of participants this year may not be as big as the last carnival printed. i t, but officious are confident troops from us far away south america would return next year. but most importantly, that is what the local economy will see a significant boosted sales and job opportunities. how many degrees al jazeera caliber

ah, this is al jazeera, these, your top stories. the u. s. has joined a growing list of countries imposing coven 19 restrictions on people arriving from china. i was just the day on to beijing announced it would drop all quarantine measures for inbound travelers. u. s. joins is li, taiwan, india in japan, in requiring negative tests for anyone traveling from china. him the whole cat has more story. well, the vital administration is concerned that the chinese government is not being fully transparent. and this is a concern that goes back to the start of the pandemic, and as such as a result of the ease of the restrictions in recent days in china as well as what the u. s says, or a spike in cases in china, us is taking measures to ensure that there isn't a spike of cases of coven 19 in the united states, particularly when it comes to some variance of the i'm across variant police income,

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an unquestionable exclusive right to all of israel's land. it could cause rifts with its allies, including the united states, heathy open airlines have resume flights between addis ababa and northern to gripe for the 1st time in 18 months. in line suspended the route during the conflict between government forces and rebels. okay, those are your headlines. nice continues here. often the stream on january 1st, croatia will become the 20th country to join the euro. but off to a recent drill in public support for the new comics. how will correlations adapt to the changes and will it mean high prices in depth and analysis on al jazeera, i welcome to the stream, imac much aberdeen filling in for family. okay. today examining the origins of the

universe with the james web space telescope. it's the largest telescope ever sentence, a space and its mission is to observe the birthplace as of distant stars, planets, and galaxies. astronomers say it's a breakthrough for science that may answer humanities. biggest questions, including where do we come from? and are we alone to get our conversation started here as nasa, astrophysicist, amber, strong? for me, the most exciting aspect of this new telescope is really the breadth of science will be able to do, will be able to study objects from within our own solar system. all the way out to the most distant galaxies, ever the very 1st galaxies that were born after the big bang and everything in space and time in between. and these 1st images that we've just released really just give us a glimpse just a hit of what's going to be possible with this incredible new telescope. i'm so excited for that year of science that we already have planned. and i have no doubt

that this telescope is really going to change the way that we understand the universe and ways that we haven't even dreamed of yet. johnny asked to explain the significance of the j. w. s t is our panel of scientists in california. jesse christenson, a project scientists with the nasa zill planet archive renee doyen principal investigator for the web telescopes, find guidance sensor and info red imager, known as nearest and in nova scotia, la moda, an observational astronomer with the dunlap institute for astronomy and astrophysics. and of course, if you want to ask a question to our panel, jump into our live you tube. chad and you can be part of today's conversation. all right, so, so much to discuss, i want to start with, with the basics, kind of the emotion of this moment if you will, jessie, we built this, i say we, of course i haven't done anything, but we built as incredibly complex telescope. i believe it's a 100 times, at least more sensitive than it's 30 year old predecessor. why is this so exciting

to what does it actually enable us to do? well, hobble it's been such an amazing observatory for humanity for decades now. and there is some things where hubble has just given us a glimpse. we have hints, we think that there's something there, and we're very excited now with get a blessed t. we'll finally get to the answers and some of these incredible questions, like, what's inside the atmosphere that these extra finance, by finding how far back can we see towards the dawn of the universe. so it's a step we've been wanting to take for a really long time. so it's very exciting that we're finally here and the telescope is performing as well as it is. right. and on that note that it's performing as well as it is. i mean, i can imagine many things could have gone wrong, rene and you know that in of itself is a celebration or something worth celebrating. you know, with that in mind, we sent this what 1.5 kilometers or 1000000 kilometers, if i'm not mistaken. and it's sending back data and that data is digestible to you

or in a, what is what is the most exciting element here? well, everything, i mean, you've said that this is arguably the most complex machine that you meant the as a build. and we sent at 1500000 kilometers away. and the eyes, you mentioned that many things could have gone wrong 1st. so you know, the sales goes so big. so we have to fold it in a big, you know, like how big are we going to be figure in a, in the, in the frame, a rocket, an incentive $1500000.00, then we have to deploy it. and i used to describe this, this 2 weeks of deployment, this 7 days of terror. well, really, it was 7 days of joy because things went so smoothly. and then we had to align these 18 segments with exquisite currency. it's on you can imagine depression, you need to line these mergers with one another. and yet it took several months. we did it and it worked so well. and one thing to understand too is that this task

always, always beyond a sun, she'll always in the, in the dark, it has to be protected from the sun. and it's very cold out there. it's minus $1.00 and $2.00 degrees celsius, whatever. and fine i this is so cold, so we have to develop new technologies to operate investment at these temperatures . so i was a lot of challenges. it took 20 years. and so, yeah, so now we're opening and you eyes and this guy and to answer big questions about the original designers and i, we alone for i'm, we will have a credible machine so, so on, on those big questions just quickly and maybe let me know we can start with you, we have and are you to chat solitary kid convinced that we're not alone saying there's no way we are alone. and i'm wondering beyond that question, that big question. what excites you as someone who's, who's already processing some of the data that's being sent from your vantage point . let me western bay in for days data for so long as

just right next door to me is the entire canadian extra galactic team to city. they're going through the data, and they're just all crying out, enjoy every time be, find these little galaxies, really read galaxies, that we think are, you know, might be one of the 1st of the universe, this galaxies that are full of stars, which might very well, like be our own sun and might have a ton of that, like our earth. so, you know, when you look at something like this, something that is like almost a time capsule, where you're seeing galaxies at very different distances because of this wonderful property of light. you know, coming to us at the same speed, you just cannot feel, you know, you cannot feel alone in this. but certainly, i think, i think many of us are excited by the prospect and we'll get to that at the end of this conversation. but before we do, if i may, renee you or forgive me, jesse, you said something interesting kind of comparing hubble to,

to this new telescope that we're celebrating today. and there is this tweet by john christiansen, not to be confused with someone from your family. i believe but, but at least someone who created this really powerful tool, take a look at this. i'm gonna just scroll down a bit. this compare essentially, this is the, the new telescope, and this is the original sort of hubble image, right? and, and this is the southern ring nebula, could you just beyond sort of the fact that this looks like something that was photo shopped. what, what is that, what is all of this that we see here? tell us that we, we didn't know before. right, so what we're looking at here is a planetary nebula, which astronomers are really bad at naming things. so i'll stop by saying it doesn't actually have anything to do with planets. it's a planetary nebula, it's what happens when a star like our son gets to the end of its life and starts puffing off all of its outer layers and they create is a gorgeous cloud that you see today. and the star in the middle pushes the cloud

away. what we, the detail that we have with database t is going to allow us to discern much more about the physics, the actual, the mechanisms that are pushing the gas away and how the gas is behaving, gives us information about the medium that the gas is going into the, into stella medium. what happens between stars? this gives us a glimpse of this. and, you know, just to hear from someone else if we can kind of echoing some of those key points that you outlined. we have christine chem and astronomer at the space telescope science is institute, who really highlights for us what she believes is so groundbreaking about this moment. take a look. these 1st early release observations really give us a glimpse into how to use t will transform our understanding of the universe genius. he was designed to peer back to the edge of time to see the 1st galaxies for me. and indeed, the nearer camera captured grubs 1st. deep feel in just 12 and a half hours revealing

a stand teeming with distant galaxies. and each galaxy has been imaging, exquisite detail revealing galaxies with forbes, bright star, clusters, and news, and shrouded in dust. in our newly formed understanding goes beyond these beautiful images to include spectra that reveal precise distances to individual galaxies. what used to take couple days now takes 2 to 2 hours. and as a result, almost every observation will provide a glimpse into the universe. so, you know, already when we say we are going to be exploring exit planet atmosphere is in more depth now as a result of this new telescope. what is, what does that mean? i mean, some of our you tube of commenters ghost in the blur thing. this is unbelievable and exciting, but when will we prove other life besides us exists? that is the big question. we also have someone named and had saying, well, the more the discoveries, the more the unanswered questions. so do we anticipate that some of the discovery

is being made already or that will be made will be surprises. and do you think this is, can that really for sure, make us know that there's life out there? well, we can't know what our web will will detect life, but what we can be absolutely sure that will make giant step how is answering that question. yes and the when, when we need to do so, we're trying to detect an atmosphere. we're trying to detect the molecules that's in there on, on urge those molecules like oxygen and that those are made by, by life. and, but you know, we haven't really done that yet on small planet. we have to take that much years on gas. john finer like the one we saw the newest instrument take this beautiful spectrum. while you see the bumps on the wiggle, the get used to these things. going to see many of these spectra in the coming year . and so that's spectrum prove without any doubt that there's war and use. and you can also methane seo. and when you combine with the other side sentiment, you get the whole sweets of capital d to detect molecules. and that's actually key

to one day. and so the question is there, you know, bias natures and gas that are due to biological activities yesterday to stand up hobbled view was in terms of color is what me, me, me like this, you know, hobbles and now where it's like you can up, right? my hand right? completely different. and so just like the, the feel we have a completely new perspective and with exquisite detail. one big limitations about hobble is that it goes around the earth, every 95 minutes 90 minutes. so when you try to measure a light trickle meetings will find it, it's always interrupted in this case where we, we can continuously observe this objects without any interruptions, and that makes a big, big difference. and renee speaking there, i was showing the audience just kind of the comparison of the korean and nebula, for example. and some of those elements that you were describing. i do want to kind of kind of ask or actually let me let eric baker, he sent us

a question that i'll put to you and they take a listen to at eric how to say given that the james web space telescope only see certain colors that are on the spectrum of light visible to humans. how to scientists go about tolerating the images that we get to see online. i forget my, sorry, jesse, that's a sorry that i just check. and so what we have to do is we have to take the wavelengths that, that james web test buy, sells good looking at which is in the infrared heat. and we have to map those into optical wave length that we can see with our eyes. so we, we take that, that section of the wavelength that we can't see, and we remap in something we can see. so these beautiful images are not what you would see with your eye if you were out in space looking at these nebula, you wouldn't see that. but they are giving us this rich amount of detail about the different wavelengths that these objects are meeting at. and so it's not that there

was no end for a read before it was, it's just that much more advanced, right? if you will, like to hubble, have this capacity to a certain extent. i mean, i'm reiterating, maybe i'm wrong. i think i'm wrong to tell me no correct us, let me to. i just want to mention so the previous grade observatory that was an infrared telescope was spitzer also spits that was a nasa mission that operated from 2003 to 2019. and it had infrared capabilities and was able to see glimpses of just again give us hints about what was there and answer, many interesting questions, but leave us wanting mole and web is giving us mole. i'm, you know, obviously we've been celebrating so far. i see that there are 2 other guests are in agreement with you nodding there, but i would be remiss to not ask you about some controversy. of course, there's always controversy. we have, for example, this tweet saying, seeing the images from j w as t comes with the bittersweet knowledge that the person, the observatory is named after would not have wanted me or the dozens of other queer astronomers i know involved in this incredible achievement. it deserves

better using that hash tag there, rename j, w s t. a lot of people might say, well, who cares? why is this controversial, your thoughts on this, jesse? yes, so james webb was a nasa administrator during the apollo years and was very instrumental in having the cisco sent successful apollo missions prior to his time at nasa. he was in leadership at the state department when the state department was going through this period of purging a l g b t. people from the state department. this is in the early fifties and it's not clear that james webb had any specific role in that. but he was in leadership in the state department at the time. and so then it comes into this, you know, what responsibility did he have to stop it? you know, was he a product of his time? was he following orders? when it's very unclear the extent to which he was involved in this. so there's just some murkiness at it's made people. it's always a shattered things a bit. it's made people uncomfortable because you don't want to think that this incredible new instrument that was built for everyone was named off to someone who

wasn't for everyone. i understand that that's a, that's a great way of putting it. let me know you were gonna say something. oh, i want to add that. i mean i, we will the james web space telescope. it's now being launched in error, which is where science is now a lot more open and now we are a bay and available accessible people around the world in a way that maybe the hubble space telescope are the previous missions of not have been be now have the data that was released today is actually available for anyone around the world to download and analyze the software that we are using. trans license data is also more accessible. and i think because i don't, world of post pandemic has also changed where we are now more able to connect with each other or conduct meetings and the researchers over on by i think we are moving

to an era where with james, that very day we will see people from all over the world coming in into and, and getting, you know, getting to do science with this wonderful chance of in a way that, that has not have happened before. but i think there's, you know, there is a lot of things to look forward to known here most, most certainly, and among them as much as i want to look for it and we should and there is so much to look forward to. i want to ask you just for a little bit of context, renee, you know, hubble versus web if you will. the last time nasa launched an observatory of such kind of importance and significance. it was really deemed a disaster if i'm not mistaken. in 1090 some, you know, astronomers like sandra faber, others saying it was an absolute kind of catastrophe. why is that? and i don't want to focus too much, but, but how would you compare this moment? well, i hobble lead to what you're referring to is one hobble was launch. he had some

eyesight problem and we had that that was an issue, a mistake made which these things are not easy to do, of course, but of course we, we learn from, from, but it was fixed, you know, because the hubble was close is close to the the earth orbit, so we could send the shuttle and change easement to crack its eyesight. and then how long came back with his good eyesight and that you know, a to a truly who was like astronomy. now we learned from that, and before that we were very careful with you, not repeat the same mistake and no, there's no problem with the telescope. and as i said, i had some re complex machines, but it's deployment, and it's the and it's commissioning when trailing smoothly. and so, you know, we should, we should be proud at one point i want to mention is that what is very significant about his project is that this is an international project. and we live in, in trouble times with wars, ukraine and his were somers project where you many get together and with common

goals about understanding the universe. and that was a quite and then an achievement g to do this, you know, a nasa, canada, and europe altogether to new media still school now for the well, no, everyone can use the cells go most certainly and i, i appreciate you making that point. i also, you know, just looking at some of the numbers here. i mean, just to put this into context for jessie, i might be wrong, but i think the universe is about 13000000000 years old. and we've been around for about a 1000000 years. again, my math is horrible, but the point being with all these trillions of galaxies and just seeing those images, how they compare, what, what can you share with us about how this gives us a new kind of macro sense of where we fit into the world. and where to invest our resources in the future, a lot of people might say, why spend $10000000000.00 looking into outer space when we could be spending it here to fix our planet earth? yeah, these are really big important questions. and it's not

a small amount of money, right? it's, it's a reasonable amount of money. i would say it comes back through the fact that you reference this at the start of the show. these are some of the humanities oldest questions like where do we come from? are we alone and where are we going? and the deeper we can look into the detail of the universe around us, the closer we get to the answers to those questions. my can, i think a lot about what it would mean if we found life on another planet, you know, how would that change society? would we all just get up in the morning and read the newspaper and the headlines would change the next day, or would it change something fundamental about how we treat the planet and how we treat each other and how we treat the universe? you know, there's a lot of talk about colonizing miles for instance. and that's it really interesting and problematic. like are we allowed to just go and take over space that didn't always end well on earth? so we have to think really carefully about what we're doing and things like with he

give us the information to make more informed decision, better decisions about what we're going to do as a species. while i was, if i go, i'm please, rene. yeah, i just want to add that, you know, we, we often take for granted all we have around us, right? but we don't appreciate all the innovations we have. i'm has an origin. and in fact, that when you go in details, it goes back to an answering basic questions. for example, i'll give you an example. the camera that looks at me is a technology that was the device in the mid seventies. not to do a camera to do tv shows. it was a g, a quote, the hubble space telescope, g to you to understand the universe. and so these are 2, you know, nasa fundings to develop technology. now today's this everywhere, not just the tv, this is medical imaging. so you know, you should think astronomers if we can see each other and they get selfie. this is the, the, we are a curious species,

and this is the curiosity is the deepest root of innovation. so, fundamental science is fundamental to all we have around us. i wrote that down, curiosity is the deepest root of innovation. i feel like so much put that on a t shirt. let me, i know you want to jump in, go ahead. and just to add to that, the budget that being invested in jane said that's over a period of, you know, 25 years. and, but that's only a fraction of the cost that the nation has built as tons of spend on military budget every year. i've seen a lot of debate about whether we should be spending more money, whether we should be investing this money in education or be, are doing this because we want to learn being right universe. and that is all coming back to that and that's it. and that's a great point. i actually want to put another question to you. a lot of people on you tube asking about black holes. and i know there's, there's, you know, always

a conversation about that online. we have already been saying how far back in time can be looked with this telescope. i know, let me that's what you focus on. i do want to just piggyback one more question here that was sent to us from denise laurence. take a listen and then we'll come to you, let me so i'd like to know if you have the images of black holes. and if you can even see a black hole. so how far back can we look and are we seeing black holes? well, we are trying to figure out how far can we learn? we are trying to find, you know, the galaxies, the structures that have formed in the 1st few 100000000 years of the universe with the 1st maybe 400 me, their ears right after the universe. and i guess the answer is just wait for to, we'll just have to wait to find out how far i think if you look at the good answer,

quick quick poll across our panel before we go. so the telescope has, as we heard already detected water in the form of steam, you spoke about potentially methane and other gas is being detected. renee, will we detect signs of alien life for lack of a better term in the universe within 10 years? that's what some nasa scientists are saying. jessie, your vote yes or no? i don't think they 10 years is to show it. give me 20 to 30 years and i'll say yes . all right. well what about you, renee? i was going to to decays yet 1010 years is a bit short. isn't years is a been sort i'm. yeah, yeah, i would say along the same line. yeah. you know, i'm renee and jesse say, student will go back, but go ahead, renee, quickly that you know yet you allies to decays. this is very short. it means that we, our generation will see this groundbreaking discovery. and that's really the story went thing about it. so we humanity as reach technology maturity,

transfer that question and that, you know, we should appreciate that it's just really amazing. and i'm not going to say that web is going to do that. and, but i said it's gonna make join step to understand the habitable deal, cuz i think in 5 you will say, okay, here's our planet, we know there's water in his atmosphere and is all the molecules and the looks like this, maybe habitable. well, that's the place to look at. and this will probably have odd emissions or a big tails come on the ground to a look at the system. this is where web will make it will then a major discovery. and then just to clarify, you know, we've discovered water and oxygen, or am i wrong about that? jesse oxygen i to, i'm not sure about molecular. okay. we have seen water. we have seen methane, we have seen carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide already seen sodium. i don't know about oxygen. i don't know what the can on. ok we haven't,

we have that very. i don't know i'm, i'm pretending i know what concoction of things need to be found to determine that there is live out there and i'm joking. but certainly a topic that really opens and expands the mind even if it's hard to wrap your mind around this discovery and all the discovery discoveries that lee had. thank you so much. jesse renee and i'm yeah, that's all the time we have here at the stream for today. thanks for watching and see you next time. with genuine analogy 0 almost a decade after joining the e. u croatia, adults the urine despite fears, it could lead to price increases and already tough. economic times immersive

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