for is from chronic levels of malnutrition, among children. indigenous communities and remote areas are especially vulnerable. charities, say the coven, 19 pandemic, and soaring inflation of worse in the situation. what are the car that look for out of every 10 children under the age of to suffer from chronic mar attrition and with it come growth issues and learning issues. this problem is much worse in rural areas, and we believe the number has doubled since the pandemic. the rising cost of living lead 2 weeks of protest by indigenous communities in june is back on for a while. since then, president guillermo lazarus pledge to spend $350000000.00 a year to improve healthcare in bill 6 services. but 2023 is expected to be tough for ecuador, as the government, as imposed asperity measures to tackle the budget deficit. giving families like seal b as little hope of ending the vicious cycle of hunger. ellison and beauty. i'll

just either ah, this is al jazeera, these, your top stories, russia escalade since bombardment, ukrainian city of bad news is horses are trying to secure a ram, military victory are to months of fighting as ukrainian forces and digging in. well, they can all make form has gotten underway in devil. switzerland with well lead is vowing to continue the support for ukraine equations. first lady address gathering warning, rushes invasion will spill over the border into europe. this michael live, what will happen to inflation when state board is start to collapse in the integrity of countries is trampled on by those who wanted. how can the world combat climate change if it hasn't even stop to the burning of entire cities and ukraine? this is what russia is doing with it. such hillary with its missiles, with its iranian drones. it is and you know,

the russian aggression was never intended to restrict itself to the ukrainian borders. this war could gulf, the dining thomas population has declined for the 1st time in more than 60 years. the birth rate in 2022 was the lowest sense records began. that's despite efforts by the government to encourage families to help all children in pakistan, rising costs have led to a deepening feel. crisis. the price of wheat flour has skyrocketed because of poor harvest due to climate change. and last year devastating floods. the government is being forced to distribute flower to stop protests. for 0, palestinian man has been shot and killed by israeli forces. and the shake of a day or an officer with the palestinian authority was short just north of hebron. naoki pod westbank is what he has not been released by israel. recovery teams in the pool is searching for the 2 remaining passengers still

missing off to some days playing clash that kills 70 people. they've now expanded the search area and i using drones in the mountainous terrain authorities have the gun releasing the bodies of the victims to families. okay. they had lives. nice continues here now. does air out in story. ah, is globalization coming to an end world leaders? this is gathering and deb, also debasing ways to revive the global economic order off to coven 19 and with the war in ukraine on going. how realistic is that and pound,

the geopolitical challenges to be overcome? this is inside story. ah hello and welcome to the program. i'm nora, kyle, the richest and most influential leaders on the planet have kicked off that annual world economic forum in the swiss alpine resort town of divorce. they began gathering this week and so to protesters. oh, now they include a group of millionaires who want the walls and need to get serious about global wealth disparities of activists on demanding stronger action to tackle the climate crisis, including curbing the oil and gas industries. i'm here with hatchet, the millionaires, the okay,

i've come out to join the height and the protest here because we're in favor. well, talk to the really want to reduce his level of wealth inequality in the world that so corrosive to society. you give your government permission to tax you and reduce your wealth. the governments could do much more useful things with your money than you can receive that the ref is in writing a lot of companies that are doing harm, that are not accepting you dry said are doing there that are while eating the climate in different ways. countries like 3 lanka, son via who are struggling a major debt crisis. they cannot afford to come out of this crisis because black rock refuses to re re negotiate on to cancel this debt that is urgently needed so that we can take climate action and take care of our people's in the global south. well inside and sticking to tradition, the ws founder and executive chairman clowe schwab gave the opening speech saying, here we are at the beginning of see new year looking ahead to our future

characterized by unprecedented would to pro crisis and even worse. so's economic environmental social and she'll political kaiser's icon watching and conflicting creating an extremely rural so tile and uncertain future. it's no surprise. so generally the are all stuck in a crisis mindset and said leads to short term decision making. some may have long term and intended damaging consequences doubles. oh, shift said mindset. or meanwhile oxfam has really to report to coincide with the opening of devils. it says extreme poverty and extreme wealth have increased simultaneously for the 1st time since the beginning of the century. it says the world's richest

one percent got a lot rich over the last 2 years. they are mass, more than 40 trillion dollars worth of new wealth, higher cost of living and inflation and making the disparity worse. food prices are now unaffordable for many, roughly 800000000 people are going hungry. oxfam is calling for the walls, wealthiest to pay higher taxes. it says a 5 percent tax on millionaires and billionaires would raise around $1.00 trillion dollars a year. and that could lift 2000000000 people out of poverty. ah, let's bring in our guests now. and in london, we have max lawson, head of inequality, policy, and advocacy at oxfam international and divorce is shirley hughes, senior practitioner fellow at harvard kennedy school, and member of the devil's expert network. and also in london, in the jeep palmer, professor of international politics at city, university of london, an author of foundations of the american century,

a very warm welcome to all of you, especially you shirley, and a very chilly diverse there. it tells us what's the mood like. it's not a particularly lifting opening speech that we have class shrub giving the says that the world is changing and not for the batter. we certainly live in a increasingly fracture. we're all day and thank you for having me from novice to morrow. the matter of fact, the very 1st class session at the world economic forum is going to be at the bait on globalization versus regal over lights. ation. china is actually under represented at this year's doubles china 8. so one of the 7 major economic elephants that seems to be missing in the room. however, we're starting to see a lot of emerging economies that are coming in big time out on the promenade. always see malaysia house in the a house on the, in the anesha house, the, all of them are parked to, with people. so, what were i living in the interesting world at the moment is just explained to us

the difference between d, globalization and re globalization. want to these terms mean? i think we have to read vision globalization, what we have seen in the past 4 years for 5 years or so. is this a comprehensive decoupling between the world, the 2 largest economies, the united states and china, from trade to investment flow to technology, and essentially it's rules and norms and by use and that is not going to improve any time. sure. and so again, we are seeing both china in the united states are trying to remove each other from the core. could you say short supply chain. so you as talks about decent size in china from the official technological supply chain and chinese talk about economic self reliance, which is essentially the americanizing its supply chain. but at the same time, we're seeing the world's too large economies are recalibrating their global supply chain. so very much in the ballpark world and overlapping. so i think in the future,

we're going to see a different form of globalization with the us in china at the center. and we are likely to see 2 parallel systems of bo, global supply chains. and the o. d, either multilateral architecture. much, what's your view on this reordering of the global system? it's something that famines national has long cold for, i should imagine. it's not quite in line with the way devil sees the future, but what does oxfam look for? i think we're looking for a more equal future. i think we're looking for a future where there is a lot less wealth and power in the hands of a tiny group of people. and yes, we're seeing some recalibration of between the great power blocks, but nothing is stopped the nor was accumulation of wealth, whether those chinese billionaires or american bananas. so we would like to see a fair version of globalization, which seems more of the value that is created in the world. can't buy those at the bottom. the not captured by those are the top and that doesn't seem to be much

evidence about yet. do you think globalization in itself is a good system? we would certainly be in favor of a fair globalization. we don't think the old countries can or should cut themselves off in any economic sense. but we do think the globalization we've had over the last 30 years is manifestly failed apart from those at the very, very top. and we're seeing tremendous hardship at the bottom. it's really hard to exaggerate as oaks and we work with some of the poorest people in the world, in africa and asia, but also here in the u. k. where you've got many of the people going to bed hungry . that is not a system that is working for anybody. and i think the anger, the failure of that system is what's driving the part of the reservation of politics and populism. so globalization is clearly failed. and if we're going to have a new globalization, it has to be very different indeed in the jeep. what does

a farrah globalization look like? and kind of realistically be achieved? i think it's great questions on the fair globalization isn't exactly along the lines at max said that in fact, you got to go to the root of the problem. the root of the problem is that hyper globalization are seen the rise of the trans national corporation to the center of world economic distributions and world economic power. and that power has effectively been used in order to concentrate great levels of wealth and income and also political power and agenda setting power in the hands of relatively few people . and those sort of masters of the universe are assembling in divorce now. and i don't believe that they actually have any kind of realistic solutions to the problem and a large number of them party don't even see it as a fundamental problem. so i think their interests are very much kind of short term profit lead

a few look further ahead and look at the instabilities. the instabilities of domestic political systems are the tensions military tensions between various strategic rivals that militarization of governments and so on. increase on spending, and that instability that comes from that military competition. but i think most of them seem to be thinking that they're doing very well. they have large amounts of wealth and power. and i don't think they're going to be fundamentally tackling any of those kind of core problems, despite all that kind of domestic and global, a crises which are kind of overlapping in what people used to call a 100 years ago. the italian philosopher marxist communist liter, antonio grand, she called it an organic crisis. a crisis at the very heart of that system shall, is that a fair criticism of dev also, or, or reflection of dabbles at the global elite and the masters of the universe has ended equals them and they examining are they aware of,

are they discussing the problems of the boston 99 percent of the world there is certainly a increasing disconnect to hear between the worlds of billionaires and economic realities of the why to developing world. however, talking about though the issues including climate change of poverty elimination and a lot of the de bought development issues, particularly surrounding africa, are very much on the agenda at this year's dallas forum. i wanted to say though, a talking about a poverty nation. what is, which is so much in the protest, the currently over the past the 4 decades, sir. so we are seeing china being the biggest variable in lifting the largest at a $100000000.00 middle class on to the global horizon. and i think fundamentally you order to address the poverty issue, development is really the ultimate solution. if we were to look at india, a 1000000000 popular asia, we look at africa over a 1000000000 population. we're looking at oxy on the emerging economies in asia.

another 1000000000 population we're talking about. if we were just able to develop these economies and the conversion insured the global north. and then we are talking about the lifting billions of people in the coming decades. and i think that is the fundamental solution to global poverty. alexis, a fair point, isn't it? the current system has indeed lifted many, many millions, if not billions of people out of poverty. is it not just needing to be a continuation or re imagining of that current system rather than stripping it away? and starting again, i think if you look at the distribution of wealth and income i the last 40 years, remember we only have fallen on planetary boundaries is limits to how much we can grow and keep our planets safe. when you see like 2627 percent of all $0.26 in every new dollar going to the top one percent and crumbs going to the

bottom. yes, it's true. over a long period. you do lift people above the extreme poverty line. you means they're living on $56.00 a day instead of $2.00. that isn't achievement, but we could have done so much better. we've had a fair, a distribution of wealth over the last 40 years. it's so inefficient to give almost all of the wealth. and as our report shows today, 2 thirds of all new wealth in the world has gone to the rich is one percent. the people who don't need it. that is incredibly inefficient. so yes, it drags up the poorest above the extreme poverty line, but enormous cost and enormous inefficiency. so i don't think more of the same as the solution, and i do not think that as we always say with devils asking the arsonists how to put out the fire is a big mistake. these guys are the main beneficiaries of the last 40 years looking to them for solutions is suppose aaron, but it is an opportunity as

a and i wanted to write this question back to shirley. it's an opportunity for oxfam to present a report such as it's done and present a solution as it's done, which has to tax the richest people in the world around 5 percent to create a huge funds that could then lift billions of people out of poverty. davis presents an opportunity to present this solution to them. you wouldn't have it at diverse existed. but to sally, crucially, a people in deb was going to be giving it any credence on a game to discuss it. i think of poverty elimination and trusting the global unit quality and the content with it currently with the u. s. a . raising the interest rates. i was talking with a lot of scholars from the immersion world and they are say, now we are facing a double edged sword. if americans are feeding the pains or the west is feeding the pains of inflation just think of bad people in africa. they are feeding the pay not

only from inflationary pressure or that are essentially spilled over from the deval world that they are actually are being of, you know, they, socially, they are facing, i depreciating local courtesy and well, so it, oh sure that they feel so much more pain in the developing world than that evolved worlds. and so the think the voice is here that are coming from the 2 bobby worlds are making that very clear to the global north. that a lot of these fundamental you shoes, me to be resolved. well, these global elise take seriously this issue of being taxed 5 percent for that particular question. now we have to wait for the coming davos week in the coming days to see if there is any serious discussion about it in the day. what's your feeling on that? do you think this is a solution that anyone at davos will be taking seriously? should they be taking it seriously?

well, if you have of course they must, they have to take it sooner. they should be taking it seriously. but the problem is that they are structurally embedded in a whole system of profit making, which is very short term and related to their own particular institutions, corporations and, and so on. and there is very few kind of, if you like, laws that you could pass at the global level where this would be, they would be forced to. so what diverse does is creates a forum clearly, but it's weighted towards people who can pay a membership fee of several $100000.00 a year, who after then pay $29000.00 to attend this particular meeting. a quarter of them are actually big corporations and their representatives, and you're asking them to tax themselves for the benefit of mankind. and when you look at the entire development agenda for the last 5070 years, they've been talking about alleviating poverty, alleviating hunger in greater equality in the world,

and so on and so forth. but they have not really achieved it in any kind of great way. in fact, they've been failing at it all the time. and the structurally, the qualities have continued to increase and globalization as at the heart of that . so the current form of globalization has had some benefits, but for most people in the world, it actually hasn't. it has made their lives are far worse and looking to diverse and a 1000000000 is of gather their and their corporations. i don't think, i think you may discuss some problems, but i think that market lead corporate lead solutions are very, very unlikely to lead to any kind of solution to, for ordinary people struggling in the world today. my. the, the, the, are you in tech general, antonio terrace? he is outdoors, he's going to be calling where he has in the past week called for the reform of what he calls morally, morally corrupt, global. busy financial system that it needs to take into account countries

vulnerability and certainly in terms of natural disasters that are coming fast and infrequent with climate change, not only take into account countries, g d p. i mean, this sounds like a great idea, but again, is it realistic? i think it's really important to grasp the seriousness of the moment. and it's not just ordinary people all over the world facing a cost of living crisis. it entire nations fight facing a cost of living crisis off the back of things they did not create. they didn't create kind of 19, which it economies incredibly hauled. and they didn't ask for the spin off the impacts of the war and ukraine and the spiraling interest rates in the us. so i think, you know, developing countries already very, very angry after the same vaccine inequality, which seems not a long time ago now. but the memories of policymakers, they saw the rich world,

basically look after its own citizens and ignore everybody else. and now they can see very positive spiraling up. and as your other family said, interest rates rising in the u. s. has a huge impact on the cost of that re payments for countries worldwide. so i do think developing countries are very angry. i think they want to see significant changes to the way the global financial architecture is organized and to see a situation where we have for the 1st time, again in 10 or 20 years and in the for the lowest extensive world war 2, the world bank has said that globally in quality, that is the gap between the rich world and the poor world is growing for foss, this right that we've seen since world war 2. so that's, that's why you're seeing this anger for developing countries. but let's not forget this also within countries too. so here in the u. k, here's divide between rich and poor. so it can be a bit simplistic. we see the rich world of the fact or the poor world as a good guy we're seeing leads all over the world, many of whom are at us making

a lot of money out today's economy. so it is about inequality within countries. and between them. interestingly though, surely we have noticed that a lot of the political leads where she's soon as the prime minister of the u. k. joe biden, the president of us even a manual micron of france, a not a pairing at davos because to stand there in the face of people struggling in their home countries where the rising cost of living doesn't look great into this concern . diverse as a form in its future. douglas, it stops certainly as institution had the light if, but you should to, to consider in water to have the sun long longevity or even relating to the most part and then to global issues. certainly. but let me allow me to explain mr. a 1st hind post covert at that in the depths, so flip her world leaders and the posse thinkers, i thought, lead or sorry,

are appearing in davos. and so there is certain amount of nostalgia. but there is certainly a lot of changes as i personally observe in this year's davos from 4 years ago. this morning i attended a couple of fun events that are related to block chang and the funny shows technology and very, very use you asked the crowd and they were asking questions about how these are the centralized the financial technologies are going to help address the fundamental of financial issues that developing worlds are facing and really on promenades. we're seeing a lot of thought developing world presence and also a lot of the block chain technology isa mat averse and a lot of the disruptive technologies this year. so i think there are many, many aspirational agenda that are beyond the political strive that we as a world of face to day. and we're seeing a lot of technologist, that davos. is that gonna read this year?

and the of these technologies, they are a really sherry ideas that can best at not only disrupt the west to but also into grading the developing world with it. and i, when it comes to political issues, a very big agenda at davos saw it. so this fundamentally debate about democracy and, and i'll talk or see, and we are seeing a large delegation from ukraine that are essentially participating at every level of published discussions this year. and i think the web is probably going to show a foot or side of solidarity a facing that are facing our world today. entity on that into notes of innovation that shirley was still humans davos, having a great spirit of technological innovation. how key is that going to be in finding global solutions to global challenges in this world that is becoming increasingly fragmented? absolutely. i mean technological solutions to major problems like climate change

and so on are, are fundamental. they're really important. but the key thing about technology, it's not a neutral force. technology is in the hands of some people who own or control it. and then they're deployed in order to make very large amounts of money for themselves and government that and use that and incentivize their companies to do those things. so the key issue then remains that although you can have new technology, just like you had new vaccines during the coven, 19 pandemic, which is the ongoing, a use all vaccine nationalism is the key question at the core of everything we've discussed today, really is who holds power, who benefits from the structures of power at the world level today? and what we see is, is in the hands of very few people. but we also see at the other side of it, which is right across the world, we see people going on strike. people marching it against climate change in the climate emergency and saw people sort of fighting for their democratic and economic

rights, et cetera. we see large numbers of ordinary people in various ways resisting this and demanding alternatives. and, but we see that governments are all the world over a not really listening very much. and i think they need to see in a way that their own long term interests are, are deeply d stabilized by political forces, which don't, can't live in the old way. and if the government can't produce and the big corporations can produce, then they're going to be even more political instability, political, which may force other forms of reform and change as well. which may be very difficult to contain. a thought that we must leave our discussion at saturday. thank you very much to all our guest, max lawson, charlie, you and energy palmer. and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website as al jazeera and com. for further discussion to go to our facebook page, that's facebook dot com forward slash ha,

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