full that this is just the beginning and basra will host more championships in the future. for decades, tourists from the region had avoided iraq because of political instability the day on a co op, a heavy. i will come again, buster is very nice and people are so friendly and generous after the use of isolation and sanctions for many here the tournament is not just a sporting event. it's also an opportunity for iraq to revive its ruling region. moved up to like algebra in busta, southern iraq and fans of leno messy are still finding new ways to celebrate his world cup victory with argentina. his face can now be seen growing in this specially designed, cornfield and central province of cordova. a farming engineer designed the coding for the machines, sewing the seats. ah,

this is al jazeera and these are the top stories. ukraine secret services launched an investigation into a helicopter crash and the key region that killed the interior minister and other senior officials. 14 people died, including one chart. afghanistan's government says freezing temperatures have killed at least 70 people, and tens of thousands of cattle across the country. forecasters say the cold snap will continue for at least another week. anti government protesters from across peru are converging on the capital for 2 days of mass demonstrations. they want president, dina bought a water they to resign, and her predecessor pivotal castillo to be released from jail. more than 40 people have died in the unrest that began after he was ousted in december. but he, on a sanchez, has more from lima. the law, something else whole that we saw 71 percent of per williamson, this up to offer government. and many critics and observers, historians,

analysts are saying that the only way to calm people down will be with her resignation. that's what people are demanding more than anything. it's a recognition of the number one big and people here have told me that they will stay in lima no matter how long until she resides. israel supreme court has ordered prime minister benjamin netanyahu to remove a senior member of his government. it rule did ru dairy cannot serve as a minister because he was convicted of tax fraud last year. jerry is a close ally of the prime minister and head of the ultra orthodox shots party. the decision has sparked fears of a political crisis in the new coalition government. congolese security forces have fire tear gas on protesters and the eastern city of goma. demonstrators are calling for the agreed withdrawl of him. 23 rebels from occupy territory to be enforced. your armed group has continued its offensive in the region, despite declarations of a cease fire and troop withdrawals. nurses in england are pressing on with their

2nd strike in as many months demanding higher pay. as the cost of living source, patients have been warned to expect disruption to health care services are those of the headlines. the news continues here on al jazeera. after inside story, thanks for watching ah what's fueling public anger in peru? mass protest calling for a change have taken place for 5 weeks since the former president was impeached and arrested. peru is no stranger to political crises. so how is this one different? and what will it take to fix it?

this is inside story. ah hello and welcome to the program. i'm telling you, navigate on tens of thousands of people are expected to descend on. peruse capital lima for 2 days of anti government protests. ah, they want president, dean avo, arthur to resign an early elections, to be held, many or supporters of her predecessor pedro castillo, and have a similar background to their former leader. they're indigenous to poor and come from rural, peruse, mountainous regions. they say president bello art aid doesn't represent them. she was appointed when castillo was removed from office an early december, and arrested on charges of rebellion and conspiracy. from the 5 weeks of demonstrations, more than 40 people had been killed in confrontations with security forces. it's

almost a tug of america. we often chill to incom, mocker. we've come to lima to defend our country, considering we owned a dictatorial government, a militarist government, which is stained our country with black to them, little by me and didn't that young man? yeah. my i was rage, my only rage is because dina vallarta used to blame. dina, please resign. so the people come down. if you don't resign, the people won't surrender around there. let the whole of peru rise up that the 25 provinces. right. so let's say 10 percent of the population come here to lima because the government is illegitimate. or president barth. i says she's willing to talk to the demonstrators, but that they must gather peacefully. look, give us who said they'd call this issue of demanding early elections is only new excuse to keep taking of the highways and blocking roads. please. we want to work in pace, people and sell them. pearl, desperate to have their hallways cleared,

they want to work to reactivate their economies. ah, join him, you now are a guest in lima as one cloud you election, who is a political analyst writer and play right? his father, juan, let young oquendo as the former vice president of peru and new york is michael shifter, who is a senior fellow at the inter american dialogue and a member of the council on foreign relations. joining us from london is alonzo government, the electra and international relations at oxford university and author of a book on humanitarian law and peruse post conflict reconciliation process. welcome to you all. thanks so much for your time with us on the inside story. one cloud, you know, over in lee, my just give us an assessment of these protests taking place right now, which have the protesters have made their way to the capital lima. what have you been seeing him? what's your assessment of at all? well yes, approximately 1000 or more than 1000 people are coming to lima in this moment,

from different parts of the provinces in buses, renting buses, and they want to take the marble out of the down. they want her to resign, its a political demand and all demands her political. they want a new constitution. they won't be now wanted to revise and they want elections in closer a, in these 2023. so the complete asian is a political situation. it's not a social situation as he's presented by some media. it, for me, it looks very much like the same because i'm bolivian i lived in the room for more than 2 years and also ministry love. but i have the same situation that happened in believe in 2020 when pretty. and i knew it was taken out from

government and she was made to resign. all. so we've been offensive both of these ties with this kind of look of social movement, when in fact was a political movement over thrower. so in general, i think more this of being a political offensive to take blue out of the down rather than a social demand from the people. ok, just one for you. one more for you, one cloud you do you think that the processor getting big enough to actually force the change that people are looking for you say to protest or is are demanding that by the way to resign and they're also demanding early elections. well, it's very difficult to say if she have got to stay, she can stay because she has the army and the police and she has the backup of thought, i would say more than approximately of 80 percent of the population. the difference

is that this 80 percent of the population is not more be life is not in this treat . whereas the other part, the, the radical part is being mobilized with these, all these offensively, with buses and people coming from everywhere with a very aggressive and violent recently actions. so it's very difficult to say if she is going to resign given this lima taking lima offensive today and tomorrow. ok, let's bring in michael sister from new york. do you think that this is a dangerous moment for peru going forward, or does it represent an opportunity for real change? i it strikes me as a very, very dangerous ominous situation in peru. i could get completely out of control. ah

clearly, ah, what started as a set of protests in the south are following the of the impeachment of bitter casteel after he attempted a self qu on december 7th. ah, has spread. i think that the response of the government has made matters worse, has angered people even more is crated, were resentment and on and has warped into something larger. ah, and i think really reflects a lot of the pent up her anger and resentment that people in the south of had that had that they really haven't. ah, enjoyed the fruits of a, of a country that really let's remember, has had very odd high growth rates for many years. and yet there's been a really an abysmal and lack of social investment and commitment to the social agenda. so it's become something odd, much broader and i think their government hasn't reacted very well. and the

congress certainly it wants to cling to their positions and are also on our not, or do not want to be flexible in terms of earlier earlier elections, which is one of the principal demands of the protesters. so i think this is a, this is a very dangerous moment that i think needs to be um, you know, addressed. and hopefully things will calm down. i don't really see the opportunity . ah right now to do something dramatic in a positive way. i think for a boy, are they a could try to change the cabinet and at that might help but, and she's very, very unpopular. ah, she's constitutional president followed all the procedures. but she's very unpopular. she's tied to the congress. she's tied to a military that has committed a lot of abuses and lot of innocent people have been killed, which is, which is just unacceptable. yeah, and speaking of the response by the government, michael bolo, r t a,

a has cracked down harshly. at least 47 protest as have been killed i so far. why do you think that has been such a heavy handed response? i think this is this, it, you know, this is prove. i lived in peru for 4 years during the years of shining path in the late eighties and early 90 ninety's. ah, and unfortunately of you know, on the, the security forces have a record of human rights abuses. that's why there's a strong human rights movement. improved and there's also just a vist mistreatment of the indigenous people of poor people in the south. now a lot of these people also very huge responsibility. policemen have been to policeman that it was burned alive. there have been violence. ah, that is also unacceptable. and so there is security forces. i have a responsibility to restore public order to protect innocent citizens from violence . but there's no justification for the abuses that have been

a poor reported that people that have been killed ah, that were protesting peacefully or were just happened to be in that area and accepted or alonzo over in london. my guess from a lima one claudio a moment ago was saying that this is a pretty much a political offensive, what's taking place in peru right now. do you agree with that assessment and just give me your initial thoughts about the situation? yes, thank you. i don't think i agree because so the political situation improve has several layers. and we can discuss the surface level analysis of specifically to use who the reaction to it and the specific the specificity of the current moment. but he peel off the layers. if you look a little bit more further down into the social order of things, the social contract, the history of the country,

then this can't just be about one specific moment in 2023 or 2022. that there is no longer history of exclusion of people from indigenous ascent and indigenous people in crew having been left out by this, you know, economic growth, economic miracle that michael was talking about. where even if, you know g d p is growing and the macroeconomics numbers are doing well people every day people are basically let alone. if they cannot 5 a kaiser basic needs there's, there's no good health care. there's no public housing. there's educate public education is not work well funded and it's not doing well for people. so the population feels that there's a double standard, a double system. and all of these protests boil down to this difference between the part of crew that is able to take advantage of the quote unquote economic miracle.

and the part of that isn't that is still left behind by a system that privileges that which is in lima is western looking. and, you know, in it connected to international capitalism. whereas in the, in the highlands, in the, and in the south, in the area that are most angry with the government and the status quo or not, they are not able to take advantage of these, you know, benefits. let me read this to you. so because some people say that this crisis has been enhanced by 30 years of neo liberalism, and in fact the constitution that was put in place back in 1993 by 4. he maury really implemented the neo liberal economic model, which has just benefited the rich and the businessmen at the expense of some people in peru. is that an accurate assessment? do you see it that way? so look, i don't think we have

a particularly extremist constitution. i don't think the constitutional text is necessarily the only problem. it has several problems, but there is no way to work around constitutional tests in the proven constitution . it's not like the for example, the trillion constitution that was very much chicago boy, libertarianism. the proven has full in there to produce the kind of systems that wouldn't be able to help people. in fact, they already have has been reduced. the problem is that this emerging middle class is very precarious right now, and it's very easy for them to go back into poverty. so what we need is to make changes in the constitution so that the provision of the safety net of health care of education, of safety are actually actually exist in practice. and they don't because of the

mentality in the country, the privileges in these. what you described as washington consensus dynamics in a text that doesn't necessarily mandate. we could have a different system that is more inclusive. but we can because of the structures in place to what we need actually is a conversation as a nation. a national debate where we accept and particularly lima westernized parts of lima in it goes through some contrition. noticing that the school hasn't worked for everyone. ok, let's bring in one a claudio, because i know that you want to comment on what my guest from london has been saying. and also how comparable i know you compared the situation in peru to bolivia, a little earlier on. but how comparable would it be, for example, to a country like chile, where 3 years ago we saw process taking place and that then eventually led to

a constitutional reform process. will peru heading that direction at any point? you're probably, it's supposed to be yes. and still, the chilean situation was also a political twitch. so the protest or is it demanded a new constitution that brought a new government a government from the left. so it's not that the constitution will change that people will or we violate inequality. what i'll also describes in intervention is a 3rd world situation. it's good for bolivia, for per rule privileges. if the thing is that always we speak about privileges when we refer to the west to the democrats with what and we go to the non

western countries. so as to say, cuba, nobody talks about the privileges in cuba, nobody talks about the gap between the people in power and the people in the normal people, poverty. so i think there is a general speech to condemn these countries like peru that has done in a very intense job for the last 30 years to diminish poverty. and he has succeeded and to have succeeded when it doesn't have succeeded in a swedish standard. but it has diminished extreme poverty very much. and of course, the last 10 years were governments of the left that were away from intronas real attitudes, the last 10 years where governments that were more state oriented than

market oriented. and then you have the conclusion that the last 10 years poverty has increased. so it's a now the blue out of there was a former left piece companion with castillo, now that castillo was taken out of power. she's a tact, i said far left woman, but she was like one month ago from the left. so they want to capture the power again. i don't think the long terms the thesis of a 3rd world country like poverty, not water, and all these long. right. to do that with having the 3rd world are the cause. it's a current tactical cause for the moment to change the government to radicalize

the situation. michael, would it be fair to say that what's lead to the situation is that, you know, there, there was perhaps some people would describe it as incompetence on behalf of castillo, because perhaps of a lack of presidential experience. but also congress continuously put obstacles in his face. and front defend to make sure that he couldn't rule. and that's what got us to the situation today. i think that's true. i, i would add a word to incompetence, which is corruption, which i think has been mentioned so far on the discussion, which i think is an important element to point to know that every single elected president and peru since fuji morien, obviously including for jan. laurie is still in jail for human rights, and corruption charges has been charged with corruption and ok, this is what if you want to know why people are angry and full of resentment. it's be course i and kasteel was no different. it was 6 investigations by the prosecutor

against gusty you. so he's not only incompetent because he had no experience, but he also on he was corrupt, like his predecessors. and i think that that was also a very important factor in why there was this antagonistic relationship with congress. but when you say is exactly true, ah, it shows that there was the hard right in peru, never accepted castillo as legitimate. and he won the election fair and square was very, very close against take off. would you maury? but he was a legitimate elective president of peru. and the fact that there was a sector of the hard right, that was never recognized him and trying to undermine him, also shows that we were dealing with a non democratic, an important part of the congress as well. not the whole congress, but i think a certain a certain sector of the congress, micah let me feel in just about the united states since you speak to us from new

york. we know. 2 that and let's look at this on the international response, because at least 14 countries are right across latin america and the caribbean have condemned the co improved. they've come out in support of castillo, but then you have the united states, for example, which is throwing its support behind the dina blo, artie unelected presidency. so to what it, what does the u. s. a stake in all of this? well i think that i think durable, what day is, is the constitutional to his vice president. and if the president is impeached, then the vice president assume assumes are the power and that, that's totally constitutional. i think that what that, what her mistake was from the outset was that she said in her, for a speech that she was going to complete the term of paper castillo, which is 2026. and that made absolutely no sense because everybody do. if you look at any single pole and peru that the vast majority of peruvians wanted elections right away, not at the end of the term. so i think she's made

a lot of mistakes. look, there are no good options. the u. s. was not gonna support custeel, he attempted to qu, he'd he over the course, the congress and take over the visionary. so that was, i think, suddenly i deserve to be condemned. but a blessed day has not me as that manage this situation. a very well and certainly the armed forces. busy the security forces with human rights violations, is only fuel the protests and the anger at and, and got us to the very a dangerous point where you are today. alonzo al, how do you see this playing out? well, i think a, unfortunately, and the political establishment in lima is and unable or more likely, unwilling to understand the root cause of the protests. they seem to be convinced that this is just a quote unquote terrorist attack on the country with no legitimacy. and that it needs to respond through sheer force,

causing the 50 that the bodies that we have now in the country. so unfortunately, i don't see this plane out in any way that is peaceful, not at least for some time. and i actually think the country where the country requires is a longer process of national discussion about how to change the system, how to change the status quo, so that it includes everyone because it is not possible to tell 101520 percent of the population. well, yes, the state has succeeded already has been reduced. there is, there is no extreme poverty, but people do not need to just be content with not being poor. but people need more than just non overdue. so how does this majority get representation then alonza? so this is the, the proposal that exists right now from indigenous people themselves. from bolivia,

the both that tends to perform the constitution is to establish during national state as in where the nation state is usually seen as one nation. one state recognize that the history of latin america is a history where several nations port and have equal rights and serve equal representation in congress. and i'm more of the centralized structure in politics. unfortunately when, when this is when this was proposed in chile, i would argue lack of a space to properly discuss this generator. a lot of fear that this was going to break up sheila into several little views and the pool was defeated over. doesn't help your nationality was a, one of the big arguments by what on this as he descended into an ism in bolivia. so it doesn't have the right. it hasn't been

a proper space to discuss this idea of changing the status quo of our country's when i why i think more than a constitution, constitutional assembly what peru needs is a is a forum of. busy open consultation, those are those in spanish where the nation can sit together and here the grievances of the people and know what it feels like to be approved. that doesn't have access to health care, doesn't have access to public education. that is not by the police. if they ever complain or, you know, doesn't have actual safety and it's in a state that looks after its population. ok, that process needs start. are right on that. now i will have to leave it there. we've run out of time, but thank you so much. one claudio lecture michael shifter and alan. so graham and thanks for joining us. thanks for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com for further discussion. you can go to our facebook page at facebook dot com forward slash ha inside story. when the

conversation on twitter or handle is a j inside story from myself and the whole team right here in bell. ha, thanks very much for watching. and bye bye for now. ah, 2 years old from mid mas, military cool, the balance of power is shifting. as thousands of pro democracy activists join forces with ethnic minority insurgence forming a united front to take on the military. people in power goes behind the scenes to

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