oh law you know? yeah. and putting soil on the frozen river makes it easier for the growth to crush . otherwise he could slip and fall off. our deeds had few. marbella de la g had, as the weather gets warmer, we see less rain and snow, and grazing lands are shrinking. it's causing diseases to spread among the livestock. there isn't enough grazing that showed the goats aren't healthy and strong. we depend on supplementary food, which is an additional cost that we aren't able to make up. what you in the junior, okay here been, you know, una one, mo, linelle one back in the day because of the cold weather. the passion a gulch used to have fine will low again, but now with the warm temperatures, the quality is not as good yet low has colored, but she will. oh yeah, you would flip dropped your j about 7 to families used to live here. but most of them have migrated one,

the 11 families are left. it says that nathan went by you and planning to give up my nomadic life. i sold half my life stock and will shall dress in the coming days . look, human will. i will move to live for an easier life, but i will miss his land, though physically have not been carnac. my soul always remain here. ah, all this is al jazeera and this is the top stories, the sour, the u. s. is designating rushes. wagner group is an international criminal organization. it says about $50000.00, others mercenaries of fighting and ukraine. the classification will allow the us to apply wider sanctions to the group. ali has him, has the reaction from moscow?

seems that to them this was expected and for the russians, this is expected. the name of wagner has been circulating for some time now, especially in the past the few weeks with respect to the war in ukraine. of course, the 1st mention of, of wagner was in 2014, when the 1st annexation of korean crimea happened. so this was quite expected here to moscow. but germany has not yet decided whether to send leopard to battle tanks to ukraine, despite pressure from its nitro partners, defense ministers from more than 50 countries making germany on friday to discuss the next stage of military support for keith. palestinian man has been shot dead by an israeli settler in the occupied west bank to rico de marley was killed near the village of frost cocker. west of ramallah video footage posted on line appears to show him chasing a settler who then stopped and shot him is ready for the say. he was shot to

prevent a stabbing. dozens of people have been injured in peru as police confronted crowns demanding the resignation of prison dina below what i want, i has accused them of trying to seize power, but those are the headlines. the news continues here on al jazeera, after counting the cost up. next we understand the difference of count just across the ground. so no matter how you take it out here in the news and current to fast a ah, i

ha moline site, this is counting the cost on al jazeera this week from the corona virus pandemic to the war in ukraine. crisis upon crisis threatens to fracture the global economy off to decades of integration, ease, globalization, breaking down, or is it transforming? also this week, the wealth, richest one percent poked, had nearly twice as much wealth as every one else over the last 2 years. so how can the yawning inequality gap be bridged? and sweden discovers the largest deposit of red earth metals in europe. we explore if this could help reduce the continents dependence on china. ah, the end of the cold war, free trade and technological advances of all helps create a global system that is acutely sensitive to what is happening. on the, on the side of the world. globalization has been credited for developing economies,

increasing incomes, and lifting millions of people out of poverty. the pandemic and the war in ukraine is exposed. the fragility of that economic interdependence. your past reduced its reliance on russian fossil fuels and cut off moscow from the west. financial system, the u. s. is in a trade with china. protectionism is on the rise and companies on moving supply chains closer to home. the perfect storm of events is putting the wells economic order at risk. the international monetary fund warns that declining international cooperation could shrink global output by up to 70 percent. the issue was high on the agenda, the world economic forum in davos, where the un secretary general had some advice for the u. s. and china. weirdest quarter of gold, the great fracture, the decoupling of the world's largest economies thought griff, that we could hear 2 different sets of 3rd rules, 2 dominant currencies,

2 internets, and 2 conflicting strategies, auto deficiency intelligence. this is the last thing we need. so all we seeing the demise of globalization and percentage of trade that makes up global g d p is one important measure. let's take a look at this chart. as you can see, it peaked nearly 60 percent in 2008 exports as a share of global output had been flat or lower since the financial crisis. they dipped sharply during the pandemic in 2020. but then they rose again in 2021 to almost 57 percent of global g d p. and trade hit a record $28.00 and a half trillion dollars. that's here to unpack all of that on join. now by simon, even it's for geneva, some is a professor of international trade and economic development at the university of st

. gallon. thank you for joining the program. simon. always seeing the demise of globalization. we're not seeing the demands of globalization. what you're seeing is it's kind of like a run going from a sprint to a jog. essentially, we're seeing a deceleration in the growth along some dimensions, but still a massive, especially in digital, digital delivered services. that's growing up the clapper. but do you think the benefits of the globalization outweigh the jeer political problems that we've seen that it's help create on that? yes, the benefits of globalization would be enormous. just talk to the millions of hundreds of millions of asians who have been lifted out of poverty as a result of the product of the last 30 years. that has been dislocation, especially in those western countries that have been unable to retrain their labor forces out in educate them properly in the 1st place. so there is a problem there. as for the geo politics, yes, they're awesome supply chains. where you can find sort of critical materials in

a small number of locations. but actually as people have looked into those, the number of those cases are fewer than you would often think. it really, if you listen to some of the commentary, data does show that protectionists, trade policies have been growing. foss had been liberalizing ones in recent years. is the idea a free trade or trade without constraints finished on thank you. all right to side from my team to donald collecting information. and what we are seeing is now governments, i think thinking again about full throttle globalization. not necessarily doing it in a non question. some of them have been acting, especially the big players very strategically. over the past decade, also using protection tools, so you can revise. the problem is become a lot messy. but i still think it's the baseline against which policy is ultimately, just do you think it's gone too far? has globalization gone too far?

obviously not actually. i think there's plenty of room for going further with globalization, but it will again, this will happen if it's managed well internally and a lot of the problems we have the access gates liberalization is because people are fearful of losing their jobs and they don't think they're going to get a suitable job afterwards or get rehired. so we've got to find ways to support people with transition and in countries been do this, rob a, well, maybe the ones in northern, your countries like denmark, is a lot more support for globalization. i think that's the real lesson, but if we don't get all domestic labor market sorts now, then yes, there's going to be a constraint on how far mobilize ation. we're going future in touch briefly on the vulnerabilities we've seen and supply chains as a result of the war and ukraine coded as well. one example is the shortage of

medicine that we're currently seeing in europe. the world trade organization has said that re globalization is the onset, what exactly is re globalization and is that the future? so i think what the trade organization is trying to advocate here is thinking of ways in which you can use globalization to diversify supply chains and limit the risk of being dependent on any one supplier. and i think the risk management perspective is a really small way of looking at this because no countries should be dependent on any one. so small sort of supplies, even including domestic suppliers and sometimes food out on the job. and so i think it to the extent that re globalization is really extra risk management. and bennett, diversified sourcing. that makes a lot of sense. a china, of course, one of the biggest beneficiaries of globalization. but things have changed a lot in recent years. it's now locked in a trade war with the united states. where do you see its relationship with the

united states going could we see a 2 parallel supply chain system? the us china relationship is very fruit of the moment. i think we all beginning to see some attempt to try and define what prison find and boundaries or to the competition between these countries. we have not process goes forward, but it has been a rocky, you know, 5 or 10 years between, between them and to the extent of both the united states and china did find that they want to change their sourcing patent might be being less global, more regional then you are going to see companies adjust. i think that is, that is potentially on the table with a lot of regionalization of supply chain. and by the way, i think a lot of the private sector is already moving in that direction. we're beginning to see that in some factors we transitioning, do you think into a new economic order,

which is no longer dollar denominated? we are transitioning away from the globalization, becoming one of the $990.00 s. what we're going to want is still unclear. i don't buy the argument, we're splitting into 2 blocks. there will definitely be a western block, probably centered around the united states and a number of english speaking nations, possibly with the european union in there. but then when you turn to the large emerging market, so they're pretty clear that they don't want to be part of the western block. it's not clear, but there is no western countries operate much together. so if anything, i think we're, we're going off in a pretty nice situation where there's a lot of, of the blocks between the emerging market and maybe a western court. so in that sense, it's going to be pretty messy going forward. i think the idea that we're going to have to rigid blocks, like we saw off during the cold war, goes to fall. what would be that easy to find a word? what do you think the consequences of d, globalization or i mean can,

can the wills economies actually survive independently? i think the, the consequences of globalization are going to be very severe for the cost of producing a number of goods. so we've benefited enormously from having large production runs by concentrating reduction in maybe a small number of places for different types of quantities. if you start chopping up those supply chains and new firms with much smaller production unit costs will be higher, prices will be higher, inflation will be higher. so this will stand, i think we will see in a hit to our living standards. if we move toward the globalization, and this is the part of the story which the advocates of the globalization, how are not sharing with, with the public actually fascinating to talk to you simon everett from geneva, professor international trade and economic development at the university of thank alan, thank you. thank you. ah. well,

while globalization is credited for lifting millions of people out of poverty, it's also been criticized for increasing inequality and the world's billionaires have been rocking up more wealth than everyone else. over the past 2 years, oxfam says that the wealthiest one percent a mass more than 40 trillion dollars in new wealth during that period, that's almost twice as much as the rest of the world. combined. oxfam says the fortunes of the wealthiest one percent of the population increased $2700000000.00 each day. a billionaire and around $1700000.00 for every $1.00 and find the remaining 90 percent. and for the 1st time in a quarter of a century, extreme wealth and extreme policy increased simultaneously. the report says at least 1700000000 employees live in countries where inflation is outpacing wage growth, causing hundreds of millions of people to go hungry. orchestra is calling for

higher taxes for the rich. it says a 5 percent levy on the wealthy would raise about $1.00 trillion dollars a year. joining me now from london is pulls the gal rita in economics of development at the department of international development of kings college london . thank you for joining the show. so, we've been discussing globalization in the show. how much is it to be blamed? the wealth inequality, again, globalization is a complex one. i mean, it's certainly true that people who are very top of the wealth distribution of benefit law from the mobility of capital and firms to invest across countries and, and trade across countries are increasing where each of the last several decades go by. vision is also being pretty key in raising a lot of incomes at the bottom of the global income distribution. so touches like china and india, but if you to at very high levels of poverty,

they seem very rapid growth and including very rapid growth, low down to distributions that have been key to reducing poverty. and therefore, helping to mediate some extent, the rising called you at the same time. so what is the reason behind this massive growth in wealth? we're seeing the super rich. why do the ritual will become richer? so there's a long story short story. so the long run story is. ready past 4 decades, also the taxes on the very rich have gone down dramatically. and that means that the very rich have been able to increase the share of the pines global growth of the past several decades. the rich have been taking and increasing share that pi at the expense of everyone else. so that's a long story. then there's also the short run story of the last 2 or 3 years close by the co pandemic. and then what we had was government injected very large amounts of money into the economy in order to stimulate the economy in order to reduce the recession, re fax of the covey panoramic. now that was including to do government needed to do

that to support the economy to. ready support people's incomes, but if you like a side effect of that, what would it massively inflated asset prices? which meant that it massively inflated the wealth of the people who own the assets, which is of course, predominantly the very wealthy. so there's a disproportionate effect. increasing the wealth of very rich, which means now be. ready opportune time, as people arguing to tax back some of that wealth in order to fund some of the public services that we so desperately need at this time. and where do you see this wealth gap going? i mean, of course, a lot of people struggling with high prices with inflation as the war and ukraine. what impact is that going to have on that wealth gap? so the one ukraine, it's led to a spike in prices of things like energy and foods. and those of course future much more heavily in the budget, the household budget people low down income distribution, poor and middle class household spend

a much higher share their income on food and energy than do the very rich. so that increase in price, it is certainly increasing inequality at the moment. now as we see that subside. ready hopefully, well, we don't know what can happen with the war, but hopefully those prices will start to come down the next year or 2. and to some extent, we might see a partial reversal back. that's what i'm hopeful for. but of course, continental has any progress been made at all in tackling and equality. i would say a very interesting case here. this case of china, china had a very rapid rise and any quality optic opening up in the late seventy's and eighty's. as part of a rapid growth model. certain regions in particular grew very fast, whereas other stagnated. and that meant that they've been rapid writing and quoting china until a little bit after 2000 until the early 2, thousands. since then chinese been quite successful. ready in increasing social spending on core effect to society would just have to be different,

but also the key less. and i think that a lot of the world can learn from china. if the china investor locked in is poor regions. so it took kind of a developmental based approach to the core areas to increase the productivity and through that to increase the wages of, of workers in puerto regions. and that's been highly successful in stabilizing and maybe even reducing any quality in china. and also more generally around the world, we see there's an increase movement towards stronger or there's public pressure, let's say to stronger trade unions is a lot of labor activism. and historically labor activism has been one of the key drivers of producing any quality. so if we support baton, if governments are willing to support increased stronger trade unions, increased light activism and simple policies like rating minimum wages, those have been, those policies have been proven to reducing the quality historically and they can do it again. if the political will. you touched on tax, we've had from oxfam and,

and all those at w calling for taxes on the super rich. it's not a new idea, but many governments have resisted it. why? the simple reason is that billionaires and the other very wealthy people tend to lobby governments to persuade them, not to do it. i mean, they're always inviting senior politicians to parties on the yachts. we know that happens. it's well documented. it's not even surprise to hear it, but it's not that we shouldn't be surprised either that after they come back from those parties on you're feeling a lot more friendly. ready to be and as and, and don't feel inclined from some policies that they're likely to compromise the interest, but actually go deeper. the math and the bigger problem we have is not just as direct access to politicians for the fact the months for mainstream media is dominated by being that owners. so they're very able and, and do it all the time to get their media outlets to essentially promulgate their interests. the arguments are in their interests. and even when you have a very popular policy, like a wealth tax on the very rich, the extremely popular,

the mainstream media coverage or bait. and they diminish it because they owned the meet you out with themselves and by the interests the policies are compromised. so do you think taxing the rich or taxing the big corporations is the solution in bridging that inequality, it's definitely a big part of the solution. i mean, the rich have a, have a very increased share of the pie compared to 40 years ago. and and that means that simple redistribution simply taking money from those who have excessive amounts of it and restricting it, redistributing it to others, especially by a public services and public investment that helps boost productivity and well being through the economy. that's certainly a large part of, of the strategy we should be you introducing equality pretty good to talk to a poor seagal rita in economics of development at the department of international

development at kings college london. thank you. thank you. they are found in phones, tv, computers, and batteries. rare minerals are an essential component of everyday products to spot the name. the 17 heavy muscles are found in abundance in many parts of the world. but mining and extracting them is costly and harmful to the environments. china dominates the market and know elements of mind. a tool in europe for discovery in sweden is hoping to change the continents fortunes. a swedish stay own mining company says it's discovered europe's largest deposit of the minerals. the fun. l. k be announced. it's found more than a 1000000 tons of red oxides in korina in the north. the u. s. has increased investment in the us to rival china's dominance of the market. i'm joined now by nobel, much harry from lou van in belgium. he is the executive officer and actually general

at the global ret industry association. thank you for joining the program. mr. cherry. how significant is sweden's discovery of us by numbers? it's quite significant, but we still need to, you know, see ah, you know, how, how much time it takes to develop that mine and what is the, you know, quality of that mine or not how much better element actually is. there are in a recoverable form and also, as you know, that there are 17 elements within the sort of group. and how many of the rad doable, loud up to like, you know? indeed your to me, m plus your to me, m t b m on, on dispos him are in that deposit, which is necessary for the, you know, for the high performance magnets which are yours. in the modern technologies, you know, like our laptops, mobile phones. now when done of g turbine, sun,

electric cars, so still low, but of what needs to be done to identify how economical would be the deposit to be mind. and what kind of time frame are we looking out for getting these rare materials into the market? and the company itself, states, you know, it takes, you know, 15 years at least to develop this deposit into a fully operational in line. and, and best rule for many in or any mining project takes long time to develop ah, an, an, an, an a, b, c? no. okay. we have the material now 151520 years is not bad because the demand we for see in next, you know, 25 years. so there are products that get birdie by this time when there is a huge surge in demand, demand is actually going up. so it's a reasonable time that the more, you know, all the deposit up, get ready for the future demand. we talked about the potential harm to the

environment in getting it out of the ground. but it's also very important for the future in terms of green energy, isn't it? how do you get that balance? right? and i said this misconception in the general process that your mining is on for a specific amount of mining is harmful. it's, it's not the case nor it's, you know, in some examples you have that, you know, mining has caused some environmental problems in countries. name is shiara, man, mar, but a countries like ever stern country like you know, spirit, it can be sustainably mind and brain goose on processed. and, and you said this is where the in bought. this is called industrial white means. now you don't need huge quantities like corporate or aluminum. you need tiny quantities off these elements, which is necessary for, you know, for the n o detention if he are going to drive the elect because in all over the world. and if you, if you are producing, giving technology new energy without carbon emissions,

these are the ingredients that you need to have. we know that europe has been aiming to reduce its reliance on china when it comes to these kind of rare materials. we know the u. s. wants to rival at beijing's dominance, where do you see the market dynamics going? china has been working on china. good, a good, a deposit of these elements and it has been working last 30 years tirelessly to develop and, and move in the value chain. and actually china didn't day. kevin, this from western countries, actually we gave it like any other industry because of the, of the cost structure. so he gave, you know, all that thing to the, the, the developing world. ah, and, and then as there are also a number of projects you know, coming up in, in advanced countries like was failure, canada, a couple of african countries and also in south america, it,

it bought off the demand that him demand will be so huge that no can be single handedly can manage these demand and can produce even china states itself in a big cannot be the, the, the factory of the world, especially for these elements. and so, and i'm the end of the, you know, the, the global warming claim, a chain disagreeable problem. so we have to solve it, and we have to find solutions globally. ah, so, so this kind of elements produce all j. china can only meet the demand in europe or us, partially and, and, and china will still door me and lead the market in the settlement because to how built it on behalf all the capacity technology. ah, to do this. and david, david continued to drive this market in a, you know, in the near future when he got to talk to an appeal, non terry from live on, in belgium, executive officer and secretary general of the r e. i a, the global where s industry. thank you. thank you. thank you so much. and that

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