40 years of denying their own scientific evidence, i thought that i could important them to change their business plan. this was very naive of decisions that claimed our future is just pure evil. i don't know what to say big oil's big lies ought to on a just 0. the scale over destruction when you see it by air is shocking. more than 70 percent of the buildings in this town have been totally destroy tons and tons and tons of thousands of people homeless. across this region, every adverts turned into accommodating libraries who don't even have temporary shelters. many of my friends that we have lost and hope to a future together are now gone. ah

hello, i'm elizabeth brought him in doha with the top stories on al jazeera. the u. s. secretary of state has told his chinese counterpart that the violation of american a space by chinese spy balloon must never happen again. anthony blank and met wonky and munich a few weeks after us fighter jets shut the door and down. bathing says it was a weather balloon. that blew off course, there was no apology. ah, but what i can also tell you is this was an opportunity to speak very clearly and very directly about the fact that china sent a surveillance balloon over our territory, violating our sovereignty, violating international law. and i told him quite simply that that was unacceptable . and can never happen again. were, of course not the only ones on the receiving end of the surveillance balloons. more than 40 countries have had these balloons fly over them. oh, in recent years, and that's been exposed to the world. now that meeting came on the side lines of the security conference and munich with a bite and administration level,

its most serious condemnation of russia's invasion of ukraine. in the case of russia's actions in ukraine. we have examined the evidence, we know the legal standards, and there is no doubt. these are crimes against humanity. now admits camara. secretary general of amnesty international and she says the international community will have to greatly increase its capacity to put people on trial for war crimes. they are so many crimes that have been committed. we probably need additional investment additional mechanisms. the international community is very interested in trying the crime of aggression because russia

committed a violation of the un charter it, it is a crime of aggression for which there must be accountability. the international criminal court cannot do that. the ukrainian judicial system cannot do that very well. in fact, the ukrainian judicial system cannot handle crimes against humanity at the moment. now also attending the munich security conference as european commission president ursula vonda nan. and she says, defense production as being wrapped up to meet the demands of the ukraine war. we are convening the european defense industry. basically ask them, what is it, what you need to scale up to speed up. that's important. and we have these infrastructure for that. the european piece facility and of course they are used to do the procurement and to have the funding and important is like we did with vaccine to be very clear. this is a standardized production of ammunition. what is it worth to need to scale up and

to speed up? we're gonna give it to you. now another news, turkey and syria, still recovering after the devastating earthquakes that have left at least $46000.00 people dead. but even as rescue operations, why down emergency crews are still finding survivors. a couple of their child were rescued in hut i on saturday, 13 days after the earthquakes, the victims were trapped under the rubble for 296 hours. but the child later died in hospital the sister of north korean leader kim jong on has urged the u. s. to stop what she calls all acts threatening young gang security. the comments come just hours after north korea said it had tested an intercontinental ballistic missile. japan's defense minister, he says, the mas are landed in it's exclusive economics on a rocket has struck a building and central damascus. local report say it was fired by israeli forces. the building that was head is said to be near

a large security complex and close to iranian installations. several people have been injured. protests have been held against is when's israel's coalition government for 7th successive weak, tens of thousands gathered and found a vive to demonstrate against prime minister benjamin netanyahu is proposals to change the judicial system. he wants to limit the supreme court's powers. but those are the headlines on al jazeera, the bottom line is coming up next. ah hi, i'm steve clements and i have a question after yet another killing of a black american at the hands of the police. what's happening with police reform? let's get to the bottom line. ah, the family of tyree nichols was present at the state of the union address when

president joe biden asked congress once again to quote, finished the job of police reform. when 29 year old tyree was stopped by police last month in memphis, tennessee. what was supposed to be a routine traffic stop escalated into a brutal beating? after being teased, he tried to run unarmed, to the house where his mother was calling out to her. it was heartbreaking. some officers had him restrained while others were still punching him and boasted about it on video. it was so severe that tyree had to be taken to the hospital where he died. 3 days later, the officers on the scene had been fired and charged with murder, but the killing, like the murder of george floyd almost 3 years ago, begs the question, is it just a few bad apples on the police force or a system full of institutional and cultural failures to day, we're talking with bad john city, warren police officer in memphis, who now teaches criminology at georgia state university and as a senior fellow at the council on criminal justice that thank you so much for joining us. as i was mentioning to you earlier,

this topic is one that i feel like we need to talk about. we need to address. we should be talking about it all the time. not just when we have a her rec accident or incident that has happened like now, but let me ask you, do you have any confidence that these moments of real horror out there are leading us in any real direction towards genuine police reform? some thank you for having me and that's a wonderful question. i do believe that these signatory events have impacted how we think about reform, but also the need for reform. so for instance, with george floyd, the one thing that i felt was there was a racial rate reckoning in the us. i think for far too long, people believe that black and marginal last communities that call the wolf when it comes to the police because oftentimes are sacrament. these don't experience what we tend to experience in our neighborhoods and without deals with the police or the feelings of fear and trauma that comes across in these interactions. and so what i

have seen is that, but congress to move local governments have moved state government. 1 to move, even in the absence of federal the federal government passing the georgia board act . and so we've seen a multitude of reforms 3 to 400 for the past at the local state level since george lewis dealt with terry nichols deaf. i think what about what about protection will stops on necessary stops in the risk? why do black people resist? what about the specialized eunice? and so we become more intelligent about how we think about reform. i will say that we had calls for defined the police after george lloyd, and we saw america come through with education educating them, sales and understanding when the crowd rates went up. realize that we do have a role for police. but i think the main thing that has happened is, what is the role of the police? and are we asking too much about police officers? and are we making enough investments? not just policing, but in criminal justice. so i think we're taking

a much more broader but also deeper approach. understanding what's going on with policing and how the system works. you know the unit that these police officers who murdered tyree nichols allegedly who were fired by the memphis police department were part of a union unit called the scorpions scorpions folks stands for street crime operations for restoring peace. what has happened in police departments from your perspective on the restoring and preserving piece part of the equation? thanks for bringing up the name of the unit. scorpion, i think far too often in police when we take for granted what names mean? what symbols mean? what the uniform means that research shows that these things matter. so 1st i want to say that naming unit score unit does not invoke the guardian style of mindset that we talked about. the 21st policing it carries on there will be a mentality, has gotten policing and trouble for far too long. and let me set the record straight. a lot of these units are performing correctly. a lot of these units have

seen great impacts. the lot of these units have passed the crime that they're targeting without making the but taking the broken windows approach, where the stop or frisk approach, or the pre textual approach. many of these units are using intelligence that data driven and meditation is also have better supervision. i think a lot of things that we saw we missed isn't a top nipples case was that we saw officers who weren't competent officers who were obviously not actively trained. we saw a subculture within the unit, which could be part of a broader cell culture or specific to that. but we also saw a lack of oversight and accountability. and we also saw that was most disturbing about this particular unit and targets nicholas case is that the fact that they thought that this was real policing. and this goes to how we evaluate and promote offices to these units. you know, we have to look at police and as a industry and then the things that we do to reform, all the industries can be used in policing. and i think that, yes,

we need to look at the special as soon as we just like we started talking about the font, the police, and the emotional out the met. we did take a look back and really see what's the purpose of these units. what's the purpose of and how do we suppress 5? are we trying to suppress prime, but a lot of our grandkids don't have to deal with this, or we're just trying to get fleeting gains to get political points or 4 officers try to move up their pathway up the ranks. one of the things that struck me about the tyree nichols cases that the police in this case happened to be black or there are their mistakes that we're making and racialize in some of our discussions about the problems and policing today. absolutely. busy in there, in the back, it's a magic bullet, county policing, or we get more women get more black officers. we get more college as a kid officers. and you have to really make sure you understand what you're doing. you know, oftentimes was an interaction between police and citizens, is less about the race of the officer. more about the race of the citizens as being

impacted. and what i mean is nobody, black, white, green, purple, blue, whatever, we're our is a meal from anti black messaging that these, these spheres of a black me. and in particularly these patriarchal values that we have in the us. that plus women much differently doing those black men as harmful effects and many other marginalized groups. and so that's 1st let's talk about the black resistance in black fear. know as a police officer, right? a uniform way home. i will, i'll pull that will before and my heart was racing fairs. my mother had to talk with me and i was raised on to respect police. not because necessarily have the best relationship and respect and, but my mother didn't want me to end up on the news. and so if you try and she is in this way, black here some ways of these communities. i think what it does in a farms down, but it also system of additional x is a patient. and so we have to try to found the balance and talk about these things responsibly. fight, flight,

or freeze are 3 not responses when it comes to fear of crime. police see the additional resistance and black communities and dealing with black citizens is not because they are more criminal, is not because they despise police. research shows that in many black communities, they want more policing. they just want to be treated fairly and respect imagery, treated humanely, but that fear can cause you to test up, their fear can cause these things to be somewhat exaggerated, but it comes from a real place is historical. in many times we see these videos. it also causes and raises that fear level. and so often times that many of the cases you've seen resistance. and the one thing that we're irks me, people always ask, whoa if black people don't want to be killed or hurt by the police, they should comply. well, it's not just as simple as truth in that, but there's no trust right there. the trust has been eroded. and if you saw with mr . nipples, he was try to deescalate the, the, the conflict. when he got up and ran,

i surmised that he was running for his life. in many other ties, we've seen these instances happen where these people are running for their last because we're afraid people think black resistance thought of results because of defiance. often is because a desperation and fear from the trauma of these. if i carelessly or personally with these relationships and so it also goals a show that we house of systemic issues that often elpac the transaction between police and citizens. i think the big thing we're talking about is you, do, you need to tear down these departments down to the, the floor and build them back? or is there an incremental, you know, we can tweak our way through these problems. i mean, do we need to overhaul the system or are there reforms that can come in and kind of become anti gens in the system and begin, begin changing it. so love to get your insights on that, given your experience and both sides of the equation. oh, that's a great question. nelson's house, and i'm talking i use the term we and oftentimes we refer to the black community

and we refers to law enforcement. and so often say that my wife calls me a walk in paradox because i understand the amenities offices are very good people, amenities officers want to do right. and they want to serve purpose of the public in a safe and just manner. now oftentimes you think this is back, this behavior happens in a vacuum and it does, it is policy is training is leadership and not just departmental leadership is also the city level leadership. and we have to hold our seating level leaders accountable as well as police chief, because we often make police officers escape go. what i'll tell you right now. most police officers, their behavior alliance with policy and culture. and you can have all the policies that you want, but if you don't enforce them, this is a message for culture. i will also say many times, you know, people have been disappointed in the. busy federal government, i don't think it is, is earth shattering or the end today? because at the end of the day, reform starts with the local level with police and the community that they're

serving a local government. and so, yes, many places have come out with great things like the council on criminal justice, our task force, camera recommendations like increased data collection duty to intervene trauma from the approaches national training standards, the certification registries. all of these things are vitally important because we have to think about police reform over the long term. we and our generation may not see the full benefit of it. it may be our grandkids. they're actually able to do it, but we have to be in it for the long haul. are given to some details. we've seen places license and that he who made changes. yes because of federal input, but they made changes. they took in around with it. and as long as they had the political we'll, we saw improvements. but once they moved away from that reform about 7 to 10 years later, things started going back on the downside and where they were before they made these reforms. so it shows that reform has to be sustain and it can't be a flash in a pan. so a couple of things is this. how to the officers. everybody wants to hire college to

get it officers, but you have to pay them. so we can't find a police if we want to hire the best top quality officers. research shows that the higher opinion jobs recruit in attractive retain more, a superior workforce, the same thing, goals for policing. also training. you know, the basic training in service training. we have to take a seriously and measured, align with 21st century policing. our leaders, are they train? are they competent? how are they presented? what was their background checks? what was the promotion pathway? what? what does their record looks like to do? they hold their officers accountable. so as these things, and so i will say that it's a lot of these agencies can do right now. well, let me, let me jump in here. i want you to keep going on because i want to ask you a question. kenneth corey, who's a former police chief of new york city, has said that what we ask of our cops is that they think like lawyers speak like psychologist in perform like athletes. what we pay them is common labors,

which is exactly the point you're making. and the question is, do you have any insights into the prescription that might address this problem of the seeming mismatch of skills and training with what we x and the pay that we're paying officers. if we want better officers, we have to make investments in apple. these force, you know, let me just say it is about 80 to 90 percent of all police department expenditures go towards salaries and benefits. they're not rolling over in the dough. and so this is oftentimes we saw the militarization of police and why, why to these departments clamoring towards these monies and his equipment because they are thirsty for more resources and better resources. you also have a manpower issue. so we, yes, we need to try and better yesterday to do these things. but remember, i told you police departments, police officer policy compliant and their behavior that happened back. and we said that many of these, these, these, these cases are spurred out of office every contact with police officers are not

treat assistance fairly, not explaining to them what was going on, not invoking procedural justice. so a lot of it goes with that and why the police officers response so aggressively. why the police officers shaped down the rest of citations, oftentimes those without a public safety value, the police were, was structured. so speaking of pay, we have to understand the help of these are promoted and invest weighs heavily on those quote unquote invisible folders that nobody wants to talk about. and so those are all the about 10 to 15 percent of the job. and so right. 2 her and better quality officers better training that's going to take time because she's just not getting rid of office without due process. but in the meantime, you can change how we interact with citizens. that we spend 85 percent of our job community building and other actions is not not engaging lawbreakers and just law abiding citizens. why not reward office for that?

we wonder why has the community policing taken off? it's been around for ever. is that a new concept? but we have not aligned our war structures, incentives, our promotion structures with how the public needs to be served to keep up with 21st century policing. and so oftentimes with how we were war police officers, we put offices and citizens and adversarial confrontations on necessarily remember the fear that back fear a police. you throw that in into these things and police officers who are not trying for 21st century policing. they're still trying, like you're being trying it in the old old guard regime. you can see how conflict can come together. i mean, research shows that black people over, but please list any less, oftentimes shows that they want the same amount or more policing. remember, is how they're approaching, how they're dealt with in the last thing, i'll say, you know, you ask the question or this will be overhaul the complete system. let me get some stats. oftentimes we fall to focus on the use of force and police killings. someone

else there's a legally justify, and i'm not saying that they're not lawful but awful, but we need to prevent those things from, from escalating preventing that trigger. but remember this 1200 people, what you about police officers or after the past couple years or average, the police have 50 or 60000000 contacts with citizens. and so that means they're less than point 002 percent of all cases result in built in the city of myths you. so $800.00 calls a service each year and $2122.00. they reported about 1200 uses force reports. now say they don't report everything, even if it was double that assailed as a 2500 use of force. incidence that happened or divided by $800000.00 best still less than one percent. and so i think a major issue is useful for us will need to understand is a reasonable and then how do we prevent that? remove the pretext of policing and reward officers for the job they want. why you think we don't have many women supervisors? why isn't it attracted to women other marginalized and non white groups?

because research shows at the time of police and then i'm talking about is felice and that they're actually retract it to. right? not this old bar. and so out, i'll just sit up on that. yes, no, no i, i, it's important and look, i really liked at the beginning of our conversation that you mentioned that there are departments out there that are data driven that are paying attention to feedback, you know, responding to it, figuring how they're improving. i'm also a data guy, and so one of the data points that has come out of the, you know, memphis police training manuals is that they spend about 208 hours, believe it or not, on firearms training. and about 10 hours on conflict resolution de escalation. does that have to shift from your perspective as part of it? right? because i remember gauntlet at the same attack and i could fight, i could run, i could die by the below. i had raised a viable check that i could shoot, but i didn't receive much try in the escalation or did the with special populations

. how do i deal with juveniles? how do i deal? so models help with a mental health. so how do i deal with these things when you leave the academy thinking, you're going to fight a foreign airbus every every day instead of your community member. so i think you know, that war, your mentality, that us versus deal is pervasive in the academy. and so this is why you can say that it's deeper than who you higher if you some people say that you are a college kid hitting officers. they bring certain skill sets in, but dependent on their training. and not just basic training their field training officer, the and service trainer, which is more repetitive, the reward structure to really dictate on how they police and they could become tainted by all of those things. and what they came to the force for, right. they real last of the jobs to pay their bills, particular to kids and all these things that the job requires all the things. and so there's a mismatch. and what we're saying we want to do right in how we're training and how we're rewarding. i watched president biden's state of the union address,

i guess about 20000000 other americans did. and he acknowledged tyree nichols, parents up in the, in the viewing gallery and said to congress, finished the job and, and past the george floyd justice and policing act. here's the thing that i'm struggling with, let's imagine, and i have to say, i don't think it'll, it'll pass. i don't either from what i see in congress that a, i don't think that policing act is going to pass those. but my cards on the table. but if it did pass, would it solve this underlying problem? are we again talking about the wrong thing, distracted by the wrong thing? give us your final thoughts here. may absolutely oh everybody was up in arms. and i was like, well, for me for the police departments, nonprofit local governments are open together for whole this approach. places like north carolina places like camden in newark, new jersey, places like dallas and deborah with the start program. mit san francisco who provides immunity to 6 industry workers. and those who are undocumented increments,

so they can report their victimization and not worry about being charged criminally . right. many places have take it, it's trauma informed approach. and so for me, the federal government said guidelines and all those things like the 2nd order was great, but it was federal officers that's a matter amount of contact that, that people have been officers. and so for me, i see the federal government providing minimal thresholds, but i think paula for in the qualified a minute or, or making changes to it. it's great, but it's not the end of the world that's only found naturally. police love is not rolling over an adult. now we want to hold people accountable by their shelven kill parties. others want to hold them accountable. personally, that hasn't to do with qualified immunity. that's all the federal government will position what, what they don't don't get the, the, the, the infrastructure, the computing power, the mayor power personnel, the special as an understanding, analyze data, most healthy, small as you just pull a guy off the b to say, hey, you know, computers, can you input these data?

of course they're going to be issues for the federal government can be a fine answer over form. why suddenly these things up in may reforms that are already taken place by for the data spots, program partners, police officers with social workers and other service providers, really benefits. but they had to fight for funding. even though they show these benefits and had a proven track record. and so that's why you to the federal government step in, in providing the right equipment for these agencies, bolstering the pay. so we can make sure we get the best and brightest offices that we go. so i see the federal government playing that role. so those days provide a baseline like vantage coals, right. was these types of things. they put about a baseline for the reform that we need, but, and she'll be creat pathways for officers who are service minded, who often when the oriented to be leaders and you keep focused on rewards structures that have no public safety value and with those criminals and metrics,

you're going to have people who value war reached out, police and continue to be the gatekeepers. as supervisors are being promoted and those who are more attractive, innovative, community building type of policing, they're going to go for of their careers. and i deal with this, and so i think it's so important that we not get blinded by big bills and all these things at the federal level. it's a state level, it's a local matter and the federal. busy government can partner with this, and this is the last thing i'll say, you know, oftentimes we put the federal government as these innovators from our research, with the 9994 crime bill and other things. the federal government, rewards and science, things into play. many times has already been done at the state and the local level . and so this is not the one time they should, they should get away from that because the assets are there. and so i think, you know, that's not good caught up in that. that's not the biggest deal in the world, but there are other ways the federal government can do to support efforts that are

going on already in the last thing use that may support things more than police reform. we can arrest our way out of these issues. we also need to make sure that we build about communities, right? make sure that we address some systemic issues that i talk about, the least of what resistance between police officers, citizens, and black citizens, particularly. and so i think those are some places where we can really gain traction in the interim while we make these other, if a structural changes. so for me, that's the role of the federal government at this point regardless of the georgia board act, that's a great is symbolic but substantively i'm not sure how much is going to change, allows the people on the ground between police and communities being over, police powerful discussion senior fellow at the council on criminal justice and former policeman fad. johnson, thanks so much for being with us today to have his no my pleasure. so what's the bottom line? it's not about defending the police. and of course, there are fearless cops out there who say people every day,

but to deal with abuse. it's definitely time to stop talking and start doing in the words of the former republican governor of new jersey, chris christy. it may surprise you, but 10 years ago he totally dismantled the police force of one city camden, new jersey and rebuilt it. and now it's a model of how a modern police force should work. what happened to tyree nichols is not an anomaly, and the problem is not going away by itself. the job is lifted the thousands of local communities across america to figure out their own ways to protect themselves against criminals, without becoming criminals themselves. and that's the bottom line ah, on counting because often devastating it wakes into kit and syria. how all the nations economy's kind of big. the un being much needed ain't to syria, but it's a take a little too late. and what is the financial state of ukraine almost one year off to roches invasion,

counting the cost on al jazeera. oh, a what's most important to me is talking to people understanding what they're going through here are we believe everyone has a story worth hearing? lou.