air in the system here, driving that rain, southern walls, ah, every 3 days, the woman is kinda in the murder of women and unprecedented levels of domestic violence have shopped easily to the call. the violence is more violent, violent men are young. why does it keep happening? and what can be done to stop it. this is not their price. i want my daughter and all the daughters prepaid. that's not the country i want to witness. famous city, for me is very simply the question of power. on al jazeera, the you wins nuclear agency says iran has pledged to cooperate with the monitoring of its sites that comes after a visit by the head of the agency to to rod. could this lead to a new nuclear agreement? this is inside story. ah

hello and welcome to the program my mammogram, john the head of the you ends, nuclear watchdog says iran has agreed to reinstall monitoring equipment at one of its main nuclear plants. it's a big development since talks to restart. cooperation have been stalled since 2021 . rafael grossi visited to iran after the international atomic energy agency reported particles of uranium had been enriched to near weapons grade level at the fort our nuclear facility. that level was seen as significant because a larger stock pile of higher grade uranium would cut down the time it would take to make a nuclear bomb. to iran denies wanting to develop a nuclear weapon, but it has ramped up its enrichment program since former president donald trump withdrew the united states from the deal in 2018. during his trip grossi met president abraham racy. he also held talks with senior officials of iran's atomic

energy organization on increasing co operation at 3 sites. the meetings helped confirm that high level enriched uranium was not being produced for accumulated or accumulated at the ford. our nuclear facility grossi returned to vienna on saturday and had this to say, there was a detection of a certain level. and then we asked for clarification. but what we have seen in our continues a continued observation of the facility is that there has not been production or accumulation of uranium at that level, which is a very high level of course, sixty's already very high. but as i said, we have a we ways and means to expected. iran has pledged to cooperate with the international atomic energy agency at a number of nuclear sites and to reinstall monitoring equipment removed in 2021

enriched uranium can be used in civil nuclear power generators, as well as nuclear weapons. however, the threshold for weapons grade uranium is extremely high. that has to be enriched by 90 percent to be effective. whereas nuclear power generators need up to 2 percent after the u. s. left the 2015 nuclear deal under donald trump. iran hasn't abided by an agreement to enrich to a maximum of 3.67 percent the alright, let's go and bring in our guests. joining me into iran is flawed. is audi associate professor at the faculty, the faculty of world studies at the university of to run in las vegas is file shaw nuclear policy specialist and senior iran policy advisor at the european leadership network. and in washington, d. c. is alex baton. go director and senior fellow at the middle east institute and founding director of its iran program. a warm welcome to you all. and thanks so much for joining me today on inside story. so let me start with you today. the you

a nuclear watchdog chief, said he had constructive meetings with iranian officials and to her on 1st of all, how big a breakthrough was this visit and do you believe that a positive outcome will be achieved because of it. thank you so much for having me . this morning i think it definitely is on the cost of a break through, but we need to see what iran follow on actions are, as you can see from the joint statement that was released between the i. e. a and iran. it's very vague and the director, general rafael gross, he was only able to elaborate a little bit in terms of what concrete actions iran will be taking both to clarify past activities but also increased transparency on its current nuclear activities. i definitely think that this is a reset in some regards of the political relationship between the i e. a and iran for a very long time. there was a stalemate between the agency and iran because iran butler was being treated

unfairly. and the agency felt like iran wasn't giving technically credible answers to it on a variety of issues. so i think it's a good moment. i think it's going to help build confidence, but we still need to see where this new agreement and roadmap for future relation leads. to how significant, what this does it before the iranian government. and how was the visits being viewed in iran? you know, the board meeting of the international atomic energy agency is going to be tomorrow . so by inviting mr. grossi and then government, i think, wanted to make sure that the visit is a positive one. the statements that the fed grosse made in tad on and in vienna and he returned to the office, was quite positive. this is what he done. wanted to make sure. you know the

difficulties in iran, us traditions and european relations have faced difficulties as well. you know, and he's interested in the nuclear exit meant that a number of obstacles. one obstacle is relations with a so the whole can run is to dissolve the difficulties between 11 and a and make sure at least one port for us close. and then we can move on to other issues. and hopefully the need to that agreement can be the faith of the alex. you heard there from ad. obviously, the relationship between iran in the u. s. is, is, you know, it is a quite difficult relationship. a lot of obstacles there. do we know what the biden administration perceives of this meeting that happened of this visit by raphael grossi? what must they be thinking? look, i haven't seen any immediate reactions post

a refill. grocery returned to vienna. it remains to be seen. i'm sure there'll be a reports to that effect next week. but in terms of what i heard, robert molly, the iran invoice, say last week in washington is there's always hope our diplomacy is the 1st choice for the buy administration. they've kept all the other options on the table that they're really hoping that this diplomatic set of talks will continue. but it's a, it's a hope with that shouldn't be exaggerated. remember, grossey has disability is 4th visit to iran since 2021 early 2021. when abraham racy took over, i'm sorry. in late 21. when he took over as president, this is were to visit and each time would be hopeful that something new will happen . and then the politics of this is so complicated. so it's really not just about the number of centrifuges and how much the rich, as we all know by now it's, it's complicated. it's about, you know, it's about the political stand off,

essentially between washington and to run. and i don't see the iranian side making any moves on that issue. so how do you believe that we're any closer now where there could potentially be constructive steps taken to try and return to the iran nuclear deal, or at least get negotiations back on track to try to return to the nuclear deal. while the outcomes of the director general's visit are definitely positive from a nuclear transparency perspective, i can't say that it's going to greatly change the atmospheric between the us in iran, between europeans and iran. you know, as you know, things have become quite complicated since the fall when we really had a great moment of opportunity to reseal the return to the jcp, j. c. p. o, a. but since then, the increase in suppression of protesters in iran, iran supply of arms to russia. these 2 things that really complicated the situation

and what the director general has done is essentially tried to help create some breathing room so that the agency is able to have a more accurate assessment of a baseline of where iran nuclear program stands. and that will obviously be really helpful if there is an opportunity to restore the jcp away so that all the countries involved know where iran has to start in terms of rolling back its nuclear program to the original restrictions that had been agreed under the terms of that deal so i can't say that this is going to change anything. ready for the prospects for the jcp away, but it will certainly make it easier if there is that moment of opportunity that comes up in the coming months. but there is a lot greater political obstacles in the way of that happening. alex, you spoke before about the difficulties that are inherent in trying to put forth a roadmap to return to negotiations when it comes to the u. s. and when it comes to, to iran, especially there being a lack of trust on both sides,

when it comes to any type of negotiation going forward. what does the u. s. want to see from iran in order to move forward? i asked is because you mentioned robert malley earlier and one of the things that we heard from robert malley over the course of the last few months is, is there was a sense that in the, by the ministration they didn't really want to move forward when it came to the nuclear issue because of what was going on when it came to the protests in iran. right? no, i think that's definitely a factor. i mean, the sale just made the 2 points. i would have made an iran decision to start as giving drones and military support to russia makes no sense. if you believe that the radians really wanted to find a solution to this. i mean, it's not that the brand is making billions of dollars from selling these drones to direction. so you have to ask the question. if there were a serious about a nuclear deal, they would have at least told a black me or put and we might support you, but we're not going to jeopardize our nuclear talks with the west,

which is exactly what he has done. and on top of that, the rainy regime over the course of the last 7 months, has by international reports, killed about 530 of its own citizens protesters and attained about 20000. it's extremely hard for any western government to want to sit down and cut a new, big, shiny diplomatic deal with a design republic that it's doing what it's doing to its own people. so yes, the optics of this are important president biden. didn't even mention iran in his state of the union speech. it should have been something he would perhaps fly as an important mission that is on, but he knows how politically difficult this pathway is. iran and the united states, as we all know, have had a thorny relationship, going back to 979. and again, i want to just put one more point on this. if you listen to the iranians right now, in terms of some of the hard liners, they're looking at groceries, visits as a gathering information and hand it all over today's re lease. so they're not even

to my mind still very serious about using groceries visit as a moment perhaps where they can turn to page start something different, different going forward, flat it look to me like you might have wanted to respond to what alex was saying there. i will let you do that, but i also want to ask you, i had asked alex what the us wants to see from iran in order to move forward. i also want to ask you, what does iran one to see the us do order to move forward? you know, the by the administration could return to the agreement on the 1st day of the vice presidency in the us government. executive orders that was issued by a president could be notified by the next president at trump, left the agreement and eagerly unjustly, without justification why the dawn was fully following the agreement to an executive order. this by then could cancel that. think of that he was there the same day. he did that with the patio crime at that court. so it is possible,

so it's possible for him to do it and he could give 2 or 3 months to, to eat on to return to the place that he was before trump left him. the reason by then did not return was because of the hysteria that you just experienced a few minutes ago. that is this anti on force in washington. they didn't like the agreement to start with the people who actually supported the agreement. they didn't like the government. they taught the agreement as of a, of over terrain, data and government. and they're looking for excuses to not do what the international law says. you know, that you knew that agreement is you and the solution 20 to 31. so if you violate the agreement, you're violating international law your while the thing is illusions. so they come up with the skews is baseless claims, then exaggerated numbers. but the number of people who have the passive a,

you need on exaggerated the content about the on foreign policy. if somebody in washington or in london or in paris of some us in europe, is concerned about iran selling their own. so russia, maybe they could offer higher price. these countries that questions question you runs defense for the these are major, i'm suppliers, they said billions of dollars of worth of weapons every year. done in no position to question, iran's defense policy or foreign policy or they can, they can do that, but i don't think they would get very far with that type of policy. they failed policies of trump is going to be followed by by them. i think both of them are mistake, alex, it looks like you wanna jump in. i 1st, i want to go to sal, have a question for him, a sato raphael grossi after this visit said that it had been agreed that monitoring activities would be operating again. but he didn't really provide details about

which equipment would be restored or how exactly that would happen. so is it possible to discern what he was referring to or is it just wait and see at this point? so i definitely will. kathy got this by saying that it is weight and fee for now, because we want to really get to the bottom of what can be possible based on the technical chins at the agency. and iran will have over the next few days and weeks . but from the press conference, we can ascertain that there is going to be an increased inspection effort in general, that there will be more visibility into facilities. i think one of the specific things that he mentioned was turning back cameras on that had been turned off in recent months. and that's really important from a constitute continuity of knowledge perspective. so that we can reassemble some level of a baseline of where iran is. that however, of course, there's still a 9 month gap. so one out standing question is,

is iran going to hand over that footage? so with the cameras, we still don't have a full picture. another thing that the director general mentioned is the online enrichment monitoring mechanisms. so under the j. c. p, away there was about 13250 inspectors authorized to go into iran at all times the inspectors were present at all the key iranian sites on and near the daily basis, including the hands for dough and others. and that was even from before implementation day. and this is one of the strengths of the deal. and the reason why our competence was exceptionally high in the 8th information. as a result, when the j. c p way was in place and the data that is collected by instrument, like the online enrichment monitoring systems is mostly stored on site and it can't be transmitted off site or out of the country. and that's not unique to iran, but it's the case in a lot of countries where the idea works. because people are obviously worried about data security. so these online enrichment monitors all lands are online in the

sense that they're measuring enrichment levels in real time for the gas flowing through the pipes in the facilities. and this is important because obviously has been spread around the world through the news that iran was enriching up to 84 percent. and obviously, the director general has clarified with iran that iran is not producing enriched uranium at that level or accumulating any enriched uranium at that level. but things like turning back these old devices back on would indeed help make sure that this continues to be the case. and that the i e. a has any relevant knowledge that's needed if there are any oscillations and the levels of enrichment. whether it's done intentionally or not, the role of the agency is not to determine what iran intentions are. they are to track everything that is happening with the nuclear material in the country. and to report that to the member states,

to then make any kind of value judgments. so i think so far from what he's mentioned, the cameras and the online enrichment monitoring systems. these are really important. and if he manages to get iran to turn them back on, it will indeed be a very positive thing from a verification and monitoring perspective. alex, you want to jump in before i'm going to let you. i also want to ask you from your perspective, will there be additional sanctions against the iran and do you believe that sanctions against iran have worked up until this point? i mean very quickly. your guest into iran. i think it was myself referring to hysteria and you know, i don't think it's, it's maybe a hysterical here. i think i'm just reflecting better. and that's ironic because i'm sitting 7000 miles away in washington. and i believe i have a better sense of what's going on and you're right right now than your guest who refuses to accept that these people who are being killed in the protest movement are not asking away. they're been killed by the security forces of islamic republic

. so, you know, for the sake of, of just keeping this conversation real life except some, some hard facts and the hard fact i would say, it's not just me saying that iran foreign policy right now is that a critical juncture in many, many officials in these, i'm a republic, if you watch a rating tv and you read the news papers, they accept that they don't know where they're going. they don't know if they should trust russia. they don't know if they should trust a chinese as so i think there's that there's a much bigger issue than what i just said in terms of your question up specific sciences. look around today's the 2nd most sanction country on earth. russia just overtook it because of its illegal invasion of ukraine a year ago. which country like iran that was illegally attacked by saddam hussein? should it be 1st to condemn, but the radiance at the reigning regime hasn't done so. but my point is this. sanctions, sanctions are not going to bring this, i'm go public down. that is that is probably been true for many years now. the question is if you want to proceed down the path of sanctions,

what kind of sanction you focus on? i think right now the bible restriction is leaning on sanctioning individuals with blood on their hats, folks in the rain regime who i actually responsible for arrest, killing, and so forth. and i think that is going to get a design team, a lot of you know, support here political in the united states. and i think that obviously the rain opposition would welcome in, but the question and again, is it enough to bring this nomic republic down knowing the short term, the short term the radio has learned to be resilient. when comes to sanction, they're paying a very high price of being sanctioned, a very high price that really, you know, they bring economies, nose diving, but they're not going to. the sanctions are alone, are not going to bring their resume done. not in my estimation, for iran, of course, denies wanting to acquire nuclear weapons. they said there are many occasions. what was iran response? when asked why uranium particles enriched up to 83.7 percent had been detected at

the ford out plant. you know, this was actually covered with mr. grossi both in test run and in vienna. he talked about that 83 percent issue. and he clarified the fact that this was not something that you was doing in terms of making enrich, uranium a suck, filing 83 percent initially. and you know, this is what happens when you are doing 60 percent or 30 percent or other percentage of individuals. and sometimes it jumps, jumps over what you are doing and it comes back. so you can go back to what mister grocery said on that. and also i encourage you to listen to william burns was the head of the ca. he had an interview with cbs news and he clearly said that he doesn't have a nuclear weapon and eat on. it has not decided to make one. and

no matter what people in washington say them in evasion of iran is not yet working up. the actually should tank washing something. thank us because the inaccurate information that they provide. they actually helped you on the government to continue. one of the reasons that all the sanctions against the iran has not worked is because of this type of analysis because they don't know what's going on in they give it. and this is, and that's actually helping the union government because the accuracy that is required is not there. and that's why you have failed policies in washington. and that is why you have this public celebrating before the 14th of this nomic level slide. let me follow up with you and just ask you about one of the expected results of this trip by mr. grossi, is that iran is supposed to provide access to information to people and 2 locations . do you think that that is going to happen quickly? what is, what's the kind of timeline we're looking at when it comes to granting the kind of

access that the i a would like to see, you know, what mr. grocery said was that the technical team will be in shortly. this is, i don't know the exact time that they're coming, but i think they will be in there on soon. and the level of iran cooperation with a will have a political component. so if you run an official realize that washington is ready to return to the nuclear agreement, they will cooperate it a more if they realize that people like robert men in the head of the senate, foreign affairs committee was opposed as opposed to nuclear agreement for many of his policies and his rhetoric is in place in washington than iran corporation would be less. we have this in fighting in washington between different centers of power even within the biden administration. the 2nd events,

and this is the reason washington has left the table, but they cannot say this, so they blame ukraine. they come up with others in a strange numbers, what's going on in europe. but the real problem is that, so whenever washington decides to clean up house and make sure that the policy is as helping both sides, then you can see results. but if the continue, the policies of the past, i don't think you don't, corporation would be at the level that mr. gross expense. so the one thing that is clear out of all of this is that this is very, very complicated issue. what are some concrete steps that need to be taken in order to get things back on track so that negotiations can happen and that, and that perhaps perhaps the, the nuclear deal can be entered into again. i mean, are there specific concrete steps that can be taken right away in order to try to get this going? i think there has to be an improvement in the political relationships with the

players involved and also in the general atmosphere x which are not being helped by iran actions at home and also in terms of id supply of weapons to russia. obviously, ukraine is at the top of the agenda for the united states and for european allies and sitting, you know, even at a table for your opinions, with iranians on the g. c. p. a at the moment makes no sense to them and it doesn't seem really possible also for the biden administration to clear any domestic political hurdles to get any kind of deal pushed forward in a meaningful way either. so i think at the moment really what we need is everybody to try to establish some level of awareness of what all besides the red lines are to work on crisis management and keeping communication lines open so that we don't accidentally or intentionally blunder into

a war and i think that we need to really keep our eyes on the prize and maintain a good level of information out of iran so that we have an understanding of current activities. so that hawks, washington and hawks elsewhere aren't able to manipulate information. iran should see it in its own risks to be trends. i'm sorry to interrupt, but we're just running out of time and i want to get one last question here to alex alex here. it's a whole there talking about that. there needs to be an awareness of red lines going forward, and the communication lines need to remain open between these countries. when we have about a minute and a half left, let me ask you quickly. is that the case? is there an awareness of these red lines and our communication lines actually open right now? no, i think it obviously there are ways for the 2 sides to communicate, including got 3rd party countries like cut out on and others have been involved in sort of mediating, to extend a day can so that that's happening. i mean, iran,

united states can find ways to communicate, and that's important. and that exists in terms of red line. so we can sit here and spend the rest of the day talking about non centrifuges in richmond levels. and so for end of the day, i think, you know, there's nomic, we're probably going to run. i would have had i till i leave for me. they are not ready to have a deeper dialogue with the united states because they think that deeper dialogue is essentially going to lead to the downfall of islamic republic. and again, don't take my word for it. this is all published in various languages in farsi, in english, on the website of a. he says that the americans are concessions they, when one concession after another, with that sort of mentality, it's really hard for me to see how diplomatic breakthroughs possible. because even if you end up with nuclear deal, it's just a question of time before that will collapse and we can blame trump and others, but it's not about individuals. is about the idea. all right,

now that needs to change. certainly, i think. all right, well we have run out of time. we're going to have to leave the conversation there. thanks so much. all of our guests fill out his id. so he'll shaw and alex bianca. and thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com, and the further discussion go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. you can also during the conversation on twitter or handle is at a james, i story from him. how much room in the whole thing here and i for now, ah

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