where physicians would see a child there, the child's dna would get red and professional geneticists would understand what causes the disease and then they would send out information to the crisper cures group. and they would be like a rapid response team. they would just jump on it to day genetic editing therapies modify immune cells to recognize cancer, correct loss of vision directly in the eye, and seem to have reversed sickle cell anemia. by editing the cells in bone marrow, been want to really pay attention as these technologies are being developed, as they're getting closer and closer to market. about how we are considering the population at hand that have access or don't have access to these technologies. a human embryo contains a few cells that become a whole person. in theory, these could be edited to prevent a rare or serious inherited disease from ever starting. but no studies have shown how an embryonic at it would effect

a person throughout their life. and as an embryo develops into a fetus, and he changes would be replicated to including in the cells involved in reproduction that would allow human made changes to be passed down generation after generation. with unknown effects, the last time they met scientists and ethicists said it was too soon to try with new therapies coming online. it might also not be worth the risk calling baker al 0 . ah hello, this is al jazeera and these are the headlines. it's now been one month since more than $50000.00 people were killed in 2 powerful earthquakes. that shook southern to kia and northwest and syria, and to kia survivors are still trying to identify the remains of their relatives. to raise a bo has more now from the city of intact. yeah. this earthquake have a strong impact on everyone. you talk to all around this area,

their stories of loss of pain, even off the revival. but when you know that the government is saying that they're starting the rebuilding process, we know that apartment buildings are being built in some cities on the affected area. they're under lots of pressure, promising to build almost $400000.00 homes in about a year's time. and when you talk to people here, they say that the most important thing they need right now is to know what is going to happen to them. and across the border in syria. and many survivors in the rebel controlled northwest are still waiting for vital aid. shall are, some government has placed restrictions on a distribution. and some rebels have also blocks deliveries from government held areas. and other news, rushes defense minister as visiting areas and ukraine under moscow's control. so again, showing who toward the city of mario pulse oversee reconstruction efforts that these been ukranian says he has been under russia control since may in while the

head of russia's wagner mercenary group says his troops physician around the eastern ukrainian city of what could collapse on this amunition promised by moscow arrived soon. you get a progression says the extra military supplies were promised in february. at least 9 police officers have been killed and a suicide bomb attack. and southwestern pakistan had happened in the catch district of the province of ballade. just done, no group has came responsibility for the attack. well, there's the headlines. i'll be back with more few here after counting the cost. do stay with us. talk the law will the law when with neither side, willing to negotiate is the ukraine war becoming a forever war is america's global leadership, increasingly fragile. what will you s politics look like as we had to the presidential election of 2024. the quizzical look us politics, the bottom line i,

i, alumni, clark, this is counter the cost, announce 0. your look at the world of business and economics this week, combustion engine cars to be no more european union bands, the sale of fossil fuel power. altos by 2035. i wants to speed up the switch to electric. it is the block ready for the shift. also this week, the profits of global airlines that take he off for the 1st time since the start of the pandemic. a can the industry keep up with the surge in travel demand plus sedans, forgotten crisis? 20 is on from the start of the conflict and offer people say their lives. i've only got worse. will the international community health? ah. so the manufacture of cars powered by fossil fuels,

employees, millions of people right across europe. automobiles account for 15 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions in the european union. well, the blank ones too drastically reduced exhaust fumes as part of its ambitious plans to reach carbon neutrality. by 2050 petrol heads and now being told to prepare for a cleaner ride. european lawmakers have put an expiration date on the sale of new cards with combustion engines. carmakers will be required to cut 100 percent of carbon emissions in new vehicles sold in the european union by 2035. the law includes exceptions for companies that produce fewer than 1000 vehicles. heavy trucks and buses are subject to a different set of rules that will slash carbon emissions over time. but some countries oppose the change among them is italy, which is called the ban economic suicide for the block and a gift to the chinese electric car industry. critics of the laws say the automotive

industry is not ready for the shift and the move threatens tens of thousands of jobs. in the european union, ford motors has caught nearly 11 percent of its workforce in europe over the next 3 years as part of its pivot to the production of ease. for european leaders advocating action on climate change have pushed back against that argument. the industrial revolution is happening, whether we like it or not, we can choose to lead it. we can to, to do it in a way that is socially compatible with our values. or we can leave it to other parts of the world to lead it. and then all we can do is follow. and d, industrialize we need to rebuild our industry on the basis of the future. and the car industry can lead this. all right, let's take this on. we can speak now to a casper rules to the chief dates or officer at a benchmark mineral intelligence, which is a price reporting agency consultancy focused on the metals supply chain at casper. first up, why is it that some european countries are pushing back against this ban?

i mean, i think there's some concern over where the industry's going to be ready to, to move to a fully electrified future obviously that that's the target. but of course, there's lots of things that need to be in place to ensure that we can and the sale of internal combustion engine vehicles and move to electric. and that not just having the cars are they charging infrastructure. and obviously you will have the supply chain up from the color, including batteries, capillaries and aids in the raw materials at the minds. italy says it's economic suicide and it's handing the baton to china. tell us about that. well, china is heavily represented in the battery supply chain as a rule of thumb, typically around 80 percent of the processing capacity of the raw material. the way through to the finished batteries that fast the sets in china. but we starting to see that change. there's been a number of considerable investments throughout europe in north america over the last several years,

which is building out battery production capacity and that moving through to other parts of the valley chain as well. so i think china has had a head start definitely on electric vehicles as that's been a big a big focus at the government there for a long time. but the rest of the world is playing catch up. today we starting seal our policy, which is helping to make that shift and the shift is happening, isn't it? in december, germany bought more movies than cars with conventional engines, but you mention the charging infrastructure just now. where are we without across europe? yeah. actually in structure, investments are continuing to happen. i think there's probably more anxiety about charging than in reality. there is a problem with starting to see more and more charging. so it's crop up across, across the european region. but also people can, you know, can charge at homes that those who have the option to part that because we're seeing a lot of charging happening there. but you know, there's definitely still more to be done. but it's not just, you know,

companies like tesla who install this, they're charging network early on. we're starting to see traditional energy companies which have filling stations for internal combustion engine vehicles. starting to move some of that kind of area over to electric charging as well. so while series of course investments to be made access to charging, generally speaking is improving considerably throughout europe. right. and there's also the issue of challenging time and in the journey time between charges. right? yeah, i mean, you know, the majority of people who have commuted a not going to need to worry too much about charging that on a daily basis. charging times are coming down as we're starting to see tech technology improvements at the battery level and at the pac level that the software and the hardware managing the actual battery sales themselves. but yeah, be, you know, it does still take longer than filling up a filling station. but of course, you know, one of the benefits of electric vehicles is that you can,

you can do it at home. so you come home, park, your car in your parking space, or driveway or whatever it may be in their roads in the city while you're not using the vehicle. so as we start to see more and more charging access him in the places where people leave the car in car parks and things like that, it's charging time becomes less of a concern if it's in the time when, when you're not using the vehicle and what is the to ation with the manufacturer of these, these multiple, many thousands and millions. in fact, the pattern that we're going to need. and the metals in the minerals that are required, you know, like cobalt and lithium and so on. and the damage potentially that could due to the environment that you may come from mining. if you think about the v, about 40 percent of its value in the battery and about 80 percent of the value of the battery of $7287.00 value battery comes from raw materials that comes from mining traditional engine cars. you know, the still the minion that comes from mining to mining probably has a bad reputation, but it's done properly. it shouldn't be harmful to talk to the environment. and so

i think, you know, there's perhaps some misinformation out there about battery minimum as being more harmful to the environment than other forms of mining. it's all the same, but where it comes from now is the whole issue of deep sea mining, but that's kind of another thing. is there a point in which we could start recycling? the metals used in batteries? yeah, so lately, i mean, batteries now highly price for the minerals that are within them in terms of the recycling market. so there's a big growing part the supply chain and not too many batteries. so coming back from their original use in the market with that in an e v, there is some coming back from consumer electronics, but people tend to keep out of that. it tend to come back into the system that efficiently, but certainly the technology to, to recycle batteries already exists. and it is happening in actually the kind of the main feed of recycling,

recycled material. now it's coming from all of those new battery plant. so to take clean the early phases of the, of a new battery problem when you're kind of fine tuning your equipment, you end up with what we battery scrapple or a spec rejects. those are also getting recycled and going back into the supply chain. so these minerals, endlessly recyclable, you can recycle them as many times as you want. and you can do that through a battery grades. i put that material back into the battery supply chain and then the whole e v market can europe compete? do you think with us in china? yeah, i mean it's a very competitive market and i think one of the key consent that the kind of all of the global types supply chain is managing costs. so as demand for these material with which make up big portion of the value of the car go up and so does that price because markets become tighter. so managing costs and absorbing cost competitive particularly with, with china, where we typically typically see a low cost base can be a challenge. but definitely there's been significant investments by made by

european automakers partnerships with sell manufacturers. and also starting to look at investment, fed up the value chain, which, you know, given much more control of their cost. so we call that vertical integration, where they're not just buying products from all the different steps in the value chain. they're actually investing in making partnerships within that a change to reduce that cost. so that's a key key part, the strategy that play out over the next few years. and finally, casper, as we go, let's return back to the combustion engine for the last question. there's talk that we could be going into a situation like what you see in cuba, where lots of old petro cars, just continually recycled and reuse. is that what's gonna happen globally? do you think it's as easy as common? people can afford them so you can just keep running your own car. i think you know what happens there is going to really be defined. what happens in the next decade if to make his can continue to reduce costs or reduce that say the price of the v.

we store that initiated by tesla glibly, few weeks ago and a number of makers had followed suit in terms of reducing the cost of a v to the consumer. then it becomes that becomes less of a question. because if a visa produced in high numbers and accessible to most people, then that's less of a concern. if, if that doesn't happen, it costs continue to rise in d. b, remain a higher, higher ticket item than that, you know, the value of a 2nd hand vehicle is petro diesel vehicles, will become, could potentially become higher. but as i say, the next 10 years with what happens with e. b, strategy policy from governments and roland theory cars will really dictate what happens to the legacy kind of aftermarket internal combustion engine. supply chain up, it'll be very interesting to see how it all develops. that capital rolls, thanks a lot. thank you. the while fossil fuel cards are being phase down, the airline industry is on the out. travelers are rushing back to the skies after

pandemic restrictions east. the spike and travel is turning the industries fortunes around car is suffered more than $200000000.00 in losses over the past 3 years. but airlines are returning to profitability for the 1st time since the health crisis started in 2019. the industry is expected to record many, $5000000000.00 in net profit this year that compared to almost $26500000000.00 for years ago. among them is international airlines group, the owner of british airways, spain's iberia and other carriers. i a g reported an operating profit of almost 1500000000 dollars last year to the biggest us airlines recorded better than the expected profits on the earnings. delta airlines reach higher revenues last year than it did in 2019. while american airlines group said it's 4th quarter revenue was the highest in the company's history and australia, qantas rate in a record $1000000000.00 profit in just 6 months. it last $7000000000.00 during 3

years of the pandemic. content is now being accused of ripping off customers with expensive fs me, well central asian airlines are benefiting from russia as close as space. airline traffic into the region surged as european airlines struggle to find new routes into asia. flights between many european countries and as becca son, for example, have risen nearly 106 percent since 2019. the region is expected to continue on an upward trajectory as travel from china resumes. well, joining us now from london is rob morris. he is a global head of consultancy at syria, which is a global aviation analytics company, providing data for travel airlines efforts and finance. rob, welcome to the program. so we have 3 consecutive years of losses all down. mccovie for the airline industry is now reversed. how much more ground is there to cover to put the industry on a solid financial footing? do you think?

ok, hello, nick. yeah, i think that's quite a lot of recovery still to come in after those 3 years. we still see globally demand below 2019 volumes and was, you know, we have seen some airlines recovering their profits. fundamentally this year, a globally about a $5000000000.00 net profit across the, the global and the entire industry is far lower than we saw perhaps in the latter years of the last expansion cycle ended in 2019. so there's still some way to go. i think but, but, but better times that it was in 20202021. right. it demonstrates extraordinary resilience is never quite a recovery given the scale of the financial and economic damage. yeah, absolutely. i think it demonstrates actually strikes the underlying drivers for demand for travel. remind remaining from the strongly funds thinks about whether we travel for business to generate corporate wealth and trade, or whether we travel for, for leisure. because we've got an increase in the globalized population. the

underlying drivers to, to commerce ideation remain very strong and, and that's why airlines have been able to, at least come through the pandemic. and that's why, frankly, governments throughout the world have sought seen it, fit to support their airlines because they realize how important they onto economies to recover from the pandemic. and the underlying driver is passenger demand ultimately, right? yes, exactly, passenger demands, or whether it be for his business or, or leisure. and interestingly, in this recovery, leisure is leading business. so increasingly, as those people, those of us who've been suffering from knocked down for the last couple of years, not been able to travel as sequentially. markets have released we've seen extremely strong bounce back initially and in north america in europe. and. and lastly, saw that become in southern pacific and, and china. yeah, i was going to say on asia, these ages lagging behind at the moment, isn't it? it was for ca, supposed $6600000000.00 loss in 2020 two's. why is that?

take us through that a bit. yeah, absolutely. well, well, 1st of all, the, the, the reaction of governments in that region to the pandemic have been somewhat different. so the current change in the, and, and the lock downs, etc, have gone further in those regions. the 2nd point is important to know your pacific of, of the chinese market. if we looked at routes from a pacific internationally, a large portion of those touch china. and until china changed its quarantine policy light last year, those markets were not able to, to act at all. now even with the change of quarantine policy, as we look forward to june this year, those markets are still going to be close to 3 quarters lower than where they were in 2019. so china's the key to that effect to be the last brick in the recovery wall. a was the quarantine policy as pop change is positive, it's going to take a while for the passenger confidence to recover demand, to come back strongly,

an asian pacific to come back. what about f? as i watery. in some cases we can get, well, that reversed as well potentially. i mean, if one thinks about the way the way the airlines are processing right now, it's about, it's about the supply and demand dynamic. and, you know, market economics as, as demand has come back, strongly, airlines have to some extent had issued with returning capacity quite so quickly. number of reasons. i mean, they parts aircraft, they furloughed staff, bringing aircraft out of out of storage is accosted business there, some capacity challenges around that. bring his staff back is also challenging. and then even when they bought people, but we see north the airport congestion which has been caused by lack of capacity there. so. so demand is effectively come back more quickly than supply has and in a, in a, in any, any economic system. when, when demand exceeds supply, then the supplier will naturally leverage price. i think that's why f as

a typically higher than there weren't actually personal anecdote, i've got a lot of travel to japan in a couple months time. and i last traveled to japan in 2019 the f air i'm paying now is about 50 percent higher than it were in 29 chain inflation. accounts about 20 percent of the market market economics clearly account for the rest. yeah. and once market economics levels off, do you think prices will go down then? yeah, potentially, but i mean, the underlying higher costs we, we say to day are potentially his, you know, inflation is going to continue to be when we're not, we're no longer going to see that love inflation rivera. we enjoyed, perhaps, over the last 15 years or 20 years or more so, so as inflation remains hired as a fuel prices remain high. as, as f, as far as airlines cost of debt remains relatively high interest rates being hard and they were as maintenance costs have gone up as the ownership costs have gone up as wages go up with inflation. so costs go up and consequently effort need to go up

further to the, to maintain margin something, a bit of a tangible related net 0 emissions by 2050. that's the global go. whereas the airline industry with that. so it's extremely challenging target. i think company fun thinks about the mechanisms, the airlines have potentially to get to net 0 with the very 1st thing we need to recognize is, is that it's very difficult to de carbonized long haul and even short medium all travel. so. so we're going to be, we can be burning some form of fuel which emits c o 2 for a long time. certainly for 2050. so the challenge then becomes how do we offset, how we all sell? how do we find sustainable fuels sustained by goshen fuels derived from a bio mass or, or, or other, other feedstock which allows us to, to reduce to net 0? of course, we do see one of the things we seen for the pandemic of interest near the airlines

increasingly re fleeting, going to more efficient new aircraft, whether they be about a 320 neos or bugs and present max's 787350, across it. typically, bern, 15 percent to 20 percent less fuel than their predecessors and thus emit 15 to 20 percent less c o 2. that helps that brings about 10 to 15 percent of what we need to get to. net 0. we can have efficiencies in the air traffic controller, etc. when, whenever one flies into heathrow in london, you always find yourself holding. and therefore burning more fuel than you need to . so efficient air transfer, a truck or traffic control systems will help. but actually, the largest point is gonna have to be offset or sustainable fuels in some way. rob, just great to get your expertise. do appreciate it. thanks very much. rob morris. nick, thanks very much. now entire villages were burned down and families displaced after violence broke out in sudan stuff back in 2003,

20 is after the start of the war. hundreds of thousands of people have no home to return to remain in camps right across the region. and that's despite the peace deal signed 2 years ago. many people say the situation is worsening as they go for months without humanitarian aid. the world food program says 65 percent of the population in west are for is food insecure. that is the highest level in sudan and experts estimate the conflict is cost nearly $90000000000.00 over 11 years, accounting for damage infrastructure in homes and lifetime earnings aid work and say support to the region is limited and have cut down a deliveries while georgia is from a let, a in italy is alexandra montez, a research fellow at the school of international development at the university of the stangler. i was andre, welcome to counting the cost at 1st out what your assessment of the cost of war to, dufferin is showing that in. that's what i've been

either one going on for a or maybe somebody that not the new can that in, in the, in the way that i've been going going off, i actually knew that food for a big, big mission actually become a war set in the past. 31 when they look over all the security incidents and being that are for it during the so given that how much is needed to to ease this worsening crisis, what needs to be done? what the new which means that in place that we can get

us on which yet i'm again that we haven't that i enjoy you know, more than just one point. $5000000000.00 me let them be continued the amount is one point. one point in time with one point. so they're over all and mom in terms of what can be done that to recall or the situation so respond to you have the situation where it was a work is complaining about limited support to the region. why is it happening? is it because donors of prioritizing other regions in the world? the company says like any day you might or might get back to the fun we

are just even going back in time to call the agent now really know much younger. now why fi ad we call it? well, that must be, is difficult to find a way for another work that needs to be the final one. so the thing that booking one goes, all right, the one book more to that to that contribution will make a major change. it will, it was hope that the pose basha transition would enable relief agencies to, to move beyond relief work and to look at implementing more durable solutions for duffle. why is that not happen? why is that be hampered? well, that's

a problem. so everything seems to be set to go or to bone from release myself from the wrong path. i shouldn't be. unfortunately, the disposition was not that much now was not potency for long term solution. and the fact that we're seeing what we get to be computer and the frame of the discussion that aren't mature. and that actually can be on the i and you know, i am not sufficient on from that. that is probably that did you get to be i was under the test. thanks very much indeed. and that is all show for this week. if you'd like to comment on anything you've

seen, you can treat me at and clock out john, please use a hash tag agency or just dropped an email counting the cost at algebra dot net is our address. and there's more few on line. it's algebra dot com slash ctc, that will take you straight to our page, which has individual reports linked to the entire episodes for you. so that's it for this edition accounting cost. so i'm a clock from the whole team here. thanks for joining us. the news on onto 0 ah, we know what's happening in our region. we know how to get to places that others can not, that far, as i said, i'm going the way that you tell the story is what can make a difference. a

. ready a wherever you go in the world. well my line goes to make it be exceptional. katara always going places to get ah .