joins what's beyond dispute is that the bbc could have handled this differently. it's now struggling to contain the crisis. getting barbara al jazeera london, nicaragua, as president, daniel ortega has ordered the close of the vatican embassy managua, i'm in nicaragua, an embassy to the vatican in rome. the announcement follows comments by pope francis in an interview where he compare the nicaraguan government to a dictatorship relationship between the catholic church in nicaragua and the government has been severely strained. since the crackdown on anti government protests in 2018 and the church acted as a mediator between the science. ah, this is out there and these are the top stories. now, a high level delegation from the un security council has wrapped up a 3 day visit to eastern democratic republic of congo. to assess the security situation there, the delegation has stressed a political solution is needed to end the conflict with m. 23 rebels. the 3 that

the more personal pre good it is clear that through under support the m $23.00. it is also clearly established that there are incursions by the regular rondon army in north keeble and that this stuart is unacceptable. so this is one of the subjects that must be discussed and it must stop the u. s. and the u. k. a race and to minimize damage from the collapse of silicon valley bank. u. s. federal reserve and treasury say bank customers will have access to their deposits. bank of london has submitted a proposal to buy its u. k. subsidiary. yes, officials said they would also be supporting depositors of signature bank, which they revealed was closed by your regulators on sunday. houses of protests as have been routing in greece as anger grows in the countries deadliest rail disaster which are 7 people were killed last month when 2 trains glided head on them as traitors, demanding a thorough investigation. liberal jewish americans are protesting against the

visits of israel's finance minister as lot smarter, which is in washington d. c. to attend an investment conference is face criticism after coding for a palestinian town in the occupied west bank. to be, quote, wiped out. both ukraine and russia say they've killed hunters of enemy troops since saturday in a fight for control buck moods in easton, ukraine. he says defending the cities important to buy time for plant counter offensive. russian forces aided by the wagner private richer group, say a winning bach move to could paved the way to further advances on the words, night of night says on the way in los angeles with a list actors walk in the red carpet ahead of the academy awards ordering films released in 2022, nominated actors, brendan fraser, and jamie lee. curtis were some of the 1st to pose for the cameras. your witnesses are hoping for an incident free event from last year's infamous on stage. sap and the bbc is faced the 2nd day of last minute sports programming changes. a staff

refused to work presenter say they're showing solidarity with gary lenika, who suspended from hosting match the day for his tweets about u. k. a solemn policy. those are, the headlines needs continues heron out as they are after frank assessments. this treaty pride this with this and hopeful moment where countries could come together and stop putting in place. the rules will allow us to treat this global comments with the attention it deserves inside story. on al jazeera, we are at an extraordinary moment for space exploration in 2022. for the 1st time ever, astronomers were able to capture an image of a super massive black hole at the center of our galaxy nations, hubble space telescope identified the most distant star ever observed. and the launch of the james web telescope delivered the sharper image of the distant universe to be. but despite these brown breaking advancement, 5 to the facing a crisis of legitimacy, public distrust and finance on the right side of exist,

information continues to flourish online. so how do we win the battle for evidence based? true, and then up front special. i'll ask where now national physicists, the autograph, type the near the graph, tyson, thank you so much for joining us. an upright. delighted to be with you. thanks for having me. there's a poll that says that over a quarter of americans don't believe that climate change is caused by human activity and 6 percent. don't believe it's happening at all right. there's another one that says that over quarter of americans are skeptical of vaccines. now you actually just produce a documentary on misinformation. they're going to ask you when the science in scientific backs become something that's up for public debate. yeah, and so i hate to just sound so obvious about this, but part of it is a failure of the educational system which teaches science as a sort of a satchel of facts that you sort of pour into the empty vessel that you are as you

sit there in the classroom and you and you're given this fat book and there are these words that are boldface. and you gotta remember, i remember those words for the exam, and then you move on. and at no time, really, i think not even in the lab sections of the classes, do you really deeply learn what science is and how and why it works? and so if somebody comes out with a research result that's intriguing or controversial, depressed typically rushes towards it, but it's not really an authentic result until it's verified by other researchers. because there could be bias manifested within it. maybe the wall current fluctuated when they got their result. anything could have happened. so a fundamental feature of science is that whatever result you get,

i'm going to try to verify it or falsify it, alright, effect, i might be a competitor of yours and i don't trust anything. the guy that i'm going to do it myself. okay. i got the same result and someone in another country does it somebody with a different might. and then once you get agreement of these research results, then you have an objective truth. but if you only sampled science on that bleeding frontier, that messy frontier, you would think we didn't know what the hell we were doing any time when it's a feature of science that we have these, the frontier information is contested. your book start messenger, cosmic perspective civilization. you say that certain beliefs about science become true in people's minds when they are constantly repeated in the media. and you call this a fundamental feature of propaganda. talk to me a little bit about this propaganda. where did these police come from? and what's the primary source of the propaganda as you put it in? who's the most culpable outside of the media itself?

thank you. great question. you know, i tried to think what is truth mean? and i don't want to you, sir, the word and give it only one definition, because then you get into fights. so on a give people how they use the word. so i split the kingdom of truths into 3 categories. so one of them is objective truths. these are the, these are things that are true, whether or not you believe in them. and the methods and tools of science are exquisitely tuned to establish objective truth in this world then is personal truths. these are truths that are true to you, but you, they may not be true to someone else. is jesus, your savior. is mohammed your last prophet on earth? these are your personal truth. and in a free country, no one can take those away from you. a 3rd kind of truth, i call it political truth is just something that becomes true in your head simply because it's repeated so often. and we have this sis,

which evolved to say to ourselves, well, if we hear something often it must be true. otherwise, why would it happen that often? and so the brain, we wires, is it. yep, that's the truth. and this is the soul a propaganda. so what's our response to that? i'm thinking specifically. for example, during the pandemic, when you had people spreading all kinds of misinformation online, not just people. ah, who said this isn't so bad, right? but people who are actually promoting ivr met in, ah, hydro chloral quinn as actual miracle cures for coven. i mean, that's dangerous stuff. all of this stuff is happening in a, in a sphere on line. the political fear, sometimes in a white house press room, even when this stuff is happening. what should be our response? should we be regulating speech online? i'm not talking about just saying people don't have a right to express their opinions. but so what about this other stuff? there's a whole chapter in the book called risk and reward. and i make the point,

which i'm going to make here, that our brains, the human brain, is not natively wired to think statistically, or probabilistically about anything. ok. and some people know this and fully exploit this fact. and so they've created what we call casino. it's to completely exploit our inability to understand probability and statistics. they exploit this fact and they take your money and you go home without it. ok, but typically that's what happens. and so because we don't think statistically about it, we think anecdotally about it. and this infuses in all decisions we make in our lives. and what we say, wow, i don't trust the cdc, but i'm going to trust my aunt matilda. well, i'm gonna trust this guy on the internet and you know what sells on a youtube. just watch that. okay, you ready? it's at the establishment thinks this,

but what i have is actually true and they don't want you to know it. oh my gosh, if you lead off your youtube video that way. millions of views guaranteed. there's something about doing something that is not the establishment that is irresistibly attractive to us and i don't full, i'm not a psychologist, i don't fully understand it, but it's pernicious in our environment and it could be the seeds of the unraveling of an informed democracy. there's another pasted this though, because i agree with you. there are people who say, look, you can't trust the state, you can't trust the government. you can't trust the establishment because i had this great story, this great anecdote that appeals more to your desires, true. but then there are legitimate reasons, not to trust the establishment. i'm thinking, for example, about the history of medical abuse in medical racism in the united states. i'm thinking about other tuskegee studies ah, ah, i'm thinking about of a low point in the medical,

any annals of medical treatment. absolutely. and from williams, the sake of course, that's a study that started in the 19 thirty's when black men were left to die untreated of syphilis. a we've indigenous people who are used the subject for tuberculosis vaccine trials, also in the 30s. and in the seventy's, thousands of indigenous women were also forcibly sterilized. so against the backdrop of that, for example, there's a legitimate reasons why a certain community, certain people, or maybe all of us say, look, i can't trust the establishment. that's why i'm vaccine hesitant. how do we actually ways to do that? so you say, especially in the black community, or what if you worried that the vaccines oh, you know, ah, what if you're worried about their weather go harm you. and there is some racist motive for it because of this, these cases in the past, what you do is step in the vaccine line between 2 white people, half at the, through the solution. it's not going to make light of these re, very real problems that, that institutionalized racism, sexism,

and practically every other ism has manifested. yes. ok. you have to ask yourself, is that reason to never trust anything they ever do since? and if so, this is, this is sort of a cancellation principles that have been rampant in, especially in social media. so if, if an institutional one thing wrong and you don't trust anything they do. yeah, but it, but it's that, that one thing it's, there's a fundamental belief that the state, as such, almost by definition, is untrustworthy. that's a different position in. oh, you missed that one is as about as things the medical establishment scientific establishment, the politicization of medicine is untrodden. i grew up. yeah. you know what i mean? yes. yes, it's hard. line them up. so you line them up. he said that's bad. and they, we were deceived. yes. now, next to that, make a list of achievements earned by the state. ok. look at

the distribution of the polio vaccine and how many lives were stay state. look at the statistics of that. look at the increased longevity of the human species everywhere in the world brought about by advances in medical technologies and, and the science associated with it. put that alongside you realize 150 years ago. the life expectancy of humans on earth was only slightly higher than when we were living in caves 30000 years ago. so put it next to it. what else has that quote, state done. the state runs, nasa. okay. and put stuff on the moon on mars, on, on asteroids. very, you talk and you talked about nasa. i want to think about nasa a little bit because last year was a huge picture nasa right down you all right there the the, the james web telescope on the saudi or set up let last year last year was a significant year for it for space discoveries for the 1st time,

astronomers captured an image of a super massive black hole in the center of our galaxy. also on the hubble space telescope identified the most distant star ever observed in of course, at the james web. ah, space telescope delivered a deep field image of the quote invisible universe showing us unseen parts of the casualties. it's quite fascinating stuff and the most distant galaxy we've ever observed are now accessible to us in a certain kind of way. can you talk to me about 2022, out of everything that happened. what was the biggest discovery in your estimation and how does it influence our understanding of space and maybe even science in the years to collect europe? i'm, i'm delighted to report that investments in this country and others who are partners in science continues and continues to push the frontier of cosmic discovery. and that image of a black hole, we can always knew it was there. but to get evidence of what it's doing to the distorted fabric of space some time around it, that was justifiably banner headlines and the deployment of the james web space

telescope. oh, my gosh. i mean, that's so much could have gone wrong. you know, doesn't get enough credit in this, or the engineers figured out how to build this thing. how do you make an 8 meter telescope fit into the ferrying of a rocket? well, you fold it, astrophysicist didn't figure that out. engineers did you fold it and then on furlough when you get to your destination. all right, they figure that out. and so i'd a tip, my hat with my hat hit my head to the engineers that enable our discoveries in astrophysics. so. so yeah, people who are into science, you can also be into engineering and still participate on that frontier research. so it was all good on the year. you said something interesting and interview with steven co bear talking about the web telescope. and you said that as our area of knowledge grows, so to does the perimeter of our ignorance, i for those beautifully put you should be

a poet in addition to banking up book. how, how ignorant are we of the vastness of the universe? that's a great question. and by the way, i wrote an essay some years ago called the perimeter of ignorance. the point is, as you learn what is going on in the universe, then your area of knowledge grow so that this is a, this is a highly potent analogy. i think the area grows, but wait a minute. the perimeter of that area is also growing. so, so, so for example, i know to ask questions today because i'm standing in a new place brought to you by the james web space telescope and the hobble. if you want to go back a couple of decade, i can ask a question today that i didn't even think to ask 20 years ago, 10 years ago, in some cases, 5 years ago. so your curiosity fed by this, that the,

the intent, the intention to advance this moving frontier puts you in a new vista. you can see where you've never seen before. so now you want to say, well, how bass is that field of ignorance? we don't know, but i tell you what we do know. there are 2 drivers in the universe. we have terms for them, but we don't know what they are, but we call them dark matter and dark energy. these are some of the longest unsolved problems in astrophysics. if you add up their effect on the universe, it is 96 percent of what's going on. and we do not know or understand what they are or what causes them. everything, you know, one love about that we all know and love about this universe, the chemistry, the biology, the physics, the aerodynamics the, the, the, the orbital dynamics, everything we understand is contained in 4 percent of what's driving the universe.

so we're in a odd situation where we know enough about the universe to quantify what we don't know. and that's exciting to the scientists. it's not terrifying it's excite that is exciting to the sides. it's exciting to be everyday nerd. it's exciting to lots of us right. then there's a part of me though that says yes as much as i'd like to know more as much as i like to use your quote to make the entire solar system like our a backyard. that sounds great, but that investment both of time, of intellectual resources and of money to some if is what should be devoted to our problems here on the ground on this planet that there is systemic issues, institutional issue, structural issues that we have to deal with. and in that it's a 0 sum game that when we spend too much time out there, we're not dealing with what's going on down here. what do you say to that argument? well, you can ask, how much do you think we're spending in space? the space station, the james web, the hubble, the mission to the moon,

the artemus missions. what fraction of your tax dollar, if you're an american, do you think we're spending? and when i ask that to people as out of 10 percent, maybe 15 percent were spending 4 tenths of a penny. of your tax dollar, doing all those activities. so you can take up a greenback, take a dollar bill, and cut 4 tenths of one percent off of the edge and it doesn't even get you into the ink. so you're saying, why are we spending that there when we should be solving these problems? here we're spending 99.6 percent of a budget down here and you want to grab it from this point 4 percent and say that's going to solve the problem. really take a look at the budgets. take a look at how and where and why we're spending money to a person. none of them have actually look at how that 99.6 percent of the budget is invested. and i think if you did, you might be say, well,

we're spending too much over here or we're here. 29 doesn't places you could point to. meanwhile, when nasa makes a discovery, it has headlines in a why because people care, they want to look up. they want some kind of hope for what science and technology can be and do for their future. and, and, and it's, it's transformative, it's space technology that gave you gps that you take for granted that sitting on your smartphone. and that's how you can find the short the quickest way to grandma in the that grandma's house in traffic. yeah. without thinking why these are satellites or would sent to middle earth orbit. ok, middle earth, not middle earth. and it's sort of the rice but so, so, so it's basically how do you know the hurricane is coming and what pass it's going to take satellite technology port that, you know, we spend money in space and we shouldn't spend it down here. so i can,

here's what i'm going to do. we'll sneak at your house in the dark of night and remove everything in your home. that was inspired or enabled by investments in space, technology and you. but when you wake up in the morning, it might be indistinguishable from a cave because that kind of where we be without what those investments have delivered to modern civil is those investments have also delivered some other stuff into that. when you propose creating a space force, which eventually came into existence in 2019 under president donald trump, the u. s. space force is now defined as, quote, a military service that organizes trains and equipped space forces in order to protect us and allied interests in space. you examine the relationship between national physics and the military in accessory to war, your book, accessory the war. i'm curious at the same time that we think about these extraordinary advances and technological benefits. you worry about potential consequences of militarize in space. so a couple of points in 2001 i was in

a white house commission where that was discussed yet, but we were not the only commission where that was discuss. i'm so the space force has been percolating for decades. and so donald trump decided to act on it, so trump haters would, would associate it with trump, but really it's been in discussion long. long predates donald trump just to be clear about that. second. i know nobody wants war. nobody want know, nobody wants that. all right, so, so i want to 1st say that the space force wasn't created out of in or out of the ether. it kind of already existed how in what was called the u. s. space command, which was a branch of the u. s. air force. it already existed, they're the ones who launched the gps. so when you create a space 4th, what primarily occurred was that this branch of the air force was separated out and

given its own budget line, but it feels like we're expanding that the theater of war. i mean, i hear donald trump saying, ah, he once said that the space force was created because quote, space is the world's newest war fighting domain and amid grave threats to our national security, americans appear already in space is absolutely vital. i agree. i know you don't want war and i know most saying normal people don't want war with it, but, but there's a lot of money. was a lot of investment award. so. so now we're in modern times and ask yourself, i'm how much space assets do we have and how much of our economy depends on it. you know, what is will be valued at in the billions. oprah does not exist without space assets . neither does directv. neither does the weather channel, neither does i of the api tinder. ok. just to take an absurd limiting example

of the financial value of our space assets. so you say to yourself, what should the military be doing as in their got, well, i want them to protect our assets. i said, i think that's a natural need of a sovereign nation to have any military that they fund to protect their assets and our assets in space to day are huge. yeah. huge. and i know we gotta be honest, i'd way asked is attorney. and i appreciate that i, i think though, the idea that this sort of posture in these investments are purely to protect assets rather than to expand power and maybe empire. that's where the tension comes in, right? like we're not just protecting our stuff, we're getting other stuff. and in that, well, yes, that's, that's a, that's a big a caricature of our presence in space. ok, so the military is going to protect our assets, make sure we can conduct business, make sure we can do the things we normally do based on all the things we have put

into space. now if, if there is someone else that's perceived as a threat, then we can think of military actions rather than just a defensive action. so offensive actions or, or let me, let me not say, i'll transfer it. let me say if there's a satellite that we believe is putting us at risk, then i wouldn't put it past the space forced to take out that satellite and by some way, and a lot of ways to do that. but this whole thing with star wars with, with ships fighting each other. no, that is not what's going on. okay. it is not what's happening here is not how space works. you said something in that your bookstore, a messenger that stick sticks with me. you said cosmic perspectives, can force us to take pause and reflect on the meaning of life. and when the value of piece that sustains it, that, that really resonates with me. what does it mean? what does the significant for all of us regular folk to have a cosmic perspective?

yeah, so what happens is it takes you out of yourself and out of your own ego. and it forces you to look, i really don't like this. we're been able to use it here holistically. i had life on earth much as humans on earth, but life on earth and the eco system that sustains us. and it's not just a stratus ferric view, it say, it's higher than that. and with your permission, i want to quote appalled 14 astronaut, edgar mitchell. you develop an instant global consciousness. a people orientation an intense dissatisfaction with the state of the world and a compulsion to do something about it from out there on the moon, international politics look so betty. you want to grab a politician by the scruff of the neck and drag him a quarter 1000000 miles out and say, look at deck, son of a wolf. that, that is, that is a cosmic perspective. i marilyn you that i'm telling you. that is the cause of

perspective to end all cosmic perspective. so i have, you have these fantasies where the lawn creates a space bus and was air bus, the company space bus, get all the warring leaders, put them on the bus, set him to the moon and have him look back at earth. and he say, you see the border between your country and the one you're fighting? no. do you see the people dying? no. do you see that the havoc your weekend? no, that's just earth and we're all in it together. and it's all we have, and there's no hope that there's no hint that that, that, that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves. it's up to us to do something about a carl sagan wrote about this in the pale blue dot decades ago. so yeah, it can transform the world and yes, bringing out everlasting piece a to sound like a beauty pageant contestant. but yes, world peace if possible,

when you look at earth from above, i love it. i love it near the grass heisen. thank you so much for joining us in a friend. thanks for having. that is our show up front will be back. ah. ah. from breaking down the headlines to exposing the po was attempting to silence reporting. the listening post doesn't just cover the news. it covers the way the news is copied. oh,

now does either the latest news as it breaks. so trump is still the favorite here among the grassroots, and in many of the polls the be the republican presidential nominee, with detailed coverage far has stronger bob large back on the struggles based on daily basis by everyone here from around the world. fire that engulfed the 1st 2 cause of this trade was so hot, it may have cremated the victims exactly where they were killed. a recent study shows that this preventable disease accounts 15 percent of all debts of children and with reduction lives. rob, i agree to receive any challenges with

reach with ah, 2, dozens of lives lost an eastern democratic republic of congo into attacks by the adf group. ah.