holes of course, that we see some wet weather making its way across the place of in the air, up towards the foothills of the himalayas. more heavy showers. well, the spells afraid sliding through here they were roll across the good part of bangladesh to the northeast. ah, iraq, a nation riddled with land mice and an expert dedicated to defusing them, one by one. equipped with only a knife and a pair of wire cutters, he faces death every day. ah, but does his work make him a hero or a target? witness? the d minor on al jazeera now or never, the un says drastic action must be taken to hold carbon emissions and commit to net

0 by 2040 the world approaches irreversible levels of global heating, but is, is processed to meet those goals fit for purpose. this is the inside story. ah and there are welcome to the program, i'm nick loc. the world's leading climate scientists of issued a start warning. the devastating extreme weather events will only get worse unless the world acts now to secure a livable future. and what's been termed the survival guide for humanity to protection to laid out in a un report aimed to shape climate policy in the years to come in the last 10 years that have been 15 times more death from droughts, floods, and storms and vulnerable regions. emissions should be rapidly decreasing,

they need to be cut by nearly half by 2030. if global warming is to be limited to one and a half degrees to help reach that goal, developed nations need to give hundreds of billions of dollars every year to vulnerable countries. something so far they fail to do. we are working when we should be sprinting in 2018 eyepieces, the highlighted, the challenge of keeping warming to 1.5 degrees celsius above pre industrial level is 5 years later the challenge is even greater ah. all right, let's take this on for more than this, i'm joined by all guess, inductor. we have sellable, who, director of international at the international sense of climate change in development. and also it is doug par greenpeace. his chief scientist, his work focuses on climate change and transitioning from fossil fuels and in nairobi. we have maurice on younger who's regional head of disaster risk management

plan international gentlemen. a welcome welcome to you. we'll see if i could start . would you say that bottom line is outlook is bleak unless we act fast. it is literally now never is that it well, it's actually never. and now because we have already entered what i call the rob losses and damages from climate change impacts. they're happening as we speak because right now, malawi has already lost 400 people from eric and freddy that it twice. that's climate change already happening. so it's happening. on the other hand, we can still prevent the really, really, really bad stuff from happening in the long term. if we reduce our emissions rapidly as we have been told to do by the i p c. c. so we haven't got out of the woods yet. we are still in the thick of it. indeed it's maurice almost every day we are reporting on climate catastrophes for transfer surveys from somewhere in the world. and of course, it's those who did not contribute to the problem who had

a hard to say to not particularly applies to nations in africa. yes, you are right. in fact, africa is the least luther yet it bad luck just impacts in terms of climate change . and that's your rightly put it as we speak now. in the, in the kenya. and in somalia, we are facing, there was drugs in 40 s and this is something that is really driven by the impacts of climate change. we have seen the frequency and sobriety of growth really, really getting watch over the us. in the past, we used to have this out every like 10 years. but increasingly they're becoming more frequent. most of, as we speak 22000000 people across europe in somalia, facing serious food insecurity, which is caused by drought and 5100000 children out of my lot is that and as my

guess, because book and they're in south africa, the fluids are also becoming more severe and more intense the recent, when would you say blown freddy as just heat more than twice and over 400 people dent in that location. so it's getting serious in the course of you came to oxford, doug par when the report says that we're approaching irreversible levels of global heating. if we let that happen, what does that actually made? well, it means that the, the sort of impacts that colleagues on the panel have just been outlining, become baked in and given there's not really much you can do about them already. we're at a point where, frankly, i'm a human lot on a human time scale, but the sort of things that we're seeing across the world are going to continue to happen and they're going to continue to get worse. the question is whether, how fast we bring down carbon emissions in particular so that they don't continue

to get worse and that they might even start to start to drop. but we're a very long way. sorry, at that, they'd be at the levels in the atmosphere might start to drop. we are very, very long way from that. because at the moment we're still going up and we going up at a, at a very dangerous rate. and doug, when we get this target of 103 celsius, it's not arbitrary, is it? and now they're saying that we could be hitting it by 2030 to 2035. how serious would that be? well, it would be serious. and i mean, i think, i think the 1.5 target, it's a guess it's a political target, but it is based on the scientific issues that arise from a recognition that the risks to human and natural systems increase rapidly after after you go buy $1.00, so $1.00 point suddenly get worse and worse. and we're already seeing pat impacts

as, as has been outlined already. the levels that we can you think it's going to get worse because $1.00 will be worse than about $1.00, which is about where we all and that $1.00. if we ever got to that will be worse than $1.00, and that's why a lot worse and the risks of irreversible things that really already reversible like the melting of the greenland ice cap, the collapse down, talk to the shelves, all the sea level rise that in prior implies, i mean these become more likely once you get above the 1.5 limit, selma, hook, the you in 60 general and 10 could tear as he's now a countries to commit to net 0 by the earlier date of around 2040 originally i mean for 2050 given what you said at the beginning of what you've seen and what we've heard so far inside even remotely possible. it's absolutely impossible. what we lack. most of all is the political will by the rate by the big emitter by the pollutant polluting countries. if they decide to do it and they can decide to

do it, then it can be done. the problem is that they promise to do it, but they don't keep their promise. i miss lack of political will. merisa must make you very angry, isn't it? when it's, it's mostly coming from develop nations. you can, can spell the kind of change that we need. it is a, it is a huge challenge. you're mentioning, it's a huge, huge challenge. in fact, from way i see it in terms of funding to the us plan international. for example, if i just give you their statistics in terms of even the impact from god and women and children, we are seeing huge numbers of dropouts, of children because of disgust us. in fact, in the horn of africa where we are having the current drought, the numbers are still struggling. and most of that does that have been being forced into marriage as we speak. because families cannot afford food for the, for good for the households. so they are mighty more down so that they can get food

to feed their families. and, and it is really sad when we, when you see such as the church and in on the ground. and my, my plea would just be that we invest the global community invest in addressing the box of climate change. so that we don't see this impulse that we're seeing. we have be losing a whole generation of gulf and children because of the impacts of climate change because of droughts because of psych loans. so this is something that i think we need to have the dedication in terms of international support and send them all. it's a similar story in bangladesh, isn't it? and in your region of the world, they should one of the most valuable increase to the impact of climate change, you know, care, citizen, so much droughts as we heard about maurice. it's more floods from the major rivers and also psych lungs that hit us from the bay of bingo. and so we're extremely vulnerable. but having said that, but this is also one of the most resilient countries we have one of the best

adaptation programs in the world. and our people are quite resilient. so you know, countries can do better to prepare themselves. but ultimately, the excess to, to have said doug paul, we have, we not heard this message before. many times, you know, last chance saloon code rate antenna can tara said we need to act time and time again. and the world has not acted as it must be. his yet another message that we must act, do you have any faith in the process? well, there are 2 things that give me some optimism about where we might go. firstly, as the report has been pains to outline that there isn't even an objection around cost. now to delivering the kinds of transition that we need renewables are cheaper than fossil fuels in most countries around the world. if not all of them at the moment with the inflated fossil fuel prices. we know that the, the technology of electrification of vehicles and, and saving energy and buildings,

you know, these are cost effective things that already make sense economically. and so the argument about being a barrier is nothing like as strong as it used to be on. the 2nd thing is unfortunately, that we are now starting to see real impacts in real time. china had a massive drought last year. europe had a massive drought last year. you know, we think extreme weather events happening in latin america in north america, in all sorts of places around the world. the idea that climate change is some kind of theoretical thing for our kids to sort out. it's just not tenable anymore. and as maurice and salim of outlined it's happening now, it's happening to us in real time. and i hope that this can inject some kind of urgency into the kind of changes that have outlined all now cost effective for developed countries to be making and start contributing to the capacity building

that is needed in, in developing countries through, through the existing mechanism. that's not been set up with through the climate talks. so they're all, they were all strengths of hope in that even if the situation is already now looking pretty dire. the thing is, we were warned when we, i just want to run this re short clip from the form in essence is james hanson. these words he spoke addressing us senate committee way back in 1988. this evidence represents a very strong case in my opinion that the greenhouse effect has been detected and it is changing our climate now. so it's telling me that you have it's, we knew, but did not act. absolutely. we've known for a very, very long time. and i think the reason for not acting was firstly the lead to this for something that is going to happen a long time after they are no longer in power because their own horizons are very short term. and also unfortunately because the fossil fuel industry will also neil

the science at that time decided to ignore the science and just make people making money by polluting the atmosphere. so they may have a lot to answer for, for having constant problems over those many years. but nevertheless, as doug said, we can still take action right now, and i hope that this will happen. and i think that the, the interesting feature that might get developed country leaders to do the actions that they know they need to do that they promise to do. but they're not doing is the fact that they're hit by climate change impacts themselves. you know, in germany a year ago, they lost nearly 200 people from a flash flood. that doesn't happen in places like bangladesh. you know, we know how to deal with clubs. we don't die from floods like the germans did. right now, california is having a snow storm after they had a flood. and so, you know, california and the water mist stated the sunshine state in the united states and

its having both snow storms and floods. these are things that are hitting all countries, including the developed countries, and they're going to have to do something about it. they simply cannot ignore it anymore. maris sally mentioned, they all companies whose profits, of course, that rocketing record profits as are emissions as temperatures in rising as well. how angry does it make you feel when, when you see that you see those profits increase? and yet the people in verbal countries like african nations and those that are suffering yet, i bet it if it is a challenge, as i mentioned earlier, but you see the, there's a gleam of the, the, the other families have mentioned this. i usually mobile, we have moved from the largely from that state or where there was doubted about climate change. we have moved into a situation where countries are slowly, even if it's baby steps, they are already investing in green,

the solution green that, you know, just for the shop renewables are becoming the order. even in most of the other african countries, you will see a lot of solar investment in solar, lot of investments in them and renewables, whether it is electric cars and things like that. but at the same time, whatever really the fact that the investments are not keeping with the painful clements change. so the problem is quite huge, but the investments are still quite insignificant. so we need to really focus more on the investments so that we can have a situation where we can start to, but the catastrophic effects of climate change. you know, so this whole, this hope there's hope indeed marie's but it does depend on billions and billions of dollars of climate finance. do you think that's likely to come towards the end of this year when we have that the big you and climate conference coming up? murray's, i wouldn't, i would really wish that to happen because,

but you see where you, when it comes to the political divisions, those, those are quite high up in the lot. and so our, our, our own appeal is basically to the political lead us to, to really take these of a serious commitment and invest in the, in the, in the funding that is necessary to help especially get what countries so that they can start also to invest in more life skills, green solutions, which will help us to but the impacts of climate change in the future. doug, i'm wondering what you think i'm giving you in climate system is fit for purpose. we've had nearly 30 years of climate conferences. we had james hudson that predict what was going to happen all those years ago. look at where we're at now. it's just, it just hasn't worked with it. well, i saw you empathize with james hanson on, i think. i think my 1st track on climate change was 30 years ago. but for, for the reasons that i've outlined, you know, it's, it's

a different context now. and the thing about climate change is that, you know, i've, i've witnessed many cops going right back to 92. and yes, i completely understand why people are saying this, this is, this isn't working, this fit for purpose. but the thing is, it's a global problem. and nations need to be held, accounted for him. that is dedicated to climate change so that other countries can push the big polluters on what they doing. so if you scrapped the un climate change process, you would very rapidly find you've got to reinvent something that looks very much like it. because otherwise, you know, nations will just go off and do what they want. and they don't help to account by other nations around the table. so yeah, i can, i can understand the frustrations because i found myself deeply frustrated by to the process is slow. we look for leadership coming from elsewhere, but we have now got some kind of naming of some of the fossil fuels like coal.

we've got potentially a lawson damage fund that can address some of the climate injustices that we've been when we've been hearing about. so there are things that can happen through this process, but it's inconceivable that they would happen. otherwise it's selling. what do you think about the press as i was at the last caught the last climate conference in tara, we in are in shambles. shaken egypt. we had no end of fossil fuel lobbyists there and indeed of the next one that's going to be one of the, the president of cough is going to be the ceo of dubai. that is, oh, yes. well i'm, i'm, i'm with doug on this. you know, i've, i'm one of the few people who has been to all 27 cops. so he's not, i have been invested a lot of my own time and effort in this process. and the reason why i've done that despite the frustration that's as not says, it's the only place where you can have

a global problem being addressed by all the leaders of the world. and particularly the poorer vulnerable countries like mine. and like the more recent, we don't get invited to the g 7 or the g 20 or the security council. this is the you and have to seek copies. the only place where we can meet with the big guys and tell them what we need them to do and hold them to account. and we try and do that . and in pop 27, you remember we actually got something which we've been asking for some time. i lawson damage fund that we've all agreed to do that we don't have any money in it yet. we're not going to have to with money in it. and for putting the money in, we're going to have to make their fossil fuel companies and let go of some of their exorbitant profits that they're making put attacks on them and put them into a lawson damage fund. if we can generate the political will to do it, it can happen is selling, we have this kind of double speak that we're from selling from you as president joe by new on the one hand is toward the climate. gotcha. and the next moment he's signing off on oil exploration in alaska. unfortunately, you know,

the oil industry is extremely powerful and they, they lobby much harder and better than we, the poor developing countries. what's suffering the impact, they don't care. they just want to make profits and really that we've been allowing them to do that for too long. we shouldn't allow it anymore. no. maurice, it's all about climate justice in the end, isn't it? how important is the issue of climate justice? do you think in the whole transition it is, it is extremely, extremely important because as i was mentioning earlier, the come to that are polluting the least of the ones having there was impacts. so a climate justice is a critical critical component and we really need to come up with measures to make sure that we recover the like the loss. and that meets that make us mention that is a critical next step that we have now made reality. we have been talking about it for a long time,

but it's not the so the key thing is how do we invest in it and the missions that can help the countries also to get justice in terms of the impacts of the 15 thing . it says it's a reality, but it's any reality in terminology, isn't it? and it's there, but it is all they know. that's why i'm saying is the reality that we've ever had that we can, even before we already know have something, at least we have something that is a movement that is progress. we need to appreciate the fact that at least we have that in place. now the key thing is continue low being so that funds can go into it will start really driving big changes in terms of climate change mitigation under proficient. doug part, let's talk more about progress. where are we at with renewable energy? how well poised countries with that well, i think a recent analysis by recent who was 18 months ago,

so it's probably out of date now in some ways. but that said the already and 87 percent of countries are the windows solar would be cheaper than the fossil fuels equivalent. in some countries, we are now finding that the solar in particular can be cheaper than the running costs of fossil fuel plan. so never mind the construction costs and all the development, but actually the running cost is cheaper i've sold than to just run a gas punch or a cold pond. so if those things are able to go ahead and they get planning and connection, then they will on the cut, the, the existing fossil fuel plan and damage their financial viability. and i think that is, yeah, that's where we are at the moment. i think they're all of course full seats. that would be very pleased for that transition. not to happen and they do fight back and they do push against it and things can be slower than they should be. but on i can

only basis. there is no reason why we shouldn't see very large transitions to, to renewables quite soon. but you know, every step of the way you tend to find is a fight with where communities need to get on the back of the politician. so making decisions just to make a positive case, the saying yes, we want things that will actually make a difference in the climate transition that we want renewable energy, this the right way to go. it doesn't just happen automatically just because it's economically and environmentally sensible setting. what do you think? do you think this current fossil fuel boom will be short lived? i think so. i think the, the writing is already on the wall, as doug has said that the fossil fuel companies are without subsidies or without bullying. and buying politicians are really don't have an economic case anymore. i'll give you the example here in bangladesh where i am, you know, in bangladesh we have more than 6000000 households. so have

a solar home systems. they have a panel on the roof, it charges a battery and provide them with lighting in the evening. and the quality of life improvement by that is very, very significant. about 20000000 people in those 6000000 households now have a much better life than they used to have before. now in megawatt terms, that's not a big, huge amount of megawatts of electricity. but in quality of life terms, it's a huge improvement and it's expanding very, very rapidly. and that's the way we need to both emory. so what are your thoughts about the developing nations they want to develop? they want lives to improve, they want to come out of poverty. and yet at the same time, they're being asked to make this transition, which is, you know, it comes with a great cost and they certainly need help from the outside. but it also causes issues from within. what do you think about that? i think we are in that connected while we are in this wild together that that for me is the most important thing. it's not about wanting to invest and that's not

wanting to invest. we are in this well together climate change as we have mentioned is going to impact everybody. even if it doesn't do it now, it is going to impact even the countries. so if we invest in new technology, is to get the new renew with new renewables together and make sure that they are accessible to the parts of the was that we all help funds eventually into the, the future that we went. so i would not really say that we should not invest because we have the other different mental challenges at home. let us focus and make sure that we can, how was that is better for all of us a while. that is why that is cleaner. a lot of that is better for children and grandchildren. i think that is the message that we need to focus on. and that includes technologies, transferring those technologies also to the what are countries, whether it is on the, on the, on the, on the agreement, you may g,

where that is on the trees abilities on sola. let's make sure that we invest and transfer that technology so that we can move together and have a better while in terms of climate change. because we come towards the end of this program. what are your thoughts about why she manage he is failing on this, so has failed in the so far. i mean if there was a meet right. hurtling tool, death likely to do what climate change the projected to do would be all over saudi out. wouldn't wait. why are we not doing that with this vested interest? i mean, there's the, the, the, the fossil fuel industry in pretty much all countries is a huge barrier to change. because it's going to undermine the future profitability. and did the international fora like the u. n. climate talks, it's the countries who are fossil fuel based economies, who are the most obstructive. so in the end, if we were able to escape from that,

and as you say, be the be the kind of a d and looking down and say, what's the best thing for the planet as a whole for human societies, for, for, for nature, what's the best thing then you would say, well, make this transition as fast as possible and it won't even cost you too much and you'll get all sorts of benefits, like clean air, better cities, and so on. and so you wouldn't, that wouldn't really be much of a discussion about it just be happening. so that the only thing that studying it down is the, the existing interests and the existing way in which we've set up all societies to be fossil fuel dependent. and it needs enlightened public interest or forwards. he's elected or forces in very instances to make that change and overcome the barriers that the interests stop from happening. and that's kind of it really indeed well said guests,

thank you so much indeed for joining us said we'll have to leave it there. an important story, no doubt said, well hook, doug paul and maurice on younger thanks so much and thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting your website al jazeera dot com. and for further discussion, just go to our facebook page that's at facebook dot com forward slash ha inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter or handle is at ha insights for me, mc clock, the whole team here. it's good bye from ah ah

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