research and all the payloads, but no people on board at this moment, we hobbin not able to conform successful run being on the in the us office. oh, our engineers, up m c. c is continue to investigate the current status update under current li. are we harbor not on file the communication from with your on? do we have to assume doubt we ah, oh us. it may. ah, if we could not complete the damping on didn't us office, spain is bracing for a week of temperatures as high as 40 degrees celsius, which are full cost, a shot records for april. spain's weather agencies warned people to prepare for exceptionally high temperatures. for this time of year. officials have laid out plans to open public swimming pools early and adapt school schedules.

ah, look at the main stories now. so downs later sci fi between the army and the pan military rapids support forces has failed to hold. at least 4059 people have been killed since the violet started 11 days ago, around 4000 others have been injured. meanwhile, the u. n. a sang are shortages of food, water medicine and feel that are extremely acute price is skyrocketing in the capital. the price of bottled water is doubled and cash is hard to access. tens of thousands of sudanese already seeking refuge in neighboring countries. if a morgan has more from hard tomb and we've spoken to other residents in the northern part of the capital for example, and they say they were able to hear heavy artillery strikes or between the 2 sides and that they were forced to stay inside their homes unable to get access to basic

necessities. now you're talking about a residential neighborhood that has, hadn't, that has not had running water out for 11 days now. that has not had electricity for 7 days or for 11 days. so people say that they're trying to get at get out of their homes for bees if supplies water food, but that's becoming very hard, was continuous fighting. a continues between the rapid support forces embassy, denise army. then there's undermine where the hospital was hit residency from the early hours they were able to hear the artillery strikes up to late afternoon when the hospital was head. dozens of bodies have been discovered off the libyan coast, after 2 boats carrying migrants sank in the mediterranean aid workers say they expect more bodies to wash up in the coming days. international organization for migrations as at least $441.00 migrants and refugees drown this year, trying to cross the mediterranean from northern africa to europe. and you as president joe biden has announced his re election bid for 2024 idence team released

a campaign launch video. exactly 4 years after announce his previous bed to run for president is 80 years old. and at that age, already the oldest president in american history, but he's brushed aside concerns about his fitness for a 2nd time. i was the headlines you can read more about all those stories. it to al jazeera dot com to say to the stream is the program coming up next? asking if a change to a u. s. communications law could break the internet statement for that talk the law will. the law, when with neither side, willing to negotiate is the ukraine war becoming a forever war is america's global leadership, increasingly fragile. what will you s, politics look like as we had to the presidential election of 2024 acoustical look us politics the bottom line. good with hello and welcome to the stream i met

sabot dean. today could a u. s. supreme court case break the internet. we'll look at cases that are challenging what's known as section $230.00, the shield law that protects social media and tech companies from being held accountable for harmful content posted online. the courts eventual rulings could have a major impact on the future of content, moderation, and internet free speech. of course, we are always interested to hear what you have to say, just jump into our live you to chat, share your questions and comments and be part of the stream. ah, with us to discuss this is megan jojo, senior council, with the electronic privacy information center, also known as epic. and in san francisco, julie ohio, executive director of internet sample interior or internet without borders. and in oakland, california mclean, draughty of the electronic frontier foundation. he's an attorney and legal fellow

that focuses on free speech litigation. ah, so many things to discuss here. a complicated topic for people who are not caught up. welcome to you all. i'm gonna start with the basics. julie, what is section $230.00. thank you. have no, that's a great pleasure to be here. well, it's important to remember that basically regulation of content, moderation, by social media, because it's, that's what it's about is restricted in the united states by the 1st amendment on the one hand and section 230, which we're talking about the 1st amendment limiting, oh, preventing government from making laws to force an interpretation of freedom of speech . but what does section 230 says? it says on the one hand to 230 see one says on the one hand that platforms are not publishers. therefore they're not liable for the speech on their platforms. and 2nd aspect of section 230 section 230 c 2, which is also referred,

referred as the tape, dumb clause, and states that platforms can remove any material they deem objectionable for any reason. so we do see that platforms do have some freedom to decide what they want. i guess when we talk about section 230, i'm really interested in how it's kind of shape the modern internet, if you will, megan, it was supposed to incentivize tech companies. if i'm not mistaken to, to moderate their platforms is not what it's doing. that's exactly what it was meant to do. but almost immediately, courts misread section $230.00 to immunize companies, or any decisions they made about publishing, 3rd party content. so since saw so much of what internet company do can be categorized as publishing 3rd party content. section $230.00 has eliminated a lot of potential liability for tech companies. and as a result, it's incurred some pretty bad behaviors that disproportionately impact marginalized

groups. so for instance, 2nd to 30 as a lab tech companies to ignore and even encourage harassment and abuse on their services. because companies claim that the harm comes entirely from 3rd party content. so like there are no, no, i was just going, sorry, i mean to, there of it's, it's almost a bit confusing. i want to try to clarify this a bit. maybe mcclin's you can help us out and then we'll, we'll dig a little bit deeper. does section $230.00, give free freedom to platforms, to kind of decide what content would be deemed, you know, acceptable for their, their space as their platforms and what content they would moderate with. with it, without government intervention, to be clear. section $230.00 was not meant to only incentivize platforms to take down content. it was meant to protect their content, moderation decisions in general. and some of the court cases that lead to section 230 involves people who are upset about what other internet user said about them on

blogs and forums. they sued those platforms, and congress was worried that if people were able to see you because certain content was not taken down, not just what content was taken down. that platforms would not be able to evolve. and we would not have the flourishing internet that we have today. and there's no denying that there's a lot of problems with content on these platforms. but it's not just what's left up . a lot of very good content, including in when we come, we're talking about the gonzales case, which involves content related to terrorism. when platform start going after bad content, especially the big platforms that are using algorithms that are frankly not very well teams that are to do for millions of pieces of content every day. you start taking down content not just by terrorist, but about terrorists. not just terrorist propaganda, but from human rights organizations explaining what are the bad terrorist acts that have happened and what are be doing about it. those things get caught up and that also when you know that on yesterday is not very ok for a lot of. so so,

so you're saying it's necessary to protect platforms. you also brought up the gonzalez versus google case. and for those who don't know, it's a very specific type of online interaction with, with huge implications, which we're going to talk about. and it's, it's basically a lawsuit that stems from and if slamming state, shooting in paris, that killed student. no, i me, gonzalez in 2015 and her family is arguing that youtube had wrecked, recommended videos by terrorists and therefore violated laws against aiding and abetting terrorists. now, i want to get into all that before we do though. this video comment was shared with us by john berg mare, who's legal director for public knowledge. and it raises some interesting questions that lead us directly into the gonzalez versus google case. take a take a listen. didn't have changed a lot since 1996 when congress passed section 230. section 2, there is responsible for a lot of the growth of the internet and quite a bit of what people really like about the internet. and it is in part responsible for what

a lot of people don't like about the internet. and it's completely reasonable to think that the law should be changed to meet today's environment. however, the supreme court is really not the correct avenue for that effectively. the plaintiffs in this case are asking the court to rewrite the law and overturn decades of precedent in a way that i think would effectively overturn the law. and it was throughout the baby with the bathwater. julie john says the supreme court is not the correct avenue for that. what do you make of that? that's an interesting case. the take, it does highlight the fact that this, this, this case does raise issues that go way beyond recommender system that go way beyond just google and that really interrogate, can we hold companies liable for recommending terrorist content? extremely fascinating question in bright. now from our position, it would be difficult. first of all, it would require a very streets agreement on what terrorism means, because today we're talking about isis and in the likes. but we also know that they

are very, there is an understanding of what terry's organizations are and this is very visible. and another issue related to content moderation. because platforms do have list of organizations that are forbidden and that are considered via that or terrorist. that's one thing. the other thing is, if we were to change in the manner that is asked from the supreme court, if you were to change the current regime, it would basically ask those platforms to not only review the content that is available that radio available. but also to review the recommend or the recommendations themselves. and this would give another get another power to platforms not only to decide what the content is, but also to decide what you will be individual, the able to see. whereas, think the, the way should be like you're entered and user can i think go, i think julie's pointing out something really important, which is that the way we draw lines in the free speech context has massive

ramifications. not just for the, the bad people that we're trying to target and the platforms who are making concerning decisions here about their content. and they did their criticism for that. but drawing lines on speech is something that we this country under the 1st amendment. as julie mentioned earlier, has always been very wary of. this is a new context when it comes to free speech, but it's not a new issue. this is always been a question of. we have bad speech, we have people using their speech to do really terrible things to recruit people to terrible causes. but the solution is not to make that speech illegal. the solution is for users to have more freedom, to create their own platforms where they can exercise their 1st amendment, right, to say this kind of content, we want this kind of content we don't want the section to 30 is really just in training in law funded mental free speech principles that the 1st amendment are ready for tack and the supreme court should not mess with those principles. and i don't know if this is what john in his comment was getting up. but congress yeah, not be amending and weakening stone too. so we can go ahead. yeah, megan,

i mean i know your organizations again, section 230, what do you make of americans argument there? well, where, where more for returning section 230 to its original, very narrow purpose. but, you know, one of the things that really struck me about the oral argument gonzales was, how the justices seem to think that their job was to engage in this policy making and making these like very nuanced decisions about what kind of liability there should be for algorithms and such, and 1st of all, that has very little to do with section 230 that has to do with the underlying liability statute which entirely agree with everything that the others have been saying about liability for terrorist or tears related speech. but it doesn't mean that we need to overwrought section 230, and we need to limit these laws are knocked down these laws that interfere with

speech. and what the court should be doing instead is to what the courts are meant to do, which is interpret what you said much so last week had to do with that. okay, and so interesting. thank you. just go ahead, go ahead and go and give an example. on this front, a few years ago, congress passed a law the foster that week in section $230.00 for content that congress thought would be related to sex trafficking. that seems like a reasonable goal, right? we do want sex traffic. terrible has many victim that ruins people's lives. so we want to limit sex traffic or ability to use social media. but what ended up happening because of this broad big law that congress passed weakening, platform protections for content related to sexuality. what ended up happening is resources for sex workers, resources for victims of sex traffickers got taken down, sex workers who voluntarily wanted to use these platforms as

a way to connect with their customers. because it's safer than standing on a street corner. they got kicked off of many platforms, platform, sort of adopting broad policies, limiting all 3 of sexual content had nothing to do with trafficking. so the point is that again, like the reason that congress passed, section $230.00 is that it realize there is going to be bad content and there's going to be good content. and part of free speech is platforms and users getting to decide for themselves. how are we going to draw a line between what we're going to leave up and what we're going to take down? that's not for the government, and that's not for plaintiffs bringing lawsuits. that's not for the court to decide . it's for us to decide. it's well. so that makes sense to me, i want to take a moment here. i want to get bringing some youtube chat. basically what's happening in our youtube chat live we have in here. and thing private companies limit free speech all the time. this is about the government limiting free speech. then we have anything. section 230 has allowed companies to ignore abuse and harassment on

their sir services. i see megan, you nodding from the periphery here in my high. and because of that, i kinda wanna take a take a moment and let's listen to mat shewer's mat is the president of the computer and communications industry association. and he's talking about what might happen from the perspective of tech companies. if section $230.00 were to change, if we, if we ratchet up liability rules, you get to potential result. one is that services over moderate over filter, i over sanitize their content in to ensure that need and there's no potential risk of liability. and the other is that they throw up their hands and abdicate responsibility. we want companies to moderate to take action against content that violates their terms, that makes their communities less safe. but they're not going to get every single call, right. and if courts penalize companies that miss needles and haystacks,

that sends a signal don't look at all. and that turns the internet into a cesspool of dangerous content. i mean, isn't it already broken? i mean, confusing to me and the internet. certainly, certainly themes are a lot of, there are a lot of problems with the internet and there is no getting around that. but the problem is not section 230. look, i am no fan, i have no friend of the big tech companies. they have a lot of problems and they're doing a lot of things wrong. a lot of which we should criticize them for. to be clear, i'm not saying that there is no legal path or nothing the government can do. i'd appreciate the nuance and i know that it's, i know that it's not, you know, black and white. so yeah, give an example like if we're concerned about the power of these big tech companies, there are other laws to do something about that. and when tech, when companies do something bad, what normally happens is consumers go to another company, that's how a free market is supposed to work. but that's not how it's working online. and

that's because these companies have become so big and powerful. that's what any trust laws are for. and part of the reason they're so big and powerful is they have all of our data, so they're able to use their algorithms to lower than and so on. that's what consumer privacy laws are. so, so, so there are other laws. yeah, the countable without regulating. yeah. and julie, i know you want to jump in. i mean, obviously we all can agree, something needs to be done about this, you know, specifically about harmful content online. but julie, i would imagine you don't think a big tax should be getting a pass as they have. no, no, they shouldn't. and i think one thing that this case is highlighting perfectly. it's the need for transparency on how rhythms work. because right now we are, we're making assumptions, a lot of assumptions that has been research by most of them external. so that case would make a strong incentive to shed more transparency and oversight of algorithmic moderation and recommender systems. now, when it comes to how to deal with that,

how to deal with big tech. well, certainly the way is not going to be government having to tell us what should be online or what should. and that's extremely dangerous. we all know what the story yet, that doesn't mean companies get away. but at the same time we have to recognise a rec limitations. he, we are talking about section $230.00 for web $2.00 platform. so that facebook and instagram and google's youtube, sorry. and the likes, but we are on the, on the, on the brink of changing out that we're already talking about immersive technologies. and i'm thinking, of course, here about metaphors. we're also talking about the centralized platform. how do you do, how do you do moderation? how do you moderate recommended systems if any, is there any on decentralized back on these are extremely important questions, right? be dealt with with this narrow angle. it doesn't allow us to have this big come. so megan, i know you want to jump in and before you do, i want to share with our audience on twitter. i think this is a, yeah, this is your, your organization. treating this out. i was ripping my hair out,

especially at the beginning of the oral arguments. this is what people from your organization is that about what the job just says, god, and didn't get about algorithmic harm. now, i think, you know, what that underlines for me is that i don't presume to understand algorithms, and i'm not trying to poke fun. it's brute supreme court's knowledge, per se. but i do have to say, no, you know, algorithms are not so simple and it's not as if in this case the tech company is kind of also telling us through the algorithm what we want to see. it's not like we're only looking for things right. is that fair way of putting it? right? it's the, it's not that you're finding the content. the content is finding you. the tech companies targeting algorithms don't just show people what they want see, based on their own inputs. tech companies collect massive amounts of data on users, like you know, how they interact with the company's website and their location,

and then they make inferences about their users. and then they recommend content based on those inferences. so what you see is like what the tech company thinks is most likely to keep you on a sir. so i can search more ad generates more revenue for that, right? and like the effect of the algorithm can be, you know, either they think, you know, a stream ok. the video is will keep you engage. yeah. thought, you know, also a stream of extreme content might keep some people and get to be fair. yeah. i know most certainly and it's and i'll go ahead and say i agree. i agree with megan on that. i don't like the, the framing that the tech companies are just trying to send us content that we want . i think that often giving them being a little bit the truth is a little more profit oriented for one day they are making said, trying to sell us ad they're trying to keep us on their platforms. we're, we're a captive audience. and so it's not, they're not doing this out of the benevolence of their heart,

but we do need to make sure there is speech protection for the many other smaller platforms that are trying to serve the public that are, you know, sometimes groups of people who get together they want to create a website or a forum, or a blog, and section to 30 protect those people also. and they need to have breathing room. because the google's lawyer acknowledge this at the supreme court. fair enough, if the supreme court weakens to 30, might stay alive. it has a lawyer that great law people working for that he can fight lawsuits with sure it's the smaller platforms that are going to get hit. and so again, i agree with megan's concern about the way these companies are collecting the data the way they're designing these algorithms are thin. and again, the solution is not to attack the algorithm recommendation that this is a publishing act. that's an act of speech. we should go after the way they are collecting this data because privacy is also important, right? and one that we should talk about more it is. and then we're gonna try to get all this in, in the last few minutes of this important conversation. so if you just bear with me,

i want to share with you a clip from february 21st. this is when the supreme court held oral arguments on the should take a listen. i could imagine the world where you write that none of this stuff gets protection and you know, every other industry has to internalize the costs of his conduct. why is it that the tech industry gets to pass a little bit unclear? on the other hand, i mean we're at court, we really don't know about these things. it would, you know, these are not like the 9 greatest experts on the internet. and there is no word called recommendation on youtube website. it is videos that are posted by 3rd parties that is solely information provided by another. you could say any posting is a recommendation. any time anyone publishes something you could be said, it's a recommendation. only whether the videos just don't appear out of thin here. they

appear pursuant to the algorithms of that your clients have and those algorithms must be targeted to something. and they're tar that targeting, i think, is fairly called a recommendation. and that is google's i guess it watching that or hearing that i should say, megan, i'm wondering. i mean, so many questions come to mind, right? like what role do algorithms play in promoting extremist content, specifically or, or causing real world harm? but then if we go back to the prophet question, i mean, many people seem to think that algorithms are somehow inherently more neutral than human beings, right? that human beings might have bias, but an algorithms design not to. is that true? i mean, i think your statement mclelland about and is just my personal opinion, just having covered tech companies and these designs aren't. these apps aren't designed for free expression or all the lofty wording that the, you know, the companies put out there. i think they're designed for profit. and why is that such an important part of this debate? megan and when we looked to the next steps,

like what are the solutions in your mind make it. so that's exactly correct that the algorithms are designed for particular purpose. they are to make a profit for the company and that they're designed by people and people have biases . they have objectives as they both these wind up in the algorithms. so yeah, it's a base misconception that algorithms are neutral and anyway, there's no such thing as a neutral agro algorithm. so and the thing is that, i'm sorry, please. no, no, no, i'm so sorry. it's just, i want to try to get it. i'm actually because i interrupted if i, if i may, i want to get in the privacy law aspect of this. so to do that i want to share with you a video common that was sent us by caitlin vogue. then we'll come back to mac and take a listen. second to 30 also encourages services to voluntarily moderate content like hate speech and his information by ensuring that those who moderate are not at greater risk of liability than those who don't. but section 2, thirties,

liability shield is not absolute, and it doesn't apply to claims that have nothing to do with 3rd party speech like those based on competition or privacy law. comprehensive federal privacy legislation could address some of the harms that are caused by providers, collection of users, personal data, and the algorithmic recommendation of content like that it issue and gonzales. so how could, how could anti trust and privacy largely address the content moderation problem? what do you make? what kaitlin i'd say there? i think caitlin is, is very on point here. and i, this is really important because when we talk about things like bias and profit, those are, those can be bad incentives, but they do not eliminate protection for speech. the near time is biased, it's pretty clear from it that authorial, it also makes profit that's it's a company. it's also very clearly it has free speech rights about what it says and how it says it, how it appeals to readers and so on. and caitlin's, right, that rather than going after and people have been concerned about the dominance of

traditional media for a very long time. but the government has never been allowed to go after their speech, right? so if we are worried that google has this huge platform where everyone's going and it's hard for people to leave, because if it's algorithms, let's look at whether it's violated anti trust laws. if the reasons that it's algorithms are so effective and are recommending bad content that people are lowering people in and frankly, it's hard to leave. social media is addictive. and part of the reason for that is they have designed these algorithms so effectively based on all of the data they've collected on us, right? so then let's do something with the incentive with the objective of earning money. ok, well we have the last word, i'm going to come to you julie, go ahead and we can we, can we briefly discuss this? yes, this has been done in the european union where the digital services act right now prevents platforms for targeting minors for instance. but beyond, when we talk about section 230, we should think about the broader context as well. any decision that will be made will have in, in incredible importance. international impact given the interconnectedness of the

states, that the space that we're talking about. we could end up in a space where, what is allowed in the united states become totally forbid it in other countries. how do we reconcile these as an internet community? how to platforms are saudi? that's their problem. but really, the question is, how do we continue to make sure that the internet social media space is allow for speech including speech that we disagree with, and including understand the world and you look today. all right, well, you know, i have so many more questions for you. 3 a, but i wanna thank you 1st and foremost for joining us on this show. that's all the time we have for today. thanks for wad saying thanks for joining us and see you next. ah ah

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