true mental in liberating southern france, revolt or 2, but were stopped from entering paris commanders replaced them with white soldiers. the dog, down before the roll of the african men in history has always been minimized. i think it's unfair that france failed to recognize the contribution of africans when france was on its knees and humiliated. many veterans died without getting the recognition in compensation for their contribution with a growing anti french sentiment in former french african colonies for say, the return of war veterans is a victory for all of those african that lost their lives for france. nicholas hawk al jazeera de carr. ah, this is al jazeera, these huge help stories been gone, bustles and asked strikes and see dawn. despite the extension of the seas, fire, the army and the rapid support forces have been locked in

a power struggle for 2 weeks with civilians course in the course. it morgan has moved from costume. so fighting is still ongoing in many parts of the capital hudson. despite the late fees, fire and civilians say that they're tired residency that they're trying to find basic commodities in the market that they want to be able to leave their homes and the southern and eastern parts of the capital that is happening. but as a very low pace, people are thing that they're very cautious when they step out, that they only go out for their basic needs. and if they have the money to do so. and in the northern part that has been impossible for many residents. they remain trapped in their homes. for sales president, louise and austria leader to silva has legally recognize 6 indigenous territories. the move protects indigenous lands from illegal gold minus log is off the days of being stranded at the peru, chilly border hundreds of migrants making their way home have stopped being allowed to cross the border into route. on wednesday, bruise government had declared

a state of emergency along all its borders to restrict entry at least 23 people, including 4 children, have been killed in miss alt tags across ukraine. key was one of the cities hit the 1st attack by russia against ukrainian capital in nearly 2 months. per francis has made a fresh appeal for an end to the war in ukraine. he also spoke about accepting and welcoming migrants ahead of the roman catholic church is currently on a 3 day visit to hungry. and a funeral has been held, the palestinian boy who was killed by any forces in the occupied westbank. local sources say the 16 year old was shot in the chest in the town of 2 se if bethlehem is all you had last nice continues. hey, on al jazeera money, the rules biggest ocean could be g, is fighting climate change and transforming pacific on economy in the 2nd of $2.00

special reports. 101 east. investigate what state. oh, now, just in the u. s. military is facing its greatest recruitment crisis. in 50 years, military leaders say they are struggling to hit their enlistment targets because most potential recruits simply do not meet the military's eligibility standards. while data shows that over half of young people simply do not see a future in the armed forces. many attribute this to information about the military's internal culture being more readily available in this day in age, including reports of racism and sexual harassment and fears of lack of adequate care and support veterans. others argue that the decline in recruitment has more to do with how young people view the military and a shift and personal beliefs when it comes to war. so what is behind this decline? and are we witnessing a change in americans relationship to the military? that's our conversation this week, and it up front special. ah,

joining us is minissha rios and veteran of the u. s. army and member of truth in recruitment, a non profit group, educating young people on the consequences of a military career. richard berkshire is a u. s. army veteran and co founder of the black veterans project and caitlin constantine is u. s. marine corps veteran and founding member of gamers for peace. a group dedicated to speaking truth to war in digital spaces, in order to counter military recruitment. i want to thank you all for joining me on up front, caitlin, i'm going to start with you. 2022 was the worst year for military recruitment since the u. s. draft ended in 1973 with the army in particular, struggling to meet its goals. military officials have pointed to the fact that just 23 percent of young people ages 17 to 2324, excuse me, meet the military's health and fitness and academic standards. you counsel young people about recruitment. what would you say are the main factors that keep

prospective recruits from joining? i think they're correct and that a lot of the immigration would not qualify for military service in the 1st place. additionally, i do think that kenzie the generation after us. i do think that they are much more skeptical of military service. there is a study from the military family advisory network that saw an 11 percent decrease in service members who would recommend military service to their families as of at the, i believe 2022. so there is a shift in a, in the perception of military service in addition to a lot of systemic problems like lack of education and lack of access to a, to decent food and poverty that is making a lot of the population not very suitable for military service when he said there was a survey in 2019 up by the center for american progress. and in this study found out that a majority of gin z, respondents age of $17.00 to $24.00, agreed that quote,

the wars in the middle east in afghanistan were a waste of time lives and tax payer money. and they did nothing to make us safer at home. that's a quote. do you see an ideological shift in how young people are perceiving the u. s. military and if so, what are the ways it it's changed? absolutely, and i think if we start with how the u. s. was created to begin with, we know that the u. s. was born out of exploitation slavery, the theft of land and the u. s. military was born out of that same character. and so our generations now have had way more access to information and have been challenged in ways that have grown them up, unlike previous generations where those generations were taught not to question a, the u. s. government and not to question why we're going to war. but that at your duties ago, and if you're a good citizen, then you'll go. but now our,

our youth are, are not being fooled by these narratives and climate change i think has a lot to do with that. and you have access to information on the front lines of resistance, sort a violence against the land, like you have standing rock, you have missing and murdered indigenous women. you have the hypocrisies and contradictions of the us right in our faces. and we're able to talk about it now in ways that we weren't able to talk about it before, especially after the trump era. and so with the u. s being the largest polluter in the world, the largest holder of real estate in the world with more than 4800 defense sites, everywhere on all continents. in more than 160 countries. i think jen z, it's really connected with what the impacts of that are and, and as you said in that, in that quote, i mean, absolutely, it was a complete waste of life for all parties concerned to go to war and for what,

today with the internet young people have all kinds of access to the realities of war, the violence, the bodies, the harm, the soldiers suffer in also the harm that soldiers cause. do you think that those things are not only changing people's perception of war, which i think is we could agree on, but isn't making people less likely to want to enlist kaitlin? would you agree with that? i would agree with that. i think that with the rise of the digital age and greater access to all of this information we, we, we have a box that literally contains almost all of the information in the world in our pocket. most of the time and gen z grew up with that. i really do think that having that access and having at ready you can just google us military war crime and have a list right in front of you within seconds. so i do think that that is having a very real effect on people's desire to unless it's, it's definitely being viewed as a more of a rigid decision or

a rigid decision making process rather than oh, my dad did this. so i can do this type of a deal. i wanna insert that. what, what's often missing from this conversation is that military services, intergenerational, they're, they're usually through things that indicate very well whether someone will join the military. it's whether they come from a military family. they grew up near military base and in socioeconomic status. right. and i think we're what, what's, what's happening is that you have general generations of veterans that have gone through unjust wars. you also have generations of veterans who have been fighting to get access because they have to live in deplorable conditions outside of just war. right. you have, you have bases that are rife with, with mold i, i, when i was a combat medic, i worked in an 8 station on a base in germany, been condemned by the german government and that was our medical center. oh, so you know, i think that that like the extent to which these problems exacerbate themselves when you, when you get out and you don't, you can't get access to basic health care or disability compensation. and it is

affecting the generations that are growing up, watching their fathers or their grandfathers or grandmothers. they're on their sisters not struggle with access. we just had our country past the biggest veterans bill in history to try to, to try to address that issue because that is the real issue is that people have been locked out and sometimes it, depending on the color skin generationally, from benefits. right. and so the appeal on that the military has the that the, the lie that they can sometimes propagate, that you'll be better off if you, sir, like the veneer of that is so diluted now and marry that with the information that you can so readily find online it's no surprise that young people can kind of see right through. it is well documented that military recruiters target young people from low income neighborhoods. over 80 percent of people who enlist, come from households with lower incomes. recruits are offered attractive signing bonuses, offers to pay for education and recruitment materials. emphasize the career opportunities

of joining the military. keeping in mind that you as poverty is steadily growing in terms of the poverty rate over the last few years. has this actually become a full fledged poverty direct? yeah, i believe so. and listen to that. that does not negate that if you are able to go into the military, have a full career actually gain access to your benefits that you can't be better off. but so many folks is specifically marginalized. people from marginalized communities are the ones let holding the bag of falling through the cracks, struggling to obtain access and, and malware kind of focuses as explicitly on the black community. and if the effects there. well, i mean, that's a great point because black folk are over represented in the military, we make up over 17 percent of active duty members. for now, for con, next week we make up wells and a half to 13 percent of the u. s. population depending on the year. so, you know, there's a 2019 survey of active duty service members that found that more than half of

minority service member say they have personally witnessed examples of white nationalism of ideological driven racism within the rank. one of the other, given the high number of reports of racism, why we still join is so heavy because there's a, there's a illusion of lack of oper. no, not, not just an illusion. it or it's actually a lack of absolutely. in a lot of these neighborhoods that, that black youth are being pulled from and that's been the case for decades now. and, and yes, what you get out of the military, even if you serve 20 years, are likely returning to those poor resource pork neighborhoods where your family reside. right. so, oh yeah, no that, that absolutely has when i want to hit it for, for minute, the department of defense estimates that in 2021 close 236000 active duty service members experienced unwanted sexual contact. more than half of them women a 3rd who reported i want to stress that were discharged within one year. the

military has claimed that they're making significant reforms. they wanna address the culture that enables sexual violence in the military. but those same 2021 department of defense statistics show some of the highest estimates for unwanted sexual contact since they started keeping records back in 2004. i guess my question is simply, is that what does the military doing really prevent sexual violence? they're not really trying to prevent it, rape as a weapon of war. it's sanctioned. it's accept that said more about that. explain what you mean when you say that. so i've said it a lot and i always get a, an angry response. but it's true if we actually take the time to listen to the populations that we are invading and with our wars of conquests and mores of choice . and when we actually take a look at their data that they're presenting about the sex crimes that occur from

military personnel on to their community is on to their children on to their young women. then you can actually see the whole picture. and when you look at historically, the lack of adjudication that's occurred inside the military with military sexual violence because of the good character defense because of all the reasons why maintaining good order and discipline all the excuses that leadership maintains, in order to perpetuate the youth and acceptance of this weapon of war, then it makes sense to anyone. ah, well to me that we share perpetrators. how am i going to believe as a person who went through this myself, who witnessed it constantly, every duty station that i was at i was wearing the teams uniform. it happened to me. so of course, it's gonna happen where, where people are stationed, where we're occupying, where we're taught to dehumanize those people. so if order and discipline and

structure and rules are part of what makes the military the military, then why is it so hard to get justice when you say something about it, why is indulgent discharges? why are stuck with this number? a 3rd of those who reported were discharged. now to 30 people accused a feller to people who said, i got assaulted. i got touched, i got the harm done to me. a 3rd of those people are born within 12 months. how? because it keeps you quiet. because it takes you or moves you, you become the problem if you're the one who speaks up, if you report that's why there's retaliation. and there's a lot of talking about preventing it about stopping it, about supporting people if they report. but that doesn't actually happen. caitlin, i see you nodding. i agree with moneisha. i mean one thing is she saying, where is not just within the ranks, it is also where service members are stationed. it doesn't just have to be an act

of war. we have bases in what, over 80 countries and pick any one of them. you can definitely see that effects. i also experience as while i was active duty in the marine corps wearing the same uniform. and one thing that i noticed all of these briefs about prevention, all of these briefs about what to do if it happens and how to report it, it is framed as how not to get in trouble. it's. i will be careful if you have a beer and this other person also has a beer. you need to be careful. it's not i, it's not based on in respect. it's always i remember this one very like we're turning point for me. it was during a brief end, it was, i think of bull, i believe a gunnery sergeant was giving the sapir brief, which is a sexual assault, sexual assault prevention and response program. and he asks, why is this such a bad thing? and the 1st person to raise their hand said because it affects unit cohesion. and now i'm not saying that that person is wrong, but that wouldn't be my 1st. it wouldn't be my birthday. is that? yeah, exactly. it's a bad thing to do, should be the 1st answer,

right. and because it takes away bodily autonomy abuses your power, all of these different things, but it was always framed in how not to get trouble, egg, you get in trouble and how it affects your unit as opposed to basic respect for human bodily autonomy, right? that's why it doesn't go away when you report. that's why the person who report it goes away. that's why i experienced mild read of, you know, deathly not to the level of some people but mild retaliation because i was the problem by making waves iraq, the boat. and so they want that to go away because that means they don't have to deal with the core of it, which is so much of this is happening to women in some, i'm curious to know as a man who served in the military. what do you see? do you see that discourse of their talking about the how not, what do you see the harm? do you see what julia? gov and it doesn't just affect women? i mean, i think the statistics around actual saw of the around a male sexual assault in the military are, are horrendous as well. and the unit cohesion argument, i'm glad that you brought that up because i served under don't ask themselves as

good as a, as a gay soldier. so i understand the harms and, and the excuse that they can make about including inclusion or the dangers of inclusion. because how it might affect unit cohesion, but it's also the same argument that they used against black people. 75 years ago, this year is a 75th anniversary of the desegregation of the military. and they talked about how in world war 2, when they were doing surveys, when they were preparing for after world war 2, up to 940, to desegregate the vast majority of people, the military were against it because they felt it would disrupt unit cohesion, right? so i think that that, that, that, that's a, that's a common response. it's a disturbing response. kaitlin a, i've been seeing a lot of, um, recruitment efforts in digital entertainment spaces. now a big boom in it. frankly, especially video games. the military's had a hand in the creation of somebody's video games for decades, but now all 6 branches of the u. s. military have electronic sports teams for

competitive video gaming and partnerships with popular video game players on platforms like youtube and twitch. you work with gamers for peace as we're going you on this a group that, of course, is dedicated, as you say, to speaking truth, to war in digital spaces, in order to counter military recruitment. can you explain how digital recruitment, with video games works and, and what we should do about it? so sure, well you already have a gate 1st person shooter games like c o, d 1st person shooter games like america's army, that's literally sanctioned by, by the, by the u. s. army is now been decommission, but it was a long running free to play game. and all of these other games that have military themes, and i'm not telling you not to play these games, is not the point of this, but they do serve a propaganda purpose, just like military movies do it is similar only in video games. you as a player, have a hand in how all of that goes, and

a lot of them have pretty simplistic story lines right, where the protagonist a is trying his best to defeat the enemy. what, you know, whatever the particular enemy for that game story light is and is generally in a good versus evil, sorta paradigm. and so when you couple that with these e sports games that are run by, they're not recruiters, but they are recruiters because they're serving a recruiting purpose, no matter what they say. even though the navy, in order to get that job you, they have to go through the same recruiting, trading that a navy recruiter would have to go through. so you couple that together there you have people being able to form a paris social relationship that you would with any other twitch dreamer while they're playing the very over simplified game if i'd versions of war. and so you have this effect of simultaneously trivializing war and military service, while also talking to someone who is actively in that military service, talking it up and getting people to either support it or looked upon it positively

like a recruiter would. and so you have this on twitch with a very, a very young audience excuse very, very young. and, and it's kind of a gold mine for recruiters because it's huge, very young, excuse, very male too. and so you kind of have this double edge sword, of like the perfect storm of recruiting for this. and there's very few regulations involved. there's not, there's not a lot of safeguards would you call for regulation of this? would you call for them to be completely banned? out or what would you call for in respond? i mean my ideal would be completely band. but right now the regulations are coming from which they're not coming from the government. like for example, the u. s. army i got told by twice that they had to stop. they had those thesis immediately because they used a fake x box controller. give away that when you clicked on it was actually a recruiting website. you said data mine and for me, oh my god, people clicking on it. right. hm. and this was not the government's saying, you can't do that. let's, let's switch saying, hey,

this goes against our guidelines, please on. wow, what a corporation heard was that into corporations, that was a, this is too far for us. right? that's what i, that's what i get really nervous. research suggest that players of violent videogames view, their opponents, ah, as less human. this is concerning to me because we consider that military video game plots are often constructed in ways that mirror real life conflicts around the globe. a 2016 study looking at a 1st person shooter video game found that some of the most common enemies a multiple games. in fact, they study that some of the most common enemies were russian ultra nationalists. then latin american and middle eastern terrorists. when the military's invested in these types of games doesn't run the risk of making potential soldiers ah view other people the other. as less human, i notice you will have caliber eyes are also seen when he said,

nodding tubes are going to as you it. what would you say? yes, and i, i really want to encourage people to critically examine the role of the american psychological association and all of this, particularly the division of military psychology. because when we go back to the beginning of military recruitment, even during the draft during world war 2, and after the draft, when we moved into the poverty draft, when they had to get creative on how to build their force and create a more lethal force. when they couldn't legally mandate you to be in there force, it goes all the way back to there and going through military training. the objective is for you to dehumanize the manufactured enemy on command. it's to, to, to build your own capacity to the humanize. another person where, regardless of whether or not you know that because of a story that's told to you. so that's exactly what hollywood does. that's exactly what video games do. especially with the move toward

a cyber warfare drawn warfare and all of these, you know, as, as the military technology advances. so to must, the training technology. and how convenient for the military for the u. s. government use of the military to have that training already integrated into its recruitment propaganda. wow. which video games are perfect for that? they're absolutely perfect for that. richard, according to the recently launched veterans justice commission, many veterans struggle with mental health challenges, substance abuse, homelessness criminality. all these things, after leaving the military, roughly one 3rd of veterans report having been arrested or booked into jail after leaving the military, at least once in their lives. we often hear about the highly complex process veterans are forced to navigate in order to access adequate care for injuries for illnesses and especially for post traumatic stress disorder, p t. s. d. how much does knowing what we know now about p t as the another

emotional, emotional, psychological issues a suffered by veterans and the struggle to access adequate care for them. how much does that play in that people not wanting to enlist? like are people like, you know what this is going to in for me that yeah, let, i guess let me pay a human story with this. so i'm glad you brought up p t s d. so we are like hundreds project partner with the a law school to do a study of the last 20 years of disability compensation by, by the a. and we're able to show statistically significant disparities specifically around ptc, a 29 percent disparity, and in our rates that black that's face writes, when you think about that, the disparities when it comes to poverty, that black, that's a face are twice as likely they represent a full 3rd of the homeless veteran population in the country and in the list can go on and on. but conley monk essentially is taking that data. he is a found a suit is a vietnam that who found a suit brielle and in federal court in um,

in this past november. and so calmly story, i think it is, is emblematic because he joined up as a volunteer in the late the late sixty's. went to vietnam, did 2 tours as, as a marine there got got into an altercation when someone called him a racial epithet. and next thing, you know, he was on the other side of a dishonorable discharge. it took him 40 years of fighting to get access to the health care disability compensation to get he wasn't able to use his g i bill to buy home for, for, for, for decades. he wasn't able to gain access education benefits and he is sewing up for back pay for what the v a should have good been giving him the whole time. but he's also suing on behalf of his deceased father, who was a world war to veteran and return. it didn't get access to the g. i bill. and i think a carly story, this is one. this is common, this is common. intergenerational goes back to the composition about intergenerational. ah, the intergenerational impact on families, collies, both of cali sons did not join the military. right. they,

they became law enforcement. right. but they were, they, they didn't join up there on my age. so i, they, and, and, and, and i, and i highly doubt that, that, that, that generations, that proceed them. well, we'll probably have a very, a very direct conversation about the real consequences of joining. but also the struggles of the families had intergenerational lee of going off serving in america's wars, having to face all untold levels of, of discrimination and then to come back and not even have equitable access to the benefits that the government is promised. i recently joined in 1st place, right and for the black community, you're talking about compounded in these statistics, tens of billions of dollars siphoned out of the black community because the government had made good on its promise to black veterans who served absolutely lanesha caitlin. ah, richard, thank you so much for joining me on up for everyone. that is our show up front. we'll be back next week with

ah with investigating the use and abuse of power across the globe on al jazeera. no place inside gone would say the press retreated to the car about a media hub and vital vantage point during the 1st truly televised war. from the roof, we could see evacuation at the american embassy, where the most iconic images of the conflict in vietnam were transmitted to the world. this was the front row sheet to the final stages of the war cycle and

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