ground, like a growing number of all grad degree, james superpower. right? really great. and the right of all drawn nationalism are proving to be a big challenge. press freedom is the ability of journalists to go on about their work. to get the truth across and give voice to the people without getting killed for the mere fact of being a journalist the same way, sheena wallclear was killed almost a year ago. tv and film writers in hollywood and new york have gone on strike that demanding better pay and conditions for those working outside the major studios. the stoppage is already causing most late night american shows to air repeats the right to say their current conditions need drastic improvements. ah, i saw a picture of a headlines here on al jazeera israel and

palestinian arm groups, and garza agree on a cease fire off a day of rocket attacks and air strikes. the latest violence followed the death of prominent palestinian prisoner on hunger strike and his ready jail unit. outside reports on the latest escalation from garza city. the here is very high among the residents of garza, the, the, the escalation that might, the anticipation of any escalation that might be carried out on the gods. the strip is always a sense, a worry and tension for the residents here. due to all the wars and escalations they have been living in the past. 17 years of israel is siege on because this trip i will hundreds of people march in the occupied west. then to honor her, the ide, none. he was a member of these lum jr. had group a baker and leaves behind

a wife and 9 children. at nuns, lawyer has accused israel of medical negligence sedans. 2 warring generals of agreed to a one week extension, 272 our troops that ends on wednesday. it was mediated by south sedans. president saw the care, several cease fires of failed since the fighting began 3 weeks ago. at least 528 people have been killed in the battles between the army and rapid support forces. united nations will san afghan, us down to deliver aid despite last month's bam and its female staffed by the town . about 2nd general antonio terrace made the announcement of today's meeting of more than 20 nations and cut off to discuss international concerns. over the situation in afghanistan sank, taliban was not invited to. the bottom administration is sending 1500 troops to the border with mexico to deal with increasing numbers of migrants and refugees trying to enter the united states. the search comes ahead of next week's relaxation of

pandemic era laws. and tv and film writers in the hollywood and new york have gone on strike, demanding better pay and conditions. but as working outside the major studios, the stoppage is already causing most late night american shows to air repeats. so those were the headlines. the news continues on al jazeera after the stream stage, and that's what i thought frank assessments justice means to give them the basic human rights, not only in the camp, but also inside the mil. map informed opinions. 5 administration are very concerned about this development especially, or what it means for china's power on the world stage. critical debate, though only both illegal revoke york, they see the progress spurred in depth analysis of the day sidelines inside story on al jazeera with

hi, anthony ok. thanks for watching the stream on today's episode. why does the u. s. allowed children to spend decades in prison? it is a conversation that has been inspired by colleagues at fort lines recently made a film called 51 years behind bars. let's take a look. in 1996, joseph writings a 21 year old manager of an electronics door was killed during an armed robbery and knoxville, tennessee. 3 young people were involved. amanda jo, good and almira nance were both 16. robert manning was 20. he gave almira gun and they both went into the radio shack armed amanda waited in the car manning later testified that he killed the manager with a shot to the head. even though i'm here, nance didn't pull the trigger. he was convicted a felony, murder, and sentenced to

a minimum of 51 years in prison. he is 43 years old. now we're going to talk more about amir. i know so young people, children, juveniles who are in the us prison system. and why and what can be done about that? i'm not going to do that alone. i'm going to say hello to rahim rafielli and also michael, thanks for joining us. and i came please say hello to audi. it's around the world, tell them who you are. what you do. hello. thank you. i'm rahim buford. i'm the executive director of the unheard courses outreach. i'm an advocate in an organizer for sentencing reform policy changes round to roll and to give voice to the incarcerated quantity incarcerated. so good to have a and glad to have you all say rafia, please introduce yourself to our viewers around the world. ah, yes i'm my name is raphael mohammed mccormick. i am the coordinator for community

outreach for tennesseans, for alternatives to the death penalty whose mission is to honor life through abolishing the death penalty. i'm also a victim's rights advocate and that is passionate about redemption and restorative justice. thank you for bringing your passion to the stream. and finally, michael, get to have your on board as well. these engine introduce yourself to our international viewers. thank you, michael garcia, nick from human rights watch, and i work on juvenile justice issues around the world. you may have questions, audience and view as well. if you do you, chip is a good place to put those questions in those comments and comment section is like be part of our show, the him, you a part of the dep documented 51 years behind bars. i'm just going to show our audience the page of that documentary right here on my laptop, because i'm looking at a meal as i was going to say to a young man, is a boy. and then i me, as he is today, how are we in

a situation nice lets me specific a tennis, see why he isn't even close to finishing his sentence yet? how is that possible? well, it's possible because in tennessee we have policy makers, there are very punitive, this is a republican state, ultra conservative, and retribution appears to be the best form of what we think is justice in this state, which is incorrect. what, unfortunately, best the state of tennessee at this point are oversee you come to this conversation about juveniles and incarceration from a very personal perspective. can you tell us how you oh, you've got to the place where you didn't think you don't think the children should be incarcerated regardless of what they've done for 51?

yes. i'm so i got into this work. i'm a couple years ago i lost my son up to gun violence. ah, and i, when the young man who i didn't know he shot my son in the back yard of our home during a pool party. before he fled the back yard, he had the opportunity to look him in. i am what i saw was not a monster was a, a, a child and fear of what they had done. and as i start to navigate my core process, i was, you know, i felt like retribution did not promote healing. ah, that we needed to be able to reach these young people. ah, especially if they are, and juveniles and be able to heal them through, you know, whatever has caused him to get into violence because not only does it impact them, but into impacts their whole entire family. and in turn, the whole community,

michael, i see. no, they are articulate that not for us place. well, i mean, the whole purpose of the justice system when it comes to children, has to do much more with rehabilitation. they do their kids in particular everyone . but children in particular have the capacity to grow and to learn to develop, and you get a 2nd chance and focus that solely on retribution really misses out this aspect of children's capacity for development. and that's the spirit with which the justice system should be approaching these kinds of cases. oh, well, off our projects in the 3rd, if he would help contribute to this program, he is was formally incarcerated. so he comes from this with knowledge of what the prison system is like. i'd love you to have listen to elder jackson, the 3rd my heem, and then bounce off his thought. build on it. you can debate him. but let's see

what he has to say. festival here, yes, we do not treat our juveniles as juveniles. we don't treat our kids like kids. what is in the, in the work that i see is to recognize that any child who is exposed to the juvenile justice system is a victim of trauma. in so shape ration somewhere in your lives, in the transformation that is need, is to treat that trauma in. come up, please come from a place or punish me or we form, but come from a place of healing, low compassion and treatment. a trauma, him you start. yeah, i agree entirely with that statement. the problem here, at least in tennessee, is that there is this label of an adult crime as though there are there is this characterization for if a chow, a teenager commits an act in it's of some nature that is via that is an adult

pain, which in this state, we don't take into consideration age, we don't look at the fact that this young person's brain isn't developed. we don't look at how they may have grown up in a violent situation circumstances, wildly looking at the act itself in if it violate some law, then we're ready to do whatever we have to do to put their personal way. for as long as we came, the faith i had i was just, i was, i was not think about the fact that we just wanted to in a sense that old i'm away. i'm out of sight out of mind. we look at our youth offenders as those other key. it said it couldn't be our child or somebody that we have low for that could do that. and so when we look at them as being others or just something that can be tossed away in sacrifice, then it becomes easy as a society to just do away with um you know the bad see,

so to speak. but you know like rahim say it how high just because the, the crime that is normally committed by an adult is committed by a child does not automatically all of a sudden make this child an adult offender. ah, and i think that is totally ridiculous when they say that we're going to try a child as an adult. ah, mike, i'm a, i'm, i'm going to build on this because i'm going to show our audience something that may shock them on my laptop, us states with no minimum age for trying children as adults. look at these states here michael, you already know this. what does this mean? this means that you can have a kid an 8 year old and 9 year old. could they be imprisoned in an adult prison? exactly. i mean, there's the real challenge with how states around the country are dealing with what

they describe as serious offenses. there's a problem with watkins characterizes syria. so as we saw in the 1st example that we opened with a kid who didn't really do the crime, didn't, didn't commit the murder himself is nevertheless charged with murder, murder on a legal technicality. and there's a problem with just in general to broaden at that the u. s. cas, when it comes to treating children for any kinds of offences as therefore in need of incarceration, you need a detention and all of these things are intersecting and it means that there are some 53000 kids in the us every single day who are behind bars, most of them probably sharpie, could be somewhat, could be in some other kind of program. i am going to play for you raheem. i retired to tennessee sheriff the one who was involved in our man nancy's case. and he has the counter argument to what you my co rafia i make him are saying,

i would love to hear how you counter that because i think this is the issue in the united states about incarcerating young people. here is this for my sheriff. tim hutchison was the sheriff when i'm your nance was convicted. i can understand that 151 years he has no problem with him spending 51 years behind bars. oh, are you going to do your site? well well, he was 16 and had a weapon, but he didn't need to do just a couple of years because of his age. no, there's not. that is the act. yeah, so that particular statement, again, is looking at behavior and one of the things to understand about felony murder in the state of tennessee is that the intention to commit murder is not present. we're talking about an intention to commit, which is a felony, a robbery. and what happened in that particular situation where our meal was not

the trigger made. and yet he said since, as though he worked this in the trigger over he, lambert, i'm thinking even beyond that because that isn't just an argument about a mia. it's an argument about young people commit serious crime just because they're 16. do you think they should have a lesser sentence? but what we know about young people's brains, the way they operate, how they influenced michael? it's fact anal isn't a, it's not a theory about young people having undeveloped brains. michael, right, this is exactly right. i mean, we, we, we come far enough in psychological researching and psycho social research to know that a for a colleague of mine used to say the rental car companies get it right so that they all rent generally to anybody in 25. and they do so on the basis of actuarial data, right, that shows who's responsible for, for car crashes. and in the same way and kind of impulsiveness,

the sort of the kinds of motivations that under pressure, particularly with in the company of others in the company, peers that lead young people to commit acts that they themselves will never do once they reach 252627, that scientifically proven. and that should be reflected in law. yeah, exactly. i mean, in our, in our community we don't even teach impulse control. we have heads of state. we have it show continuously on media and t v that there is no impulse control. we were led in government by a person who continuously tweet it and i found it really interesting. now we use mental health and we use, ah, these types of excuses when it's convenient for us. when is somebody that we want to, excuse one or when it's, ah, are you when it's are people of color you've heflin, i'm sorry, as you left at is dis embedding. i so glad you said i, and all of

a sudden now mental health can't be ah inexcusable behavior. now all of a sudden these children are not worthy of healing and love and some kind of consideration. they can just be thrown away. so danco is watching right now, danco says on each of the fia, i may cut funding for programmes designed to treat violent children as mentally ill instead of criminals by the end, why pd possibly because the program was perceived as being racist. the interesting point here, tarp, who is also watching on youtube, says those you're showing up, have privately own prisons. and there's a huge problem in the united states. it's not about, we have bill a taishan, it's about the money at lafayette says, mm hm. i'm going to articulate that um, with a mani who spoke to us a little bit earlier. she's also in the documentary 51 years behind bars. this is what she has to say about the private prison system. look,

we're trying to educate society on have this does not create favorite communities for us. we're also pushing for alternatives, because we know more so than anyone in our society. children have the most the ability to grow and change expressly with their undeveloped mind. our biggest obstacle to this is unfortunately we do live in tennessee, which is the hall for for profit prisons. meaning the longer you can, of course, the rate someone there earlier in age, you can incarcerate someone. there are more money that can be made. yeah. or him guide guide? yeah, that's one of the things that we overlook is the economic component as it relates to what we call mass incarceration, incarcerating young people. just want to wreck it. our hours are caged at a very young age, age 18, and i received a light and 20 a sentence in the state. it's in c. i was lucky enough not to be under

a law at the time that would have given me 51 years. but had i been convicted 4 years later, i wouldn't be on this program having this discussion with you now. and over the course that 26 years, when i was case, i understood that the more people that we can find behind bars for longer periods of time, you have individuals who work for the prison sector in tennessee. that otherwise may not even be marketable employed anywhere because the state of tennessee prison system is responsible for thousands of employees. i looking michael at an article here about how germany treats juveniles say on my laptop, hey i, i know you know that in europe, the way that young people are treated when they juveniles very different from the united states. what could be the model for the united states, michael, what,

what's the difference here? well, there are, you know, really 3 or 4 things that are some basics. number. one is, don't put so many kids behind bars and that requires a lot of careful taking a doubt which are the most serious offenders. and of those, what kinds of services do they need and how you, how you best are the best providers with the goal of rehabilitation, right? in that, in germany and many other european countries do impact provide rehabilitative services. the priority is getting kids to the place where they can resume living in society, get a job, have sort of like a life plan that, that is staying on the right side of a law and where they can become law abiding, productive members of society. that's, that's the goal. and in many cases, just the picture itself that we saw as you scroll down, the screen shows real difference in the,

the physical setup and gives you a hint of the kind of programming that's offered in a place like germany or the netherlands, or many other european countries in contrast to a real it all school just locking, locking kids up behind bars in some cases. and so in some places that i've been 23 and a half hours a day behind bars with very, very few opportunities for rehabilitation of any kind of just show our audience, i guess i know you know, the, someone to show our ordinance, hail my laptop, some incarceration rates, looking at the state of tennessee, which is very extreme at per $100000.00, that the population, this is for juveniles remember they said these are for children. ok. that look at the orange line that way beyond the rate for the rest of the united states and then united kingdom is behind. and then portugal, canada, and the white at the very bottom i sent,

in concert in the fewest amount of juveniles as can far as this, the space that this, the, the data is concerned here. i want to move us on because i know you have all says for what we need to do. so here is joshua rosena for him is ready, ready is already resolved. this is joshua rosena about what is possible with juvenile incarceration. and let's focus on that for the next few minutes. that he from josh festival day about 35000 people at. ready the age of 18, a walk in this country, 3000 of them are in adult prisons and jails. now that's a very high number, but that's about 30 minutes. started century when it was a 100 that not 35000 kids were locked up on it. so we know progress is possible real progress, so it doesn't come in court system or through changes in our laws, but through supporting kids in their community, supporting their family, their health care, their education, their families, and cause that's where we see real drops. and then in real drops incarceration,

how do we can't kids out of prison raheem? well, 1st of all, let me just say this. we've known for decades that people age out of crime. that that's number one. we keep kids out of juvenile and places like that by having such a society that has compassion for people who make bad choices. but i wanna highlight something in tennessee is very important. and even nashville, we're talking about when the bible belt here and we have a state declines to be christian. this is very important because christians are supposed to believe in redemption. redemption looks like a 2nd chance in the practice of christianity. but that's not happening here. and i, i think is hypocritical for us to claim to be a christian, even nation, and we treat our children like this. so if we look at our kids as children and not

as criminals, that will just change the dynamic in and of itself. i am looking here at some comments from avenues who, watching right now and it's a shall see 100 make no mistake about it. this is certainly about race and racism in america to michael thoughts. it definitely is, i mean, what we've heard, and what we've seen is that while there are still too many children behind bars, the united states, a trend has been a downward trends and such. let's great what, what if we unpack that further and look at who then is behind bars. we're still seeing, especially black kids, 4 times more likely than their peers to be behind bars and, and the reasons for that. we really need to examine, right? there is an inbuilt structural racism that's happening that increases that the

likelihood of, of, of, at a police encounter of an actual rest occurring increases the likelihood that a kid will place charges increases. the likelihood of the prosecutor will see more serious sentences. and at that more serious ends would be imposed, that is at every stage of the process, particularly for black kids. the outcomes are going to be much, much worse, on average. and i think that's something we just really need to address, confront. find a solution for the fear is always, i kill living your principles because as a victims, family member, that hasn't stopped you from looking for a compassionate solution and solutions. how would you compassion with others? is number one. what allowed me to do this, and i think this is what us as a country needs to do is that we need not just look at that maturity,

but we need to look at them as our children. all of our children and recognize that if they do something that is bad or is or is malicious or is broken, then we broke them and take accountability for that and to all do our part to help the healing. we need to be looking at community based violence intervention. as you mentioned, in my case, i didn't look at this young man that had committed that killed my son. that, that, that in put the most heinous thing against me. i didn't look him as a monster. i looked at him as a child to look them in as a potential possibility that he could be my child. and i thought about the fact that this was bigger than him, and this is bigger than my son. and that if that we had any chance to prevent any more individuals as being a shooter such as that young man or is being victims as my son, then we had to come up with a different way. an interesting thing was that in my case, is that, like you said,

this is a retribution based society, the billions of dollars that we spin on retribution, peyton, people in prison and, and, and executing them in tennessee. there's so many things that we can be doing inside of our school systems to even prevent these kind of things from happening to prevent juvenile getting into situations where they do not know how to use proper income pulse control. yeah, i'm just doing a little quick bit of addition here. so my notes was 16. when he stood trial, he has a 51 years sentence. he's mid forties now. he can't get out of prison until he's 67 . i want to bring in the family element what that means to his family. when you can't see your love long for that length of time, he's 51 years behind bars one more time. i've never been able to take her

anywhere but to a vending machine. you know, but we get along as much as we can and any way i can be a support source of hope or something. so i get to tell them now that i'm in school, that i'm doing something, i know it's not just sitting in or you know, bradley cups off the bars like you would imagine what have been the times that stick out in your mind. or you've especially messed him around prom fresh day. but allowing that am on anything for my birthday, but for him to walk through the door. you know, how like little videos are the soldiers coming home? i always imagine like that would be made like my dad getting out of prison is surprising me somewhere there still a dream ah ah.

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