member of parliament with immediate effect, johnson has been fighting his political future officer upon a mentor inquiry was launched to investigate whether he misled the house of commons, where he said or covered 19 rules are followed. so he's being forced out by a quote, tiny handful of people with no evidence to back up with a sessions. the equipment couldn't main stories now and the russian president pollution says most companies, ukraine's offensive as dante, but it's failing. last week is seen in tens bottles, but keith is maintained simons. of russia's defense ministry, announced its forces. it repels several attacks by the crying in ami, in which we can definitely say that the count offensive is done. we can state that since that using strategic reserves from the ukraine. you know me not in any of the directions, have they achieved any of that goals?

this is obvious. of course, as far as an automated savanski has been praising his troops, hot and cold results for the east, and the don yet school region shows the school. but we are in constant communication with our military commanders of the courts. it's on top of you agree to forces with all those involved in the most heated combat areas. don't ask region faces, very tough bottles, but there is a result and i am grateful to everyone who ensures this presented to me to u. s. federal courses on sale than indictments against, from a present to donald trump. these handling $37.00 charges relating to them is handling of classified documents, according seeing diamond. those documents include sound, the most sensitive us minutes receive chris, including information on the us new k program. and potential domestic vulnerabilities in the event of an attack in diamond. it was revealed ours off to 2 lawyers for trump resigned to present drums as he's been summoned to appear in court in miami. on tuesday, the united so don's warring sides of agreed on a novice these 5,

this one last in just 24 hours dusting from saturday morning has been intense fighting across the down since the middle of april, even during a string of previous eat negotiated agreements. these far is meant to facilitate the safe passage of desperate need of humanitarian aid. choices broke advise us and saudi arabia has been trying to pay the wife of talks between the warring factions and jetta for various prime minister bars. johnson has analyses, stepping down as a member of parliament. jones have been fighting for his career after an inquiry resorts to investigate whether he must left the house of commons. when he said he had followed the cause of 19 rules which were being enforced by the government at the time, i'm going to bring you on all those stories in the unit and use out that's coming up in that 90 minutes. time stream is next from boston. law a will along with, with neither side, willing to negotiate because the ukraine war becoming a forever war is america's global leadership,

increasingly fragile. what will us politics look like? as we headed the presidential election of 2024. quizzical look, us politics, the boston line. the welcome to the stream. i'm heidi joe castro, too often we see in the sex as irritating past. the scientists say funds are declining a number around the world, and that has severe ramifications for humans. today we look at why so many insect species are at risk and what can be done to protect them. scott hoffman. black is executive director of this or see society incentive. this comment about this emergency we are seeing unprecedented declines and insect populations from around the world. stage declines are from all insect types. bart pollinators that pollinate are across to the aquatic insects that feed our fish and

other insects that feed birds and batch and provide innumerable services that we need on this planet. this is a crisis and we must take action soon to address these issues. joining us today, erica mcallister is an entomologist and senior care right there as a natural history museum in london. david wilson is a professor of biology at the university of sussex and also the founder of the bumblebee conservation trust. he is near the town of ox field and east essex. and eliza greens is a biology researcher at the university of nevada. she joins us from dallas, texas. and of course, you can be part of this conversation. please send us any comments or questions me a, our live youtube chat. thank you to our guest so much for joining us for this important discussion. first establishing what this concern is the best guess from

most scientists is that the rate of global insect decline is currently one to 2 percent a year. now to the average person that may not sound quite like a crisis. but erica, why is it that many scientists would say this is an emergency i'm, there's quite a lot of reasons. one of them is that this, this figure is actually from not from a very short period of time. i think david will be able to tell you more about this, save, sorry, but what it is important is the ultimate is dominated by and 6. so a to, to said the described for now that is described for the using 6. so when we start losing these, we're losing essential parts store ecosystem says adverbs now very much. well, the polonaise isn't, that's really important. but the recyclable decomposes all of the, we still getting rid of these and i'm pressed as right. we don't know how long each

of assistance can function in a healthy way. yeah. and that, that one to 2 percent a year figure. that's a count pounding rate, isn't it? so it's, it does the get worse with each passing here. our next question actually comes from a youtube watcher. are there particular countries or regions most at risk? i want to ask elijah a. yeah. um. so one of the issues that we have with understanding insect decline is that a lot of the data sets that we have to be able to estimate those rates of one to 2 percent per year come from north america in europe. where we have monitoring schemes going back to, you know, the 19 sixty's 19 seventies, but most of the insect bad versity is in the tropics where we don't have as good monitoring data historically. and so we have a lot of concerns that there's potential for huge lots of fighters to be in trouble eco systems that we don't have to monitor any data to understand that. and even with an estimate, the rates of one to 2 percent per year, that's usually coming from the best possible habitat. because when you want to have

a multiple decades of data, you know, 50 years or longer to estimate it 10, you're going to go to have the tests that are going to remain intact for a long period of time as opposed to areas that might be converted from natural ends to more modified systems. and so there's kind of a conflict between where we have data from and where we're most concerned. i'm pretty certain and way regions with really high impact diversity are a concern. yeah. well, well, let's look at the for the yes, go ahead a or yeah, i was just gonna say it's worth remembering that the data we have tends to be quite recent with any started kind of thing insects at the very earliest i'm butterflies, we started counting the 19 seventy's i'm and this right of one to 2 percent. um it doesn't sign like much, but when you think the problem with these decline started much earlier than the 1970 is the the, the drivers of insight decline suddenly started perhaps in the 1940s perhaps we

live or not. so one to 2 percent a yeah. after a 2 years. so the turns into a really big number. yeah, it does and it's spreading too many groups. let's look at some of those groups. we have be the beatles. butterflies and mocks fresh water, insects. they are all under threats, so we're not just talking about bumblebees anymore. are we? dave knows the bundle bases and by especially i'll have to, i guess that's why you mentioned the box, but that he is chasing around after them. and they're really important. but we shouldn't get all focused on these, but he's a great, they all really important is pollinators. but erica would be the 1st to tell you, but there are lots of other insects doing important things. and in their own way, that just as valuable just as vital to us. absolutely. let's actually talk about another one of those insects that has recently gained more attention. the monarch butterfly. in march, the world wildlife fund said that their numbers dropped 22 percent in

a year in their wintering habitat. our reporter manny raffle. lo, went there to see for himself. and it's one of the most spectacular mass migrations in the animal kingdom. monarch butterflies, millions of them arriving at the winter habitat in central mexico. this year, the international union for the conservation of nature officially designated the migrating monarch butterfly as endangered experts say the use of pesticides along with the loss of habitat or the biggest threats to the species increased for spires and unusual weather patterns linked to climate change have also been linked to their decline. this means protected forest like a little side of the largest butterfly sanctuary and central mexico are of vital importance. eliza, i want to get back to, you know, some of the causes and also the consequences a little bit later. but for now, something that eric has said earlier,

that there are potentially millions of species that are undescribed or for the labor is an undiscovered. so i, is it troublesome that we may be losing species faster than we can even know the exist? yeah, absolutely. um, no, there's an estimate of, i think it's 5500000 is our best estimate right now. how many in 60 sees there are, which is kind of in the astronomical number to put it in context is about 10000 birds vc. so we're talking, you know, orders of magnitude more than 60, he's believe only describe 1500000 of them. so, you know, there's generally 4000000 species that could go extinct before they're even described by western science. and so that's a huge concern that we don't even know really what we're dealing with in some situations. yeah. but you know, people have been noticing the decline of insects in some unexpected ways. like finding fewer dead bugs flattered on their cars after a long drive. and there's actual data on this. in the u. k. the kids while live

trust has an app that allows people to track the number of bugs bound splattered on their license plate. using this very sign, typically named splits habit or grad. and i think there are a lot of people contributing and all this on his side though, the results have been worry some because the amount of bugs flattered, declined by 72 percent between 242021. and the study is ongoing. erica, are we seen as evidence of the insect decline in everyday life for humans? yes, um. wait, wait, um. well, i do because i study insects i'm seeing, i'm seeing a box of lots of them everywhere. i'm just and this is going to have an impact on to a problem. so this is the one thing that directly impacts on us, the food. yeah, you talk about the moment migration of every spring in the u. k. 4000000000 hold of flies to not full 1000000000. so when we start seeing adverse effects due to

a maybe 5 years old or other impacts of climate change or pesticides, and as far as tree impact thing on that migrate, we, we, we're going to suddenly see the crops have not only not got the pollinators, but a lot of these hold us lies the law of a cause to the pets. so that's very, very important in that way. so we're gonna have a direct impact on the quality of our food. yeah, i have read that the vast majority of human crops are paul needed by insects, and i want to bring up a picture that's on my laptop and parts of world china. i have been dealing with this problem for a while, the loss of pollinators. so this article from having to me post is about hon. you on county known as the world's peer capital. and it experienced a drastic reduction in the b population due to pesticide use that leaves humans like this man. and this woman trying to fill in on that position of pollinate,

or by using brushes and the others to do the job. and then another example, people in outline drones as pollinators. dave, i imagine that while very innovative, the solutions are probably not so efficient nor sustainable. i know it does seem really side to that. we've come to a state where we're thinking about replacing these. we write about drains, doesn't the, i don't wanna live in that world if i'm on a site, and when do you think about it? i'm these of been holland 18 fluwens for a 120000000 years or verified. so they really go to that. the buy degradable less self replicating the company. true. they seem to have kind of all the profit as you'd want to, the problem that we really think we could do better. and do you think of the energy, the plastics, the metals, the, the, all the materials that would need to build, we would need to build trillions of robots to, to replace the insects. it's,

it's kind of, i think it's enough sleep on cuz i did it myself. yeah. and there was a study from harvard school of public health that found already the global decline in bees. and other pollinators is stunting the yields of fruits and vegetables and knots down by 3 to 5 percent a year. so this certainly is impacting the human food supply. but i want to talk about the food chain as well in greater detail. and of course, and i just can, i just have them. but yeah, so is there a couple of nights as well? um, so these are a lot of these quotes, the thing why it's not just b as low as it does as the it's, we've talked themselves have a better, a huge amount of but the best. so for example, chocolate, which most of the world cries is pulling $85.00 out $25.00 species of which $23.00 of those of the tiny midges the americans called them. know, see if you know that, that really, really hard to match and trying to create a drones for that. and it's the idea of who you except me not having to pull

a basis for the well, most favorite crop seems ridiculous. then people will surely wake up if they do are they are to neither chocolate. but i want to talk about this food chain because of course, we're not the only species on this planet. and basically every other living animal is doing going to depend on insects. here's another picture on my computer. this is from reuters and it shows you pretty. obviously the insects are forming the foundation of the food chain. eliza, what happens to all these animals if they no longer have insects to eat? yeah, there's a big concern that especially with a very simple burns um, with uh, infective, referred receiving decline. it rates much steeper than birds. the other food sources such as caesar grain and this is the prostate songbirds about 90 to 96 percent of the unburdening rely on insects at least for some part of their annual cycle, especially for misapplied protein for chick rearing. and there's also all sorts of

other brands that people don't often think of as eating insects, but they're really rely on, i mean, hummingbird, need insight to be able to raise checks. and we're seeing declined across species to rely on insects, especially like the american castro is a rafter that specializes on incense and well other rafters are increasing as a result of the sort of legislation that have been d d t and has a lot because our after 3, but we're still seeing the kinds of capitals because they're losing the food source . and of course it's not just burn it backs and reptiles and all sorts of other animals that rely on infection. so you know, intellect plan is it just that impacts? it's really about 5 diversity last as a whole. yes, that's about the, the entire earth. so that brings us to this, the question, oppose it to you, dave. what is behind this decline of insect? there are many drive is a sadly, so habitat last globally which is still ongoing,

we're still jumping down rain for us to replace. and me sort of being failed to couple of ranches in the spread of intensive farming. and the associated heavy pesticide use is a really big issue. we manufacture by 4000000 tons of pesticides every year. many of them are insecticides designed to kill insects. so we shouldn't be entirely surprised, but insects of declining. yeah. but then there are other issues to climate change you starting to kick in effect in my humble these are the hate i'm light, pollution is effects adoptable insights can make up problems with invasive species and so on and so on. and it's, it's the combination of these things. what's the real problem? you know, insights are pretty tough. they've been around for 419000000 years. it's twice as long as the oldest dinosaur, while i may survive over mass extinction events, but the when before. but neither in trouble and it's entirely done to us while can they survive us? that's the question. erica, is there such a thing as

a point of no return? when enough insects die that we do see a collapse of the entire eco system? or the think where the n 6 will suffer in the meantime, um, as with all the mass extinction events, they've gone before. when the driver of that extinction event is gone, the other populations found that we all the driver. i think the models the bush for it, so the be the ones who really, truly gonna suffer this. we, we all the ones causing this extension. we will run out of food, we will run out to things long before all the insects die out. that is really putting things in perspective in a very concerning way. let's talk about what can be done potentially to prevent that from happening. we'd love to hear from vicki, her, the author of re bugging the planet who sent us this comment from london. it is got to stop the intensive farming systems, the chemicals, the climate change, the have

a type disruption that he's doing this. otherwise we, we won't be able to feed ourselves. so let's get real and acting to protect the insects. there are some governments around the world who are taking action. eliza, can you point out some of the good examples? so um, yeah, so uh, several years ago there was a study that came out of germany that was showing this 75 percent decline in finance. at 5 estimate, german government responded very quickly and put, you know, millions of dollars of funding into studying insect declined and understanding the causes and working on conservation. and that was a really huge step for, you know, getting the global community energized about addressing this issue. and it would be great if there are more countries following c. yeah, i'm erica. you recently just testify before the u. k. problem and select committee on insects. what was your message to them? oh, well actually both dave and i did as well. so uh uh, um, message was there's

a lot that needs doing, but there's also a lot of information already out there at a loss of the community. the was the community, especially in the u. k. who themselves are doing so much. but we, on the, in terms of recording, in terms of understanding the behavior, instead of looking at the ecology, knowing about insects. and we need to gone or, or of this information together and make accessible in the distributed network that everyone can globally access all of this information. i wanted to talk to about this, of course, climate change is impacting all spaces. and even in this general decline of insects, there are winners as well. they're mostly losers, but there are some winters and that includes unfortunately, mosquitoes who thrive in warm and wet climates. and there have been numbers on how mosquito borne viruses like dang, game, aleria cases and humans have risen as the mosquito population in the solomon

islands, for example, has risen. it's david, how is this phenomenon imperiling human health? to yeah, there are some insects that are really tough and adaptable at sort of tend to be past insights, things, but insights that thrive in my major conditions. things like high flies and cockroaches and musky to us and so on. they, they breed really fast, they've become resistant to pesticides very quickly. i'm benefiting from a, a warming climate so that, that is kind of our name. but the majority of insects, including all the ones we love, which are really important, beneficial insights, tend to be declining. the ones we're not so fond of the ones that give us diseases and sounds tend to be the ones that are increasing. so this is kind of double. why me? i guess. oh, well, i want to talk more about what people can do. the internationally renowned chelsea

flower show in london featured a wild garden in may. let's hear from the gardens designer about why this could be a model for gardeners everywhere. the same kid, i'm asking people to maybe look at ways in a different way and so on the most of them because they're very good jawad license of us the i'm are a very critical size in our history. positive as the last 45, diversity collapse is a very real said eliza is, is that as simple as that, just let things grow and we can put a dent in solving this problem. yeah, i would say it's not as simple as that. so that is certainly one part of the solution that i mean, tons of land in the united states and in europe is dedicated to bonds. and if we can diversify those lines, plant needed flowers need a vegetation that's is really critical. host plants and food resources for insects

that we care about. and then we want to attract around our homes as opposed to the past. and so, you know, it's one thing that can be done, is it? no, no window sill is too small to add a. you know, a small garden but to be able to you and provide some sub over how they are necessary habitat for insect. so, you know, it's part of the solution, but there also needs to be action in a much broader scale and intern of international cooperation. and policy yeah, if i could just jump into it is one of the good things here is, but pretty much everyone can get involved. you know, a lot of conservation issues. people feel helpless, reinforced being cut down or whatever. but with insight declines. if you've got a back yard, if you've got even a window box, grow some insect friendly plans. don't spray them with any pesticides and is amazing. the bees will smith my even in the middle of a city, and at least you're doing something to help. yeah, there is another, i'm a go higher that at the other the i, we forget to same sex have. this is all those days, this juvenile stage. so as well as doing the plot just puts out some more to have

a pot and something like that to encourage it. have a bit of a messy if nature nature has tools. mfc side is by goodness. it's how i do my god. i mean, i don't, i makes, she loves it and we can old just to be a bit more relaxed about that. we would have to, we need to re wild minds. i think just, yes, i'm going to be a little more gentle with us on it. yeah, what about this cute idea? comes from costa rica, be hotels, a place to allow solitary, wild bees, a safe place to go home. here's a sample of that the last day has k reads that benefit from this type of structure like b hotels, luminous species. and they have the majority. there are between 60700. the species in costa rica and about 80 or 90 percent of them alone,

least it means that each female makes her own nest. they do not live in calling. this kind of amber said video killing most i would say that the most important risk is the loss of habitats. the nice ation in agriculture which east was also his flight, was a nice thing. places in addition, nowadays pesticides are affecting b a longer. all right, in the final 2 minutes of our show, i want to give you guys an opportunity to wind over any nay sayers among our viewers who might still be watching and just not leaving the insects are worth saving. there's just such a bias against them among us egocentric humans. i think so. erica, why are insects so incredible to you? why should we save them? i think i was all to go remember the insights incredibly beautiful, the wonders creatures and they have these amazing lives. you do not have to go far to see a creature flowing in front of your eyes, a creature that is,

however many times smaller than you that is still functioning. i'm speeding and flirting and doing all those fun stuff to all the other on who's doing a small scale with so many interactions. justin, your god, and just go and have a look. yeah, incredible. dave? yeah, i mean in, in sites have been to ryan for very long time. not much longer than us would. i think even whether or not the useful all of them is a place to live and that's because of i respect. but if that doesn't bring you over, then we mentioned called a chocolate earlier is dependent on and when i was calling with coffee is also okay . yeah. and yeah, well, we wouldn't have coffee either. so with the lady a terrible, we're all very unpleasant. any advice or eliza, any words of how much you admire in sex and why we should to or yeah, i think as i said, absolutely incredible. um just the number of things that they do that we don't even notice. you know, we take insects for granted. so often because they form so many years has been

services there. so essentially good system function that you don't really notice that they're gone until they're no longer feeling those roles and serving and pollinators and tests and decomposing as well. and then when they go away, you start to notice and so i think that speaks volumes to how important they are to the ecosystem, not only to humans in terms of ecosystem services and also other tasks that rely on them. and so, you know, conserving in fact is really about conserving all batteries. and i think the message certainly as spreading because there has been movements to save bees to save insects. we have another comment from a youtube water saying i'm trying to grow a little pollinate or garden in the back yard. i'm not allowed to have a beehive here, but certainly pollinators, gardens, beautiful. and they just rescue these incredible critters that's all per day today . but thank you and thank you to our guests. our viewers can always find us at out to 0, dot com, the

the world's poland. h is, are in decline. in this episode of tries, we need to enter monitors on opposite sides of the planet. protecting insects of all sizes crucial to preserving food chains. i've come to the u. k. to see how old industrial side as are being turned into a bug reserved in an attempt to reverse this were in trend fighting and sec. together on, on al jazeera,

the showcase of the best document free films from across the network. on al jazeera, my social media feels demand for a curve. you're figure a controversial surgery to help people achieve. as on the rise, we've missed looking a certain way before we have kids with devastating consequences. they definitely don't care about their client. it's just all about the money fault lines travelers to miami, to investigate the rise and injuries and deaths related to personally unplugged

lives. those doctors are this the price of perfection on a jersey to the hello. i'm sorry, i'm minimizing alonda. just a quick look at the main stories are u. s. federal cortez until that indictment against for me you as president donald trump, detailing so if you 7 charges relating to them is handling of classified documents . according to the indictment those documents, you can tell the most sensitive us ministry seekers getting information on the us nuclear program, potential domestic vulnerabilities in the event of an attack. this was revealed ours off to 2 lawyers for trump.