the cherry on the street, the driver res, i've never bought a bunch of them. what i do to a, just the, the, this is i'll just say with these are the top stories. ukraine's president is confirmed and expect is kind of offensive against russia is underway. if any and forces say they've made gains in the east here the cities of bach booth and criminal russian president vladimir present, says keeps military advance is failing. a 24 hour series far has ended in su,

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i think of it fine is trying to jail his leading political opponent, that opponent. that's beating him by a lot in the pause, just like they do in style and is russia or comment? is china no different by known as the unit ball, but it has been defined data and his presence on that kazinsky was 81 for over 18 years. he hid from us authorities, manning home, made bombs across the country, setting off 16 explosions and killing 3 people. at least one pauses dive in. heavy flooding is central and eastern to but thousands of others have been evacuated from their homes. the heavy rains have caused bridges to collapse. montrose, the city of seal, the very 1st champions, lead, tactful, the english club prevailed against inter malott with a narrow victory in a stumble. those of the headlines, the news is going to continue on all to 0 in about 25 minutes time after the stream . stay with us, the basic plan it does,

the un fits the purpose was like many critics sites, just pump solution doesn't get anywhere near enough done to the amount of money that is put into a hard hitting into b. c. think about to the minus on washing it's enough for money to go on its own and built it's on don't providing on for centuries, people have been taken care of are so i have every confidence that future generations will do it as well. you the story on told to how does era the welcome to the stream? i'm heidi joe castro, too often we see in the sex as irritating past. the scientists say funds are declining and number around the world, and that has severe ramifications for humans. today we look at why so many insect spaces are at risk and what can be done to protect them. it's got hoffman black is

executive director of the service, the society incentive this comment about this emergency we are seeing unprecedented declines and insect populations from around the world. these declines are from all insect types. bar pollinators that pollinate are across to the aquatic insects that feed our fish and other insects that feed birds and batch and provide innumerable services that we need on this planet. this is a crisis and we must take action soon to address these issues. joining us today, erica mcallister is an entomologist and senior care right there as a natural history museum in london. david wilson is a professor of biology at the university of sussex and also the founder of the bump will be conservation trust. he is here, the town of ox field and east sussex. and eliza greens is a biology researcher at the university of nevada. she joins us from dallas,

texas. and of course, you can be part of this conversation. please send us any comments or questions me a, our live youtube chat. thank you to our guest so much for joining us for this important discussion. first establishing what this concern is, the best guess from most scientists is that the rate of global insect decline is currently one to 2 percent a year. now, so the average person that may not sound quite like a crisis, but erica, why is it that many scientists would say this is an emergency i'm, there's quite a lot of reasons. one of them is that this, this figure is actually from not from a very short period of time. i think david would be, i'm telling you more about this same story. but what it is important is the ultimate is dominated by and 6. so you said it's a slide for now that is described for now using 6. so when we start losing these,

we are losing essential pulse or ecosystem. says evelyn's now very much where the polonaise is, and that's really important. but the recycler is the decomposes all of these, we still getting rid of these and i'm pressed as right. we don't know how long each of assistance can function in a healthy way. yeah. and that, that one to 2 percent a year figure. that's a count pounding rate, isn't it? so it's it, does them get worse with each passing here? uh, our next question actually comes from a youtube watcher. are there particular countries or regions most at risk? i want to ask you eliza a. yeah. um. so one of the issues that we have with understanding insect decline is that a lot of the data sets that we have to be able to estimate those rates of one to 2 percent per year come from north america in europe. where we have monitoring schemes going back to, you know, the 19 sixty's 19 seventies, but most of the insect bad versity is in the tropics where we don't have as good to

monitoring data historically. and so we have a lot of concerns that there's potential for huge lots of fighters to be in trouble ecosystems that we don't have to monitor named data to understand that. and even with an estimate, the rate of one to 2 percent per year, that's usually coming from the best possible habitat. because when you want to have multiple decades of data, you know, 50 years or longer to estimate it 10, you're going to go to have the tests that are going to remain intact for a long period of time as opposed to areas that might be converted from natural ends to more modified systems and so there's kind of a conflict between where we have data from and where we're most concerned. i'm pretty certain that we regions with really high impact diversity are a concern. yeah, well well let's look at some of the. yes. go ahead a yeah, i was just gonna say it's worth remembering that the data we have tends to be quite recent with any started kind of thing. insects at the very earliest. i'm

butterflies. we started counting in the 19 seventy's. i'm nice right? of one to 2 percent. um it doesn't sign like much, but when do you think the problem of these decline started much earlier than the 1970s? the, the, the drivers have insight decline sudden you started perhaps in the 1940s perhaps where i live or not. so one to 2 percent a yeah. after a 2 years. so the turns into a really big number. yeah, it does, and it's spreading too many groups. let's look at some of those groups. we have be the beatles. butterflies and lots fresh water insects. they are all under threats. so we're not just talking about bumblebees anymore. are we? dave knows the bundle that has in by especially i'll have to i guess that's why you mentioned the mux than 30 years chasing around after them. and that really important, but we shouldn't get all focused on these, but he's a great they are really important as pollinators. but erica would be the 1st to

tell you that there are lots of other insects doing important things, and to narrow it in way that just as volleyball just as vital to us. absolutely. let's actually talk about another one of those insects that has recently gained more attention. the monarch butterfly in march, the world wildlife fund said that their numbers dropped 22 percent and a year in their wintering habitat. our reporter manny rap hello, went there to see for himself it's one of the most spectacular mass migrations in the animal kingdom. monarch butterflies. millions of them arriving at the winter habitat in central mexico. of this year, the international union for the conservation of nature officially designated the migrating monarch butterfly as endangered experts say the use of pesticides along with the loss of habitat or the biggest threats of the species increased for spires and unusual weather patterns linked to climate change have also been linked to

their decline. this means protected forest like a little side of the largest butterfly sanctuary and central mexico bar of vital importance. eliza, i want to get back to, you know, some of the causes and also the consequences a little bit later. but for now, something that erica said earlier that there are potentially millions of spaces that are undescribed or for the labor isn't undiscovered. so is it troublesome that we may be losing species faster than we can even know the exist? oh, yeah, absolutely. um. now there is an estimate of, i think it's 5500000 is our best estimate right now. how many insect pcs there are, which is kind of in the astronomical number to put it in context is about 10000 birds bc. so we're talking, you know, orders of magnitude more than 60, he's believe only describe 1500000 of them. so, you know, there's centrally for 1000000 species that could go extinct before they're even described by western science. and so that's

a huge concern that we don't even know really what we're dealing with in some situations. yeah. but you know, people have been noticing the decline of insects in some unexpected ways. like finding fewer dead bugs flattered on their cars after long drives. and there's actual data on this in the u. k. the kids while live trust has an app that allows people to track the number of bugs found splattered on their license plate using this very sign, typically named split time that are grad. and i think there are a lot of people contributing and all this on his side though, the results have been worry some because the amount of bugs flattered, declined by 72 percent between 242021. and the study is ongoing. erica, are we seen as evidence of the insect decline in everyday life for humans? yes, um, way way. um. well i do because i study insects. i'm see, i'm seeing

a massive loss of them everywhere. i'm just and this is going to have an impact on to all. so this is the one thing that directly impacts on us, the food. yeah, you talk about the moment migration. uh every spring in the u. k. 4000000000 and all the flies to not full 1000000000. wow. so when we start seeing adverse effects due to maybe 5 years old or the impacts of climate change or pesticides, and as far as tree impacting on the migrates, we, we, we're going to suddenly see the crops have not only not got the pollinators, but a lot of these hold us life and all they consume the pets. so that's very, very important in that way. so we're going to have a direct impact on the quality of our food. yeah, i have read that the vast majority of human crops are paul needed by insects, and i want to bring up a picture that's on my laptop and parts of world china. i have been dealing with

this problem for a while, the loss of pollinators. so this article from huntington post is about hon. you on county known as the world's peer capital, and it experienced a drastic reduction in the b population due to pesticide use that leaves humans like this man. and this woman trying to fill in on that position of pollinate, or by using brushes and the others to do the job. and then another example, people and outlines romans as pollinators. dave, i imagine that while very innovative, the solutions are probably not so efficient nor sustainable. i know it does seem really side to that. we've come to a state where we're thinking about replacing these. we bro bought drains, doesn't the, i don't want to live in that world if i'm on a site, and when you think about it, i these of been calling 18 fluwens for a 120000000 years or verified. so they really go to that,

that the buy degradable less self replicating the company. true. they seem to have kind of all the profit is you'd want to have a problem that we really think we could do better. i'm do you think of the energy, the plastics, the metals, the, the, all the materials that would need to build. we would need to build trillions of robots to, to replace the insects. it's, it's kind of, i think it's up to the bottom because i did it myself. yeah. and there was a study from harvard school of public health that sound already the global decline in b. 's and other pollinators is stunting. the yields of fruits and vegetables. and knots down by 3 to 5 percent a year. so this certainly is impacting the human food supply. but i want to talk about the food chain as well in greater detail. and of course, and i just can, i just have them sit with eric holidays as well. so these are a lot of these quotes, the thing why it's not just be as low as it does as the it's, we've taught themselves, have a better, a huge amount of but the best. so for example, chocolate,

which most of the world cries is pollinated by about 25 species of which 23 of those of the tiny niches the americans called them know, see, you know, that, that really, really hard to match and trying to create the drugs for that impact it's a, it's the idea of who you're suddenly not having to pull a basis for the well, most favorite crops seems ridiculous. then people will surely wake up if they do are they are to neither chocolate. but i want to talk about this food chain because of course, we're not the only species on this planet. and basically every other living animal is doing going to depend on insects. here's another picture on my computer. this is from reuters and it shows you pretty obviously the insects are forming the foundation of the food chain. eliza, what happens to all these animals if they no longer have insects to eat? yeah, there's a big concern that especially with a very simple burns um with uh,

insight to preferred routine them decline. it rates much steeper than birds. the other food sources such as caesar grain and this is the prostate songbirds about 90 to 96 percent of the unburdening rely on index at least for some part of their annual cycle, especially for misapplied protein for chick rearing. and there's also all sorts of other brands i can think of is eating insects that, that really rely on, i mean, hummingbird, need insight to be able to raise checks and we're seeing declined across species to rely on insects, especially like the american castro is a rafter that specializes on incense and well other rafters are increasing as a result of the sort of legislation that being d d t in his life is our after 3 back, we're still seeing declines of castro's because they're losing the food source. and of course, it's not just birds, it's fast and reptiles and all sorts of other animals that rely on infection. so

you know, index plan isn't just about index, it's really low by diversity loss as a whole. yes, that's about the, the entire earth. so that brings us to this big question. i'll pose it to you, dave. what is behind this decline of insect? there are many drive is a sadly, so habitat last globally, which is still on game, we're still chopping down rain for us to replace. and then we saw it being failed to couple wrenches in the spread of intensive farming. and the associated heavy pesticide use is a really big issue. we manufacture by 4000000 tons of pesticides every year. many of them are insecticides designed to kill insects. so we shouldn't be entirely surprised. but insects, the declining. yeah. but then there are other issues to climate change is starting to kick in affecting my bumblebees. they ever hate. i'm light pollution is effects adoptable, insects when we go problems with invasive species and so on and so on. and it's, it's the combination of these things. that's the real problem, you know,

insights of pretty tough. they've been around for 419000000 years. it's twice as long as the oldest dinosaur, while i may survive over mass extinction events, but the when before. but neither in trouble and it's entirely done to us. well, can they survive us? that's the question. erica, is there such a thing as a point of no return? when enough insects die is that we do see a collapse of the entire ecosystem or the think where the n 6 will suffer. and the bottom 10 um, as with all the mass extinction events, they've gone before. when the driver of that extinction event is gone, the other populations bump that we all the driver. i think the models the bush perfect. so the be the ones who really truly gonna suffer this. we, we all the ones causing this extension. we will run out of food, we will run out to things long before all the insects die out. that is really

putting things in perspective in a very concerning way. let's talk about what can be done, potentially to prevent that from happening. we'd love to hear from vicki her, the author of re bugging the planet who sent us this comment from london is got to stop the intensive farming systems, the chemicals, the climate change, the have a type disruption that is doing this. otherwise, we, we won't be able to feed ourselves. so let's get real and acting to protect the insects. there are some governments around the world who are taking action. eliza, can you point out some of the good examples? or um yeah, so a several years ago there is a study that came out of germany that was showing this 75 percent decline in finance. at 5 estimate, german government responded very quickly and put, you know, millions of dollars of funding into studying insect decline and understanding the causes and working on conservation. and that was a really huge step for, you know, getting the global community energized about addressing this issue. and it would be

great if there are more countries following suit. yeah, i'm erica, you recently just testified before the u. k. problem and select committee on insects. what was your message to them? oh, well actually both dave and i did as well. so um, uh, um, basically to is it, there's a lot that needs doing, but there's also a lot of information already out there at a loss of the community, the, well, the community, especially in the u. k. who themselves are doing so much. but we, um, in terms of recording, in terms of understanding the behavior, instead of looking at the ecology knowing about insects. and we need to gone or of this information together and make accessible in the distributed network. so everyone can globally access all of this information. i wanted to talk to about this, of course climate change is impacting all spaces. and even in this general decline of insects, there are winners as well. they're mostly losers,

but there are some winters and that includes unfortunately, mosquitoes who thrive in warm and wet climates. and there have been numbers on how mosquito borne viruses like dang, game, aleria, cases and humans have risen as the mosquito population in the solomon islands. for example has risen. it's dave, how is this phenomenon imperiling human health? uh yeah, there are some insects that are really tough and adaptable. uh, sort of tend to be past insects, things, but insights that thrive in my made conditions and things like high flies and cockroaches and musky ties and so on. they, they breed really fast, they've become resistant to pesticides very quickly. i'm benefiting from a, a warming climate so that, that is kind of our name. but the majority of insects,

including all the ones we love, which are really important, beneficial insights, tend to be declining the ones we're not so fond of. the ones that give us diseases and sounds tend to be the ones that are increasing. so this is kind of double. why me? i guess. oh, well, i want to talk more about what people can do. the internationally renowned chelsea flower show in london featured a wild garden in may. let's hear from the gardens designer about why this could be a model for gardeners everywhere. the same kid, i'm asking people to maybe look at ways in a different way and try and be more totaling of them because they're very good for wildlife. involves diversity. i'm or a very critical size in our history, positive as the last 4 or 5 diversity collapse is a very real set. eliza is, is that as simple as that, just let things grow and we can put

a dent in solving this problem or yeah, i would say it's not as simple as that. so that is certainly one part of the solution that i mean, tons of land in the united states and in europe is dedicated to bonds. and if we can diversify those lawns, plant native flowers need a vegetation. that service is really critical. host plans and food resources for insects that we care about and then we want to attract around our homes as opposed to the past. and so, you know, it's one thing that can be done is it, you know, no window sill is too small to add a, you know, a small garden, but to be able to you and provide some sub over how they are necessary habitat for inside. so you know, it's part of the solution, but there also needs to be action in a much broader scale and intern of international cooperation and policy. yeah, if i could just jump into it is one of the good things here is, but pretty much everyone can get involved. you know, a lot of conservation issues. people feel helpless, reinforced being cut down or whatever. but with insight declines. if you've got

a back yard, if you've got even a window box grow, some insect friendly plans don't spray them with any pesticides, and it's amazing. the bees will smith my even in the middle of a city unless you're doing something to help. yeah, there's another, i'm a go higher that at the other the i, we forget to same sex have. this is all those days, this juvenile stage. so as well as doing the plot just puts out some bolts that have a palm and something like that to encourage it. have a bit of a messy if nature nature has tools. mfc side is by goodness. it's how i do my god. mean i don't, i mason loved it and we can just be a bit more relaxed about that. we would have them do. we need to re wild minds, i think just yes. and then be a little more gentle with apps on it. yeah. what about this cute idea? comes from costa rica, be hotels, a place to allow solitary, wild bees, a safe place to go home. here's a sample of that of the

last day has a recent benefit from this type of structure like the hotels alone, the species and they are the majority. there are between 60700. the species in costa rica and about 80 or 90 percent of them alone, least it means that each female makes her own nest. they do not live in calling. this kind of amber said you'll video killer minus. i would say that the most important risk is the loss of habitats. the nice ation in agriculture which use results is so i was a nice thing places. in addition, nowadays, pesticides are affecting b a longer. all right, in the final 2 minutes of our show, i want to give you guys an opportunity to went over any nay sayers among our viewers who might still be watching. and just not leaving that insights are worth saving. there's just such a bias against them among us egocentric humans. i think so. erica,

why are insects so incredible to you? why should we save them? i think i was all to go remember the insightful, incredibly beautiful, the, the wonders creatures and they have these amazing live. you do not have to go far to see a creature flowing in front of your eyes. a creature that is, however many times smaller than you that is still focused and i'm speeding and flirting and doing all those fun stuff to all the other animals do it. but in a small scale, with so many interactions, justin, your god, and just go and have a look. yeah. incredible. dave to yeah, i mean in, in sites have been around for very long time. not much longer than us that i think even whether or not the useful, all of them is a place to live and that is if i respect. but if i doesn't, when you eva, then we mentioned cause a chocolate earlier is dependent on and when i was calling with coughing is also okay. yeah. and yeah, well, we wouldn't have coffee either. so with the lady

a terrible, we're all very unpleasant. any advice or allies, any words of how much you admire and sex and why we should to yeah, i think it's like they're absolutely incredible. um, just the number of things that they do that we don't even notice, you know, we take insects for granted. so often because the form so many years has been services nurse, so essential ecosystem function that you don't really notice that they're gone until they're no longer feeling those roles and serving and pollinators, and tests and decomposing as well. and then when they go away, you start to notice and so i think that speaks volumes to how important they are to the system, not only to humans in terms of because system services and also other tasks that rely on them. and so, you know, conserving in texas really about conserving all by adam. and i think the message certainly a spreading because there has been movements to save bees to save insects. we have another comment from a youtube water saying i'm trying to grow a little pollinate or garden in the back yard. i'm not allowed to have

a beehive here, but certainly pollinators, gardens, beautiful, and may just rescue these incredible critters. that's all for day today, but thank you and thank you to our guests. our viewers can always find us at alpha 0 dot com the the, the states control information. how does the narrative and pull public opinion? how is this as intended?

this and we framing the story, the listening post, i sex, the media, we don't cover the news because of the way the news is covered. we know what's happening in our region. we know how to get the places that others had no fear. god . by that, put a youth on purpose at the time, and it's to go live on the go live, another story that may not be mainstream the, the way that you tell the story is what can make a difference. for decades, he was prime, ministering wife. now, after 2 students in jail, i'm working for him because malaysia has talked to him what i want is to investigate on how to 0. the world's pollinate, says, are in decline. in this episode of the tribes,

we need to enter monitors on opposite sides of the planet. protecting insects of all sizes, crucial to preserving food chains. i've come to the u. k. to see how old industrial sites are being turned into a bug reserves in an attempt to reverse this, we're in trend fighting and sec, together on, on our 0 the, as your claims presidents can funds a concert or offensive is under way. but russia says the advance, it's failing the time about this, and this is 0 live from don't have also coming up a 24 r c. s 5 between sedans, wanting sizes, ended after a loving and much needed to monetary and aid and approaching. ty, food in the philip.