safeguard their properties, but increasingly they are not being allowed to police of setup what they call 12 points, all over the province of by around the 6 kilometer permanent danger zone. so they can stop people from going in and out. nearly 15000 people from the volcanoes, immediate vicinity have pled evacuation caps, state bulk, and all that just say the russian could last weeks. if not months, humanitarian crisis in the making. yet the government sees potential, a quite the rupture needs tourist, can watch it from a distance and they've been clocking. it's going to be a big loss. what do i have seen with the farmers, with that sort of the routine off of the workers here? it's going to be an expedited separation for other by the duties can always, you know, compensate for the loss and the navy price if there's an opportunity as late as this orange flow with it could only mean disaster. beautiful disaster, but

a disaster. none the less wiring to below algae 0 a by the philippines. the color again, the headlines on how to 0 ukraine. so as of these 3 people have been killed in a russian missile strikes on the 4th, 2 different vessel for themselves were fired from a ship in the black sea. a residential complex in shops were damaged. the attack comes today after russian air strikes on the city of privy re killed 11 people. meanwhile, the u. s. president joe biden and nato secretary general have reaffirmed their unity on support for ukraine. in a meeting at the white house in stoughton, bergen vitamin said their commitment to cave was on wavering to have the support to say we are providing together to ukraine is now making defense on the battlefield as we speak. because the offensive is launched under ukrainians are making progress

and making advances. it's been for today's the former us president donald trump has described criminal charges against them as outrages and vicious, appeared in miami court on tuesday and pleaded not guilty to $37.00 counts related to this handling of classified documents. rescuers are still searching for at least 100 people who are fear to have drowned in central nigeria. that happened after a boat capsized on the niger river between niger and taurus states. that's the light fixture from loving on where politicians are gathering right now in parliament trying to elect a new president. they failed to agree on a success or multiple times, leaving them unable to reach a consensus on new laws. there are 2 m p's competing for the post matter of the party leaders. they mindful engineer and the former finance ministers who had as

old, of israel has carried out airstrikes near damascus. that's according to the syrian state media. no details were provided about the targets, at least one syrian soldier was severely wounded. state media saying that the attacks came from the occupied goal on heights. those are the headlines on out to 0 more news if it's off of the hour, but coming up next. it's the stream, thanks for watching bye. for now. our coverage of africa is what i'm most proud of . every time i traveled, whether it's east or west africa, people stop me and tell me how much they appreciate coverage. and our focus is not just on their suffering, but also on a more top listing and inspiring story. people trust to tell them what's happening in their communities in at p a and on. and as an african, i couldn't be more proud to be the

highest. i me. okay. on today's episode of the screen, we are looking at 16 years of venice where us sanctions, how selected have they been and who's been impacted? we stopped with former president, trump speaking on june the 10th how about with buying oil for venezuela? when i left that as well, it was ready to collapse. we would have take it over. we would have got doing that oil. it would have been right next to our former president, trump saying the quiet bit out a loud how impactful of sanctions, good policy to alter the just collectively punish an entire nations for the deeds of that politicians. that is what we're talking about today on youtube. we are inviting you to be part of the conversation as well. the comment section is now nice. let's meet an expert gas joining us from denver, colorado,

francisco retreat. this is an economist profess it the university of denver. as joseph coldwell school of international studies joining us from once every day or guy is tamara, tara sick, bona director of the piece at the bell roar of your program at the inter american dialogue. adding portion of d c. monica weiss brought mout is co director of the center for economic policy research in washington d. c. so monkey in a sentence 15 years of sanctions on venezuela. what do we have today? what screened the results? well, the result, the biggest part of the result is the worst decline in you know, worse, depression, really in the history of latin america as francisco will talk about. but i think also these sanctions are a form of economic warfare and they mainly target the civilian population. and

that's why they have an impact of that similar to actual wars. and a lot of people noticed, you know, representative gym, a governor who was the chair of the house, a rules committee, when the democrats have the house, he wrote a letter to president biden, and he asked him to get rid of the sanctions of as well. and he said that the sanctions that they had or in distributed and he said purposely so. so he explained how it was, as he said, the venezuelan official, i've got the ones who were suffering, but the people and it was actually that he explained no, that was the purpose of the sanctions. and that is the purpose, i think. and it's illegal under treaties that we've signed and, and it's terribly wrong. well, what's the purpose of the us sanctions best 15? yes. to hey, think there is 2 important points to satisfy. first, there's different types of sanctions. those that are targeted against specific

government officials have no impact whatsoever in the to many 10 situation. but i believe we are talking here and what mark was referring to is like, is the economic sanctions that have an impact on the art sector? and what we have seen is that there is a problem with over on science with sanctions imposed by the us government that has made it harder for too many hearing aid to reach the country. however, i do think it's important to highlight that you might have 10 institution in minnesota and that was pretty dire fee for the end position. the fraction just look at official data by the head ministry published by 11. it said on fridays in 2017. it shows that the previous year maternity mortality increased by 65 percent and inside by kennedy had increased by 30 percent. and these statistics, which had not been made public for a long time, were made public by a health minister that was quickly is taken off of it. so i do think we need to,

but the impact of the us sanctions in context, in a situation that has had been dire before and continues to be dire and are due to over compliance with the set up tomorrow on youtube. one of our fuses pipe top immediately and says this is basically american economic co washin. what would you say that to them? is that watching right now is this american collection? is that the whole point of sanctions on venezuela? i don't think that sanctions need to be or should be an end in and often says they should be a tool to try to improve conditions in the country. obviously if they have an impact on the humanitarian situation and on the people they have and, and the fact that no one is going to support. however, in the end position in the lifting of sanctions can be unimportant solely to criminal with a transition to democracy. together with other tools,

including for example, international accountability for grace, human rights violations that has been committed in minnesota. and which amount to crimes against you, man. francisco go ahead, is so beautiful as undergoing the largest economy, contraction ever documented in any country outside of our time to contract and 72 percent of its income per capita. we're talking the equivalent of 3 great depressions and what the evidence shows is that a large part of this contract. so it can be explained by the comics actions. now it's not the totality of faith, but what do we have to understand is that this economy is very highly dependent on oil revenues. 95 percent of the tech support are or are they going to come from? will an oil exports, so a 93 percent, that's fine. and there have been several studies that have looked at the impact of sanctions on oil production. and they found a very significant ongoing production. so venezuela is for right now as

a result of such as no, again, sensors are not the only driver and some arrows. absolutely right. that situation was very complicated and but as well uh before sanctions but actually, so definitely adequately a bit. you already have try what was a large economic crisis in 2016 into the largest catastrophe that we've ever seen outside of war time. how's this guy going to tell our audience that you'll the found of oil says venezuela's, that's a non profit organization. and you focused on finding you can finish the sentence here. what are you focused on finding a tiny solutions to that as well as the managerial process in particular, we were focused on developing framework seconds or for them to go shaded events so that vessels, government and the opposition can find ways in which they can address some of the countries most starting problems, for example, to an oil for a specialist program that allows the country to regain access to us your panel of market uh with the condition that the resources that are produced as

a result of those exports are oriented toward the attending the needs of, of, as well as under international supervision. all right, so i want to bring in this extra voice. we spoke of a to daniel d martino. and tomorrow i would have listened to daniel then respond immediately of the back of what he told us. here is the reason, but as well as in the terrible economic crisis at east da has nothing to do with us sanctions and everything to do with the terrible social as far as the implemented, they took over people's businesses and destroyed private sector. so what else could we expect on forcing 7300000 people like myself or to flee our country? and so i really question the motives of members of congress are opposed for an age of sanctions. the don't affect the business one population because today you can send food medicine cache. you can travel to venezuela because it's not the same us to this is only a for the groups of the top of the story,

the country and those should continue as well. i think, you know, things are not black and white and as that's equal to say, there are different aspects, but impact on economic conditions and the situation. but some impact situation in the country. one that we haven't mentioned that i think is critical is the track record of mismanagement by it in a sudden a heart is that also has and, and, and the, you know, before the sanctions when the sit on parties did have money, that was a consequence of salad oil and they didn't necessarily use it for the good of the people. and so there's actually no guarantees of that money would have been funded to actually support that committed parent situation. and then in addition, those points i think is critical as history shows that, and that's what i'm sorry, is don't give concessions for free and that there needs to be leverage and generating incentives for that negotiation that goes back about between the

opposition and government to actually happen to get them to sit back as the negotiated table to get them to agree to specific measures to help the people and to transition to democracy. and then eventually to implement the. busy agreement, so i think it's essential to push in that direction through i'm positive. that means including using sanctions, but i do think that the way they were presented by the company ministration. initially, with the statement that options were on the table, including a possible military intervention, was definitely and i would have fun to push for a response in that would actually take minutes willa to democracy, which is what we are look for as far as the scope it is what we look for, is it for the us to impose democracy on of the nations on other countries or is it, is it for the us to, to make that decision?

and then make sure can normally they call thrive. if they don't follow what the us tells them to do as well, i don't think it is, but i think that the rest of the transfer community doesn't think that it should be either there's something really important and sometimes overlook about sash or something. so which is that the us is the only country that has imposed economic sanctions. i've been solar and by that i mean, sanctions, we're splitting that as well as sales are 4 sections. we're splitting that as well as access to the global financial market. it's only the us, you're a has been actually might be or this in rejecting economic sanctions and focusing only on personal sanctions. however, the us, despite being just one case of the world economy, is incredibly powerful because the us controls access to us financial system and towing capacity to carry out transactions in dollars and 80 percent of global transactions occur in dollars and us dollars it because not so so, so basically what happens is that and, and wayne, which the us and force us actions. it's not just the us thing. you can't sell oil

in my market. it's the us saying if there is a european for him, is punished for i'm a french for an indian for him or that besides to buy that as well. i know it was that besides a to help sell that as well. an oil would that provide inputs for the best oil industry. we will sanction them also. ringback so they're sending credit and power and incredible force that's being used by the us. and i think what's really instructional about this is that absolutely no disagreement and fully in agreement with the us targeting individuals. think last my little himself and people in his routine, particularly those who uh, on which there is evidence that have been in full in human rights abuses and incorruption, but targeting to venezuela any time use something different targeting dependence on economy me is targeting vulnerable been a swell is that i think that there's something really wrong about saying we're going to hold that as low as hostage. we're going to hold the wellbeing of that as well as hosted on show my duty decide to change his mind and negotiate. i want to go to the us border and just bring into migrants who have been forced for economic

reasons to leave the country. this just, i'm speaking in early may as i'm going to just brings back mount k. because if this is an infringement of international, the sanctions, i'm making people leave the country, then what happens? let's listen to my goods fast. the numbers. no, i have not. so it's about to, into myself in because many friends of turned themselves in unhappy insight into mexico and mexico. they are practically killing us several bills have been kidnapped into quantity one of the i don't want to go back to venezuela because if there's breakfast, there's no dinner. if there's lunch, there's no dinner. and there are no shoes for the children. for medicines, people are dying and manly. i want to give my children a better quality of life. what can you explain why international is always being broken? yes. well, 1st of all, you have a whole set of treaties that the united states has signed. the un charter,

the chart of the organization of american states and the geneva conventions. oh rose, prohibited the use of stations that target civilians. that harms the things that kill. and i want to emphasize that they kill civilians are, you know, in the 1st year of sanctions, the mortality of venezuelans. and then trump sanctions from 2017, went up by 40 a by, by 40000 dest. okay? so it's tens of thousands of people that have died in these sanctions at a minimum, and that's just the 1st year. and so i think that this is really important. this is the most important thing to get away with this because most people don't realize that, you know, other people have, haven't admitted this. here's, here's my pump pail. okay, from a press conference when the associated press reporter asked of our sanctions going in venezuela. and he says, well, i think things are really going good for the venezuelan people. he said the

humanitarian crisis is tightening by the hour. you can see the increasing pain and suffering of the venezuela people are suffering from that was his exact words. and this was, and he said the same thing about it wrong and they make it, he didn't hide it. okay. for the truck administration, the purpose of these sanctions was to actually harm people and get them to uh, to overdraw their government or at least get them out of office. so oh, and that, that's what the sanctions do. and they know this and people of course will want to get rid of the sanctions. also know this, and it's pretty, it's pretty difficult to hide this. i think that that's one of the sections will and is what everybody knows is, you know, just if i can give one example. a similar example you have in congress because you have now, for example, 21. a members of congress have signed a letter just may 1st saying and get rid of the sanctions. and this is the story i

just haven't had before. 21 members of congress said, you know, i wrote a letter to the ministrations, get rid of the sanctions on venezuela and cuba. and they said why? because 1st of all they, they said all the things wrong. but they also said that you have the full over 400000 mileage of the border increase in the last uh uh, 6 months. and i'm sorry, in the last year 2022 is 4 or 414000. and that was a 361 percent increase of the migrants from that as well. and june. that's where there's 400000 k for. and so that's what you're so that, that's going to become an issue in the elections going forward. and i think that's one of the reasons they wrote to, to buy them because they know very well and, and, and one of the coated by the way, the lead and the letter was front of escobar, who's a co chair of binds campaigns. so it's a serious political issue as well. okay. i, i, i wanna bring in,

i know that the silver, the president of brazil q was meeting with the president of venezuela. quite recently tomorrow. i know you said that there were issues with governance before the sanctions were applied. this is what president the silver had to say about those issues. and how mature is dealing with that group? i really know what movie federal need is it his fault? no, it's the united states is bought who made an extremely exaggerated blockade. i always say that a blockade is worse than war because in a war they usually soldiers and battles died. blockade kills children. women, people who have nothing to do with the ideological dispute at play, you know, so i dream of a currency different than the dollar. so we can negotiate plus between the countries who sell to us their products and who you buy from us for the different built of use quite well, what do you think has been a change in the past 15?

yes. because of the sanctions on venezuela. a look, i think those statements, i president luna were very unfortunate and in that say need and you had other presidents including private and body to is also from center last explaining that there are serious concerns about the human rights situation in minnesota. so i, i think we can over simplify the salon prices and talk about whether it's on or isn't on the responsibility of the us sanctions that's playing into the narrative by then instead of patients that have typically blame someone else for issues for what you say are on me and the size of the body is that part of the responsibility of the us though? would you acknowledge that partly responsible because um like whats turning up on the border of the us because they can't live invite us we know anymore. so it's a some risk for migration crisis. the migration increases in minnesota started in 2014. i was in the,

at the border interviewing people were leaving and they were leaving because of multiple reasons including, but many times situation before the crisis a was created by section. so i don't think it fact rates his name, the united states for everything i do see, i think as i said, that term policies included in profession of economic sanctions has contributed in large part due to over on science. but i don't think this is about just blaming someone as there is uh, mike to the city of reasons for going to spell as prices and the spelling crisis has 3 dimensions. it's the refugee crisis. it's documented here in crisis. and it's the crass on on defense that includes the dispute because i want to bring francisco and what i did ask you was what has been achieved. and i also want to add that those sanctions, us sections begin beginning 2006 i people turned off on the board in 2014 passing the same time 9 in a sentence was but 2 years before as 2014 at all. yeah. and the 14 is 2 years

before the end, sufficient. that would be good. i'm extensions on minnesota, but i'm not here to defend the sanctions imposed by that united states. i just think we need to, inc. and i create a picture that includes the impact of factions, but is not necessarily the only reason why venezuela is in but this aspect situation, but it is today. okay, i'll be back before friday to so so tomorrow, i mean, yeah, the go ahead, i'll let you finish, send a version of the head. the hey i wanted to say is like, i don't think it. yeah. i think it's important to have this conversation because there's a perception of normalization about the situation and then as well that i think we need to overcome and talk about the facts and not about narratives as president. and the said in virginia recently in that video to show all right, uh, francisco. yeah, yeah. i don't think that there are some major disagreement on uh the diagnosis that

sanctions have made an important contribution to them so. so you can on a crisis with are that they're not the sole determinants there. now i would say now i also agree with them or that the relevance actions, the comic sashes were put in 2017. but we also have to understand that as well as a country that says it's highly dependent on over at least an oil prices, then anything that changes its over at lease is going to deeply impact that. so yes, the migration crisis started with. ready for us in 2014, as oil prices started collapsing, our prices fell from a $100.00 a barrel to $30.00 a barrel. any time investment in history in any other way of exporting countries, that's going to generate a major economic prices. and that's what happened between 20142016. now what happens from 2017 on it's somewhat different because oil prices started recovering in 2017 and grew by 80 percent between uh that moment and 2018 and uh

nevertheless, but as well as economy did not recover as of usually that when a request is, will cover, and that's because the toil central was collapsing and there's very strong evidence . it's published and, and, and many journals that scientists have had a very significant effect. but i do want to point out something here which is which, which is really important. it relates to something that marks that there's also a very strong published evidence that sanctions happened, effect on mortality as he was saying. and it's not just one of the most well in case of cross national estimates indicate that essentially step is so it leads to an increase a to it because kind of 1.2 years in male life expectancy and francisco use in the mail. i just asked you to tech on living to this, i want to bring in a voice from venezuela thing to add to that concept to we are suffering here because of the sanctions. this is michelle on the central freight team and posing that as well that has led to a sharp decline of national income, the deterioration of public services, and limited access to essential such as food and medicine. under such

a harsh program, it will be difficult for any government regardless of their ideology, define appropriate solutions. and even as dependence on government has implemented on what policies the u. s. a right to impose middle sanctions. i mean in the us over 40000000 people live below the poverty level. well senator bowman, and that's one of the main sections for recording phases, corruption stations who in the section of the us recently president trump admitted that his policies towards venezuela were aimed at ceasing its oil. it is unacceptable for any nation to weather nice. their power goes less privilege, nations the suffering, the tactics like these have cost to innocent people as simply unforgivable as long as you've got us started off in this conversation. generally, politically, do sanctions work? well, i mean, the work is there is the purpose. is this upon peo explained it to make people suffer and make the government more unpopular? but i want to focus or just one minute on the economics of this because i think

this will clarify some of the yeah, we have one minute mark, so make it ok. we foot inbox or higher inflation is a, is a really big. that's your, that's a huge part of this gigantic record decline in the venezuelan economy and that was caused by the sanctions. i. and you can see that because the typical hyper inflation in latin america since world war 2 is last is 4 months. and then as well as the last 3 years, and that's only after the sanction called the why. i'm going to leave us with the voice of president with euro, who is hopeful that by 2024 when elections happen in venezuela, the sanctions will be lifted. have a list and have a look bama have you got a lot of but can also we are going to discuss because we want free elections, free of sanctions, free of unilateral coercive measures. the elections will be free of sanctions.

there is no other option. that is the dilemma. do you want free fair and transparent elections then they must be elections free of sanction. leave it on this on the on. thank you for your comments on each of us as thank you francisco tamara, a mock slipping top of our program today. appreciate you take care everybody. i see an x the, the the,

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