i have messages to share of to the is radius salt mentioning earlier this month onto the invasion that have the people in shock panic that was colors we came to made them feel by to, through painting in which they can express what's inside them. and we are also expressing what is inside us organize to say, oh, it's can often expose a cry for help be. so we have to off the book and so see on the g. psychology and social services that visit comedy is in the event of reading the whole group, 3 things to talk about feelings and how the children can express themselves to these drawings. i studied and we look at cases busy not to intervene, fox for now that guessing the help they need, the fear of another salt is not far away. and some a seizing the moment enjoying being who they are. children, laura con, i'll just sarah jeanine, refugee camp in the occupied westbank, the

hello again. i'm elizabeth ferrara mendoza with the top stories on algebra. shes defense minister able to pacify ships traveling to ukrainian ports as potential carriers of military congo is declaring parts of the black sea on say from thursday . an early at the black sea portable desa came on the russian, the solid and drawing the tax for a 2nd night interval. russia had valid retaliation after the coach bridge, and crimea was damaged when the guys buzzer was like what i see. that was one of the main condition for russia to return to the deal is restoring its initial humanitarian mission. if all the conditions that we previously agreed on off of the field and not something i'm inventing right now. as soon as the fulfilled, we will immediately return to the deal. in the shop of oliver, i has moved from moscow. well actually the kremlin, used to say many times in the past to of, that's a key if i was using the green deal for smuggling weapons into the country. now,

the russian defense ministry has issued the warning for all international ships, hazing to the pool. so ukraine and stopped saying, as he says at midnight on july, the 20th all ship sailing in the black sea tools ukrainian pulse will be considered a carry is of a ministry congo involved. and the ukranian conflicts on the side of kids, security forces, and kenya have arrested hundreds of antique government protest, as the opposition has called for 3 days, has valleys, again, france tax hikes. earlier this month, 15 people were killed in demonstrations. thailand's parliament has blocked the nomination of a leading candidate to pretend them to run right for prime minister. the constitutional court has suspended him as an m p and set it as appointed by the military blocking his nomination. the us climate on void, john kerry said, talks in china had been productive carry page to work intensively in the lead up to

the comp at 28 climate conference which has taken place in by starting in november . well, those are the headlines on elders 0. do stay with us. the stream is coming up next . thank you very much for watching. where is the western agenda heading? that's the g 7. really even matter anymore. who's more electable, joe biden? or donald trump, or journalists in the media undermining our society. can americans cross their supreme court is not corrupt. the quizzical look us politics often line the welcome to the stream. i'm not going to have a dean filling in for from you. okay. today examining the origins of the universe with the james web space telescope. it's the largest telescope ever sent into space, and its mission is to observe the birthplace as

a distant stars pine at some galaxies, astronomers say it's a breakthrough for science that may answer humanities. biggest questions, including where do we come from? and are we alone to get our conversation started here as nasa, astrophysicist, amber, strong? for me, the most exciting aspect of this new telescope is really the breath of science will be able to do, will be able to study objects from within our own solar system. all the way out to the most distant galaxies, ever the very 1st galaxies that were born after the big bang and everything in space and time in between. and these 1st images that we've just, or least really just give us a glimpse, just a hit of what's going to be possible with this incredible new telescope. i'm so excited for, for the year of science that we already have planned. and i have no doubt that this telescope is really going to change the way that we understand the universe and ways that we haven't even dreamed of yet. or joining us to explain the significance

of the j. w. s t is our panel assign, says in california, jesse christianson, a project scientist with the nasa exile planted archive. renee joined a principal investigator for the web telescopes to find guidance sensor and in for read imager, known as nearest and the nova scotia. let me uh, model uh, an observational astronomer with a dunlap institute for astronomy and astro physics. and of course if you want to ask a question to our panel, jump into our live youtube chat and you can be part of today's conversation. all right, so, so much to discuss, i want to start with, with the basics, kind of the motion of this moment. if you will just say we built this, i say we of course i haven't done anything but we built is incredibly complex. a telescope, i believe it's a 100 times uh, at least more sensitive than its 30 year old predecessor. why is this so exciting to what does it actually enable us to do? well, have always been such an amazing observatory for humanity for decades now. and there

are some things where hubble has just given us a glimpse. we have a hints we think that there's something there, and we're very excited now with dated with t. we'll finally get to the answers and some of these incredible questions, like, what's inside the atmosphere is that these extra products. but finding how far back can we see towards the end of the universe. so it's a step we've been wanting to take for a really long time. so it's very exciting that we're finally here and the telescope is performing as well as it is. right. and on that note that it's performing as well as it is. i mean, i can imagine many things could have gone wrong, rene and you know that in of itself is a celebration or something worth celebrating. um, you know, with that in mind, we sent this 1.5 kilometers or 1000000 kilometers, if i'm not mistaken. and it's sending back data and not data is adjustable to you or in a what is what is the most exciting element here as well? everything. i mean, you've said that the minute this is arguably the most complex machine that humanity is that a built and we sent it 1500000 kilometers away. and the eyes,

you mentioned, the many things could have gone wrong. the power. so you know, the sales goes so big, so we have to fold it in a big uh, you know, like a big a, or are you gonna be figure in the, in the frame your rock at me and then center $1500000.00. then we have to deploy it and yeah, yeah, i used to describe just this 2 weeks of diploma and the 7 days of terra. well really it was 7 days of joy because things went so smoothly. and then we had to align these 18 segments, which excludes the courtesy, you know, it's on you can imagine the person you need to wait until line these mirrors with 11 better. and yet it took several months. we, we did it and it worked so well. and one thing during this time too is that the, this task always, always behind a song, she'll always and in the end a dock it has to be protected from the sun and it's very cold up there. it's minus $22.00 degrees celsius, whatever in finite,

this is so cold. so we have to develop new technologies to old, produce an estimate of these temperatures. so it was a lot of challenging to 20 years. and so, um yeah, it's, uh now we're opening and you eyes and this guy and to answer big questions about the original detours. and we alone the for the 1st time we will have a credible machine so, so on, on those big questions just quickly and maybe let me know we can start with new um we have in our youtube chat, solitary kid. convinced that we're not alone thing, there is no way we are alone. and i'm wondering beyond that question, that big question. what excites you as someone who's, who's already processing some of the data that's being sent from your vantage point? love you. i as well, we have been very ill for those data for so long and just right next door to me is the entire canadian extra galactic teen just sitting there. and i'm going to is data and very just all crying out, enjoy every time the find, this little galaxies,

really read galaxies, that we think are, you know, might be one of the 1st of the universe, this galaxies that are full of stars, which might very well like be our own son and might have a kind of like our arts. so, you know, when you look at something like this, something that is like almost a time catch silver, you're seeing galaxies, a very different distances because of this wonderful property of like me, you know, coming to us at the same speed. you just cannot steal, you know, you cannot feel alone in this. certainly i think i think many of us are excited by that prospect and we'll get to that at the end of this conversation. but before we do, if i may, renee you or forgive me, i'm just so you said something interesting kind of comparing hubble to, to this new telescope that we're celebrating today. and there is this treat by john christensen, not to be confused with someone from your family, i believe, but, but at least someone who created this really powerful tool. take

a look at this. i'm going to just scroll down a bit. this compares essentially, this is the, the new telescope and this is the, or original sort of hubble image, right. and, and this is the southern ring that'd be like, could you just be on sort of the fact that this looks like something that was photo shopped? what, what is it, what is all of this that we see here and tell us that we, we didn't know before. all right, so what we're looking at here is a planetary nebula, which astronomy is really bad at naming things. so i'll stop by saying it doesn't actually have anything to do with planet. it's a planetary nebula, it's what happens when a style like our son gets to the end of its life and stopped puffing off all of its outer layers and they create this gorgeous cloud that you see today. and the star in the middle pushes the cloud away. so what we, the details that we have with database t is going to allow us to defend much more about the physics, the actual physical mechanisms that are pushing the gas away and how the gas is behaving. gives us information about the medium that the gas is going into the,

into stella medium. what happens between stars? this gives us a glimpse that this and uh, you know, just to hear from someone else if we can kind of echoing some of those key points that you outlined. we have um, christine chand. and the astronomer at the space telescope science as institute, who really highlights for us what she believes. it's so groundbreaking about this moment. take a look. these 1st early release observations really give us a glimpse into how dubious t will transform our understanding of the universe. do is to, is designed to, to back to the edge of time to see that 1st galaxies for me. and indeed the mirror for a camera capturing bugs 1st deep field and just 12 and a half hours revealing a sky tv with distant galaxies. and each galaxy has been imaged in exquisite detail, reviewing galaxies with forms bright star clusters and shrouded in dust. and our

newly formed understanding goes beyond these beautiful images to include spectra that reveal precise distances to individual galaxies when used to take whole days. now takes 2 hours, 2 hours, and as a result, almost every observation will provide eclipse into the just a univers. so, you know, renee, when we say we are going to be exploring exit planet atmosphere as in more depth now as a result of this new telescope. what does, what does that mean? i mean some of our youtube, uh, commenters ghost in the blurs thing. this is unbelievable and exciting, but when will we prove other life besides us exist? that is the big question. we also have someone named osmond say, well the more the discovery is the more the on answered question. so do we anticipate that some of the discovery is being made already or that will be made will be surprises. and uh, do you, do you think there's some kind of really for sure and make us know that there's life out there as well? i, we can't know what our web will will detect life,

but what we can be absolutely sure that will make giant step how is answering that question. do you have to understand the, when, when we need to do so we're trying to detect a nasal that, that must be it. we're trying to detect the molecules that's in there. you know, if you're on on are these molecules like oxygen's and that those are, are made by life. and, but, you know, we, i don't really have done that yet on small time that we have to figure that must be as on gas. johnson is like the one we we, we saw the noise instrument take this beautiful spectrum. while you see these bumps on the wiggle, the, you have to get used to these things. going to see many of these spectra in the coming year. and so that's spectrum prove without any doubt that there's war and that much use. and you can also detect methane seo. and when you combine with other site, the other side sentiment, you get the whole sweets of capital to detect molecules. and that's actually key to one day. and so the question is there, you know, bias and nature is i know gas that are due to biological activities. you have to stand up how those view was in terms of color is what it means like this. you know,

how much is what really looking and now where is like, you cannot the right by my, my hand right? completely different. and so just like they did the field, we have a couple of the new perspective and with exclusive details, one big limitations about hubble is that it goes around, it's the earth, every 95 minutes and then 90 minutes. so when you try to measure a like trickle meetings upon it it's, it's always interrupted in this case with web we, we can continuously observe this objects without any interruptions, and that makes a big, big difference. and then renee, is there a spanking there? i was showing the audience just kind of the comparison of the korean and that'd be like for example, and some of those elements that you were describing. i do want to kind of, um, kind of ask or actually let me let eric baker. he sent us a question, but i'll put to you in a take a listen to what eric had say. given the james web space telescope only see certain colors that are on the spectrum of light marable,

the humans out of sight as go about color rising, the images that we could see online renee, uh, forgiveness. sorry jesse, thats sorry for the address. sure. okay. um, so what we have to do is we have to take the wavelength that james webb test by sales rep is looking at what is in the infrared heat. and we have to match those into optical wavelengths that we can see with our eyes. so we, we take that, that section of the wavelength that we can't see and we re map it in something we can see. so these beautiful images are not what you would see with your eye if you were out in space looking at these nebula, you wouldn't see that. but they are giving us this rich amount of detail about the different wavelength that these optics are a meeting at an end. so it's not that there was no and for read before it was, it's just that much more advanced. right. if you will, like the hubble, have this capacity to a certain extent. i mean, i, i'm reiterating, maybe i'm wrong. i think i'm wrong. tough. tell me to know practice, let me to. i just want to mention so the previous grade instead of

a tree that was an infrared telescope with speak to me also spits it was an estimation uh that operated from to 2003 to 2019. and it had in for red capabilities and was able to see glimpses of just again give us hints about what was there and, and, and so many interesting questions. but leave us wanting more and, and web is giving us more. i mean, you know, obviously we've been celebrating so far. i see that the are 2 other guests are in agreement with you nodding there, but i would be remiss to not ask you about some controversy. of course, there's always controversy. we have, for example, this uh, tweet thing, seeing the images from j w as t comes with the bitter sweet knowledge that the person at the observatory is named after would not have wanted me or the dozens of other queer astronomers i know involved in this incredible achievement, it deserves better using that hash tag, they are renamed j w. s t. a lot of people might say, well, who cares? why is this controversial, your thoughts on this, jesse? yes, so james webb was a nasa administrator during the apollo is and was very instrumental in having the

successful, successful appall emissions prior to his time at nasa. he was in leadership at the state department when the state department was going through this period of purging a. l g b t, people from the state department. this is in the early fifties. mm hm. and it's not clear that james web had any specific role in that, but he was in leadership in the state department at the time. and so then it comes into this, you know, what responsibility does he have to stop it? you know, was he a product of his time? was he following orders when it's very unclear the extent to which he was involved in this. so this just the messiness and at it's made people, it's always a shattered things a bit. it's made people uncomfortable because you don't want to think that this incredible new instrument that was built for everyone named off to someone who wasn't for everyone. i understand that. so that's a great way of putting it. let me you were going to say something. oh i want to add, i mean um, as we will the james web space telescope,

it's now being launched in error, which is where science is not a lot more open and now we are unavailable, accessible to people around the world in a way that may be the hubble space telescope are the previous missions of not have been, be now have the, the data that was released today is actually available for anyone around the world to download and analyze the software. so i'd be, are using, trying to license data is also more accessible. and i think of because of the world of post pandemic has also changed where we are now more able to, you know, to connect with each other or conduct meetings and the researches. oh, for on, but i think we are moving to an era where with the james river that we will see people from all over the world coming in into a and getting, you know, getting to do science with this wonderful telescope in a way that,

that has not have happened before, so i think there's, you know, there's a lot of things to look forward to knowing here most, most certainly, and among them, um, as much as i wanna look for it and we should and there is so much to look forward to. i want to ask you just for a little bit of context, renee, you know, how about versus web if you will. the last time that launched an observatory of such kind of important and significant, it was really deemed a disaster if i'm not mistaken. in 1990 some, you know, astronomers like sandra faber, other thing, it was an absolute kind of catastrophe. why is that? and i don't want to focus too much, but, but how would you compare this moment a? well, i a hubble. let the, the, what you're referring to is when how old was launched. he had some ice type problem and we had said that was an issue i, i mistake made. which of these things are not easy to do, right, of course. but of course we, we, we learned your from, from, but, but it was fixed,

you know, because the hubble was closed, is close to the day of the target. so we could send the shuttle and change the incident to correct inside. and then how long came back with his good eyesight then you know, a to a truly, we was live astronomy. now we learn from that and his folder, we were very careful. would you? that'd be a see to not we, we decided to stay can uh, you know, there's no problem with the, with, with the telescope. and as i said, it's a very complex machines, but it's deployment and it's the, and that's uh, commissioning when fairly smoothly. mm hm. and so, you know, we should, we should be about one point i want to mention is that what is very significant about his project gives that this is an international project. mm hm. and we live in, in troubled times with wars, ukraine. and here's where some of this project, where you many gets together with common goals about understanding the universe. and that was a good, quite and then in a treatment to, to, to do this. you know, that's a, the, canada and europe altogether to, to make it still so now for the well, no,

everyone can use the sales go most certainly, and i, i appreciate you making that point. i also, you know, this, looking at some of the numbers here. i mean, just to put this into context for us. uh, jesse uh, i might be wrong, but i think the universe is about 13000000000 years old and we've been around for what about a 1000000 years. again, my math is horrible, but the point being with all these trillions of galaxies and just seeing those images, how they compare, what, what can you share with us about how this gives us a new kind of macro sense of, of where we fit into the world and where to invest our resources in the future, a lot of people might say, why spend $10000000000.00 looking into outer space when we could be spending it here to fix our planet or yeah, these are really big important questions. and it's not a small amount of money, right? it's, it's a reasonable amount of money. so i would say it comes back to the fact that you referenced this at the start of the show. these are some of the humanities oldest

questions like where do we come from? are we alone and where are we going on? and the deeper we can look into the detail of the universe around us. as the closer we get to the answers to those questions. my can, i think a lot about what it would mean if we found lice on another planet. you know, how would that change society? would we all just get up in the morning and read the newspaper and the headlines would change the next day, or would it change something fundamental about how we treat the planet and how we treat each other and how we treat the universe? you know, there's a lot of talk about colonizing mas, for instance. uh and that's it. really interesting and problematic. like, are we allowed to just go and take over space and that didn't always end well on. so we have to think really carefully about what we're doing and things like digital as t give us the information to make more informed decisions, better decisions about what we're going to do as a cc. me while i was and he's

a side girl and please, rene to yeah, i just want to add that, you know, we, we often take for granted all we have around us. right. but we don't appreciate as all the innovations we have i'm it has an origin and in fact the a, when you go in details it goes back to yeah, i'm answering basic questions. for example, i'll give you an example. the camera that looks at me is a technology that was the devise in the mid seventies. not to do a camera to do tv shows. it was a do a quote, the hubble space telescope, due to understanding universe. and so it is a to, you know, and as a fundings, to develop that village. and now today's, this everywhere, then, just the tv, this is a medical imaging. so, you know, you should think astronomer is if we can use our intake itself. we this uh, you know, the, the, we are, i, i curious species and this is the trio, is that the, is the deepest root of innovation. so, fundamental science is fundamental to, to all we have around. uh, yeah,

i wrote that down. curiosity is the deepest root of innovation. i feel like somebody to put that on a teacher. let me, i know you want to jump and go ahead and just add to that. um the, the budget that's being invested in june. so that's over a period of, you know, 25 years and, but that's only a fraction of the cost that the nation is to have both built his toes go spend on military budget every year. i, i've seen a lot of debate about whether we should be spending more money, whether we should be investing this money in education or be, are doing this because we want to learn, right, the right universe. that's all coming back to that and that's, and that's a great point. i actually want to put another question to a lot of people on youtube asking about black holes. and i know there's, there's, you know, always a conversation about that online. we have already been resisting how far back in time can be loved with this telescope. i know, let me know. that's what you focus on. i do want to just pick you back. one more question in here that was sent to us from the denice laurence take

a listen and then we'll come to you, let me hello. so i'd like to know if you have the images of black holes. and if you can even see a black hole. so how far back can we look, and are we seeing black holes? well, we are trying to figure out how far can we live? we are trying to find, you know, the galaxies, the structures that have formed in those were 1st, a few 100000000 years of the universe for the 1st, maybe 400 me there. we ears, right after the universe. and um, i guess the answer is just wait for 2. we'll just have to wait to find out how far . that's a, that's a good look at the good answer. a quick quick poll across our panel before we go. so the telescope has, as we heard already detected water in the form that steam you spoke about, potentially nothing and other gas as being detected renee,

will we detect signs of alien life for lack of a better term in the universe within 10 years? that's what some nasa scientists are saying, jessie, your vote yes or no? i don't think so 10 years is to show it. give me 20 to 30 years and i'll say yes. all right, what do i you? renee? i was going for 2 decades. yeah, 1010 years is a bit short. is 10 years is a been so then allow me yeah, yeah, i would say along the same line. yeah. you know, renee and jesse say is to the go with that, but go ahead renee quickly so that you know, you have to your allies to decades. this is very short. it means that we are generation will see this groundbreaking discovery. and that's really destroying when thinking about it. so we've humanity as reach the technology to maturity, transfer that question and that, you know, we should appreciate that is really amazing. and you know, i'm not going to say that web is going to do that. and, but as i said, it's going to make join step to understand the habitable. do you agree, right?

i think in 5 you will say, okay, here's a planet we note as water in it and is i must spears and this other molecules. and it looks like this, this maybe habitable. well, that's the place to look at. and this will probably have all the emissions under big pills come on the ground to we look at the, the system. this is where we'll make a wheels and a major uh, discovery. and then just to clarify, uh, you know, we've discovered water and oxygen or am i, am i wrong about that, jesse? um, oxygen or 2, i'm not sure about molecular o 2. we have seen water, we have seen the thing. we have seen carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. all right . we've seen sodium. i don't know about oxygen or the x i. i don't know what the canals with we. okay. we haven't, we have that very. i don't know i'm, i'm pretending i know what concoction of things needs to be found to determine that there is life out there now. i'm joking, but certainly a topic that really opens and expands the mind even if it's hard to wrap your mind

around this discovery and all the discovery discoveries that lay ahead. thank you so much. jesse renee and i'm yeah, that's all the time we have here at the stream for today. thanks for watching and see you next on the, the the, it's one of the most recognized sites around the world. things for support for the

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