ition indicating that evolved a mess of sizes much earlier than previously taught. and this museum displays not only presents the content though, for the heavy assignment. yes, it's also res, liking the history of that class again. most. i'm a consumption of these on to see why this is all just 0. these are the top story. supporters of the crew, and these have taken to the streets and the countries national day, they're running against international pressure to reinstate the post president. the country is mocking 63 years as a gain, independence from funds their opposing moves by the west african regional law. echo was to try to put the president obama by zoom back into power. so i, you sound like you dealt with regards to equal boss and the west african economic and monetary union is with amazement that in these areas have learned of the legal, unjust, and inhumane sanctions imposed on them. but they are above all,

unprecedented, for the 1st time in the history of a community organization. the member countries decided to pronounce such severe sanctions against another member country these year without any consultation and without going through dialogue or intermediate measures. one of the officers behind the crews being meeting members of molly's military government and bama co to increase security cooperation between the neighbors. molly, i'm booking a fossil which of both led by military governments supports and it shows 2 leaders . i'll meet you as president donald trump's jew to appear in court in the coming hours charged with flossing, to overturn his defeat and the 2020 election already phases 2 sets of criminal charges. but this is the 1st relating to his time and office terms, calling for the case to be moved out of washington d. c, which he says is biased against them. and 11 on the findings flared up again between rival protest any infections and

a refugee camp. 3 people were injured overnight in and off highway. the various backbones have had an impact on tens of thousands of palestinians, as well as neighborhoods nearby. for active us from the environmental group, greenpeace who draped black flags over british prime minister originally select solomon yorkshire have been arrested, protesting against the expansion of oil and gas, turning in the north sea. on monday, the government said it had approved more than a 100 new drilling licenses. so i wasn't at home with the time. police and stuff could be i have a rest of the man accused of running down pedestrians and stopping people in the shopping center. they say they're treating the incident as a terrorist attack. it's happened and so now i'm sort of east of the capital. so at least 13 people have been injured. and those are the headlines now is always our website. obviously, the dog comes, get the latest on all our stories as well as pictures and background. stay tuned to all just either the stream is up next. on our lot

in won't be attending a summit in south africa with an international warrant out for the rest for suspected war. fine. can you travel anywhere? bowed. i'm told stories from across asia in the pacific one. 0 one east. it's crazy . d issues affecting the close the most populous region. the rates for the white house keeps up with donald trump take pump in the republican policies, 1st the rebates, or holds its own private people empower investigates. the top click impact on ukraine's fragile environment, and that's the temperature of solar and biodiversity plummets the global environmental facility to coordinate financing for international action. assembled in canada focused on l. g 0, the highest. i me ok today on the street and we all thinking about, we think,

how does that brain block and how can we make it? what and little bit back to you may already be doing some of the techniques we're going to be talking to you about. this is a picture back here, pretty much sums up the last week of me preparing for the show. i have not intending to do all the heavy lifting by myself. i am bringing on the guests and we can easily can meet them and they can tell you who they are and what they do. hello, i need jean at dominic. so good to have you on a introduce yourself to as stream audience, sir, i'm any murphy, paul, i'm a writer, a science writer who writes about learning and cognition. and on the opposite of a book called the extended mind the power of thinking outside the brain. and you in spite our entire conversation, thanks for that. hi, gina. great to have you on the stream. tell everybody who you are. i'm what you do . hello. nice to be here. thank you. my name is gina poll. i'm a narrow scientist at new c l. a. and i do research on the function of sleep for learning and memory a great to have you and dominate. welcome to the stream,

introduce yourself to our international viewers. my name is dominic banker. i'm a professor of psychology at lehigh university, which is in bethlehem, pennsylvania. and i'm an expert on group dynamics and how people's identities shape how they think feel in pain. so guess i'm gonna give you a couple of rapid 5 questions. it's really help me to pass for the show. i know you're going into the office like this. all right, dominate. what is the mind? the mind generally refers to the box. we have the motions, we feel the perceptions we have of the world. how we make sense of things as a key distinction to be made with the with regard to the mind such that some of those are things we're conscious of. so we are aware of our thoughts or feelings what we, what we believe about something. but a lot of the mind is also non conscious or very rapidly process conclusions we reach without necessarily having realized how exactly we reached it. so that stuff might, gina, what's the brain?

the brain is the organ by which the mind thinks and acts and interacts with the world. is the organs through which we sense everything and it is the organ through which we do everything. it is s our brain is our mind. ok, add a, the best metaphor that you have either created yourself or you've heard, or you've read about how our brain actually works as well. we tend to think of the brain is like a workforce that we just sort of keeps logging until it gets the job done. but i like to think of the brain as more like an orchestra conductor. that's at the heart of everything. it's bringing in resources from here and there and creating, you know, beautiful music. all right, so what i guess i knows i know this topic. what would you like to austin about? how do we get more out of outbreak? if you on youtube, you can be part of today's discussion and comment section is right that i'm expecting your pretty in questions. no pressure. the shows thoughts right now. i

mean, let's talk 1st of all about how you feel that most of us use that bring us science . why to so you, you write a lot about the way that we think the way that we use as thoughts, the way that we use our brains out of most of us can use as well. to go back to this question of metaphors. i think many of us think of our brains as like a computer that we just speed information into and then the, the output, you know, it is the result. or we think of it as like a muscle that it's something that we have to keep exercising to, to get stronger. but the reason the metaphor of the orchestra conductor is more helpful is that we actually don't sync with our brains alone. we think with our bodies, with the spaces in which we learn and work with them, the, our interactions with other people with our tools like our, our smartphones and other technological devices. so that really broadens the idea of what thinking is when we acknowledge that all these other resources are part of the thinking process. dominic i see and not in go ahead. i completely agree. i

think the idea that, and is exploring in your book, especially that so much of our thinking exist outside of the individual mind or the individual brain involves other people as well as technologies and devices. this is a super interesting one and research as is exploring how outsourcing, at least a lot of the thinking that we do affects the conclusions that people reach or the way in which their their minds were. so i'm just thinking, digging in my system, walk around, thinking about how we're thinking that it just happens unless, unless something happens and then we have an injury or we have something that's not quite firing, right? why did you think that is? it's almost like we take out blank. yeah. and if we do take our great brains for granted. and it's only when we do have a head injury or something happens to our physical brain, oregon that we realized so much of who we are so much of our personality and what

we know our memories, a consciousness really lies in this few pounds of flesh. but this brain is not disconnected from the world, at least most of the time. we have our sensors, but it's low end to our brain through our bodies. and that includes our sense of space and nature. i sense of others and our ability to connect and reach out to them. so i think it's a beautiful book and a murphy, paul, it's really well read a well written. it was a lot of fun to read. it was well researched and i take my head off to you. i enjoyed every minute of reading it and that's not usually the case when i'm reading things related to related to my field. i usually don't read books and so this one was really, really a delight. thank you. on a walk, nature writing extended mind the powers thinking outside the brain. what was the,

what was the inspiration? what? what did you think? like i need to write a book about how we need to think outside of the might outside of the by well, so i have 2 sons who are school age and i got very interested in how they learn in the science of learning. and in my research and reporting on the science of learning, i started to notice a bunch of different fields that were all looking at how these outside the brain resources. it's a factor into our thinking. and then i happen to come across a journal article by 2 philosophers that propose this idea of the extended mind, which is the idea that we don't just stick with our brains alone. we actually extend our thinking process. the c is out into the world with our bodies, with spaces, with other people. and that to me, tied together a lot of the research findings that i was finding so interesting. at part of your research, she discovered piece of running. oh, look at the go ahead, dana, go ahead. i just wanted to say i see annie, that you are talking with your hands,

which is pretty recommendations of your book. so yeah, i haven't started adopting that to even there were seated here. we're not taking a walk which would be even better. um, at least we are using our bodies. and what that does to our brain is it puts it in in mode where we can learn better. actually we can, we learn best through teaching. and then when we're teaching it for actors, we are learning even better. our brain is in this state called the state of state, which is about $5.00 to $10.00 waves per 2nd that occur in our hipaa campus, which is our rapid learning structure in our brain associated learning. so when we put things together and when we move, our hipaa campus goes into a theater state, which is really best for learning. so let me show here one of the people who inspired me to write a book. and this gentleman's called peter ryan, and he's

a neuro ethics professor for the university of british columbia. and he explains what gina was just explaining that how our brain can then use of the things to help us think back to operate back to pieces, patients and much better explanation that i have so serious. i mentioned the following scenario. a few weeks ago, you made an appointment to see the dentist, let's say for next tuesday and tuesday morning you wake up and you realize that out today's the day i can see that that is but you're not for, was it the appointment at 2 o'clock or 3 o'clock. well fortunately, you also noted this type of disappointment in a diary either a paper diary or in your phone for example. and you go and check that diary and you find out that the appointment is at 2 o'clock. what you've done is actually a very smart thing for several reasons. first of all, biological memory is unfortunately, so tori is li,

unreliable for details like this. on the other hand, the diary is a perfect source of storing and record recalling that kind of information. but more importantly, what you've done is you've offloaded the cognitive work of memory onto the diary rather than taxing your biological brain with that same task. and by doing so, we open up space for that biological brain to do what it does best make decisions of abstract starch, creativity, and that is the future. so our extensions cause the app already. so through the hands it's, i do orders as high as surroundings using the surroundings. like a diary peter was saying that it could be relationships. collaborations with people don't that. can you give us an example?

going to make everybody give us an example. so we can see this happening in daily life as like to stipulate, like, i'm going out of fashion and i'm going to die if i did something with my hands at somebody having to you for sure. well i'll, i'll continue with the technological example so, so the example of a smartphone, we know all carry them around and increasingly use the not just to make phone calls and also keep track of data, but for taking photographs. and the more we walk around the world and take photographs more, we are potentially outsourcing the memories of the things that we've seen and events we experience. and there's actually research now on the effects that can have on your memory for the band. say you're touring museum and use the art and as you walk around, instead of simply looking at the art, you take photographs of, of the art and especially your favorite pieces. how that affects your memory, then for that event. and what you find is that people are using a phone or a camera generally, to record the events. there is always out sourcing the memory and the experience of

the event and it changes the way they remember it changes the way they can later on . recollect what they saw and the reason it does so at least in part is because as you take those photos, you're paying attention to the situation in a different way. so by using that technology and outsourcing the memory, you're also potentially outsourcing a part of the experience. and by suspecting what, what it's like in the moment and, and then what do you experience later on? i have lots of you 2 questions for you. i guess i'm going to get you to austin pretty quickly if you can. i need some people are not getting quite what brain capacity means. is it possible to run out of brain space? well, you know, you brought on peter rider who just gave that that very interesting example a minute ago. and it was peter who introduced me to the idea that the biological brain is maybe running at full capacity at this point. meaning we are using every bit of our brain to deal with our really complicated modern world. and that's the

only way to transcend the limits of the biological brain which evolved to do, you know, very different things from what we ask you to do in our modern world of symbols and abstract ideas. the only way to transcend those limits is to bring in these external resort, says like the body like spaces, like other people just, i mean to, to offer an example of my own. there's an interesting phenomenon known as trends active memory. whereas where, which refers to the fact that in a group. so you can share memory in such that each individual has access to the memory of all the people in the group we, nobody can know everything, but everybody in a group can have their own specialty. and when you know what other people know you have asked to work as well, or yeah, and it's fascinating any how when you talk and recollect a and an event with your friends, they might have

a very different recollection of something than you do. and the active recollecting to gather hopes you bring up that memory, and then incorporate all of your friends recollections into your memory. and then when you re consolidate that memory, which occurs in while you sleep that next night, you re consolidate their memories in with your own. and hopefully as a group, you all will remember more accurately than any one memory. the name wants to know. gina, what causes forgetfulness, and how could he avoid it? yes, and this occurs if 1st of all you didn't have all the systems working in the 1st place when you were trying to remember, for example, or you weren't paying enough attention. so there are transmitter called acetylcholine in your brain and helps you remember things in the 1st place and a seat or cooling comes on line. when your brain is in that data state that i

talked about before and, and when we are actively attending to something, another thing that helps our best, remember, better in the 1st place is to tag a memory with another parent transmitter called north and aspirin. and that's something we're researching in my laboratory right now. what does nora afteren do to help us kind our memory so that we consolidate them? well, while we sleep and then don't forget them later. dustin, i have the answer to question. let me bring in chris. chris wanted to talk about how he changed the way he was thinking, doing the cause of pandemic. and i, and now i'm particularly doing locked down. i'm really intrigued. guessed by how he think our brains have changed. j knocked down and when we are, i said, he said, he's chris festival, like a ton of people around the world. when the pandemic did, i became cognitively overloaded with having to work full time from home and my son

having school from home as well. i had a lot going on just like everybody else, and i needed different ways to kind of get through my daily process. so i sort of doing different things that i'm still doing today. like going for walks every single morning while i work through different projects in my mind, or i'm listening to audio books or pod cast. and a lot of this was covered in and is great book the extended mind. i've also set up kind of like my home office area and collaborative work is also helped me out a lot just thinking a little bit more clearly. and even though we've been in this pandemic for a long, long time is gone a little bit easier. i cause it in our brains how we doing, what have you noticed? yeah, i think a lot of people can identify with, like christmas thing about feeling overloaded during the pandemic and having to

work, you know, from morning till night without a break, without a chat with colleagues or without a commute, you know, and i think that kind of puts the lie to the idea that the more we exercise our brains and where we use it, the stronger, i guess, i think a lot of us actually felt much less intelligent during the pandemic. and i would argue that another reason for that is that we were cut off for many of our usual mental extensive, you know, our colleagues, our classmates, and we weren't visiting new and stipulating places. we weren't maybe using our body so much because we were sitting in front of the screen for many hours a day. so i think that helps explain why a lot of people didn't feel like they were at their best, naturally during those and that yeah, i, this is definitely happening to me. i don't want to say that part of your book was about natural spaces and getting out of the into nature, which is what the last speaker just talked about. and i talked about that was really fascinating. one of the things that natural spaces that is the piece of the wind and the leaves and the sound of running water that helps the exhaust us. and

one of the reasons why i say that, is it anything that cons are green and that source of norepinephrine that have talked about before norepinephrine is a no test it or that a little bit. there was a long way, a little bit helps you learn really well that too much is what happens when you're stressed out. and when you're stressed out, you're norepinephrine system, it's too strong. and what nature does is it helps the stresses, it helps. it helps that source of nerve and ask him to calm down. so we can learn and maximally. i think the, the notion of the extended mind is also really useful. as we think about the pandemic for conceptualizing how it is, we collectively make sense and a brand new event like this, right? this is a challenge that most people have never experienced anything like before, and you can't figure it out on your own. you have to rely on other people. and you

know, for example, we've learned over time how to understand grass of disease spread, or the transmission of cobit in your, in your local area or hospital usage rates. all sorts of information that ordinary people, most of the time haven't been paying attention to. and now at the beginning it was overwhelming and over time it becomes less. so for a couple of reasons. one is that we actually do learn how to cope with new kinds of information, right? over time, we get better at it. the other thing is, as part of an extended community on mind, we get better presenting information to others. so policy makers and people that y'all are just and people in science, communication, and so on, as well as the news media are now much better at showing people the information in ways that are understandable and that they can use in their lives than they were at the beginning of them and that's a process was suspended. mind isn't just a tool we we, we have inevitably at our disposal. we have to build it and we can make it better.

i was like a multi and boulder. he's a philosopher, a science that can do university. i'm an and i'm, he really tackles this idea of how we really max out our brains right now. what is possible within our brains? and then of the back of that, i would like some practical solutions that or i guess can give us about how we work small to his mouth. many philosophers has argued that the human brain will never unravel certain mysteries about the universe just because of the way our brains evolved. just like the mind of a dog movement understands prime numbers, let's say the human mind is bound to have certain biological limits to. now this position sounds modest and humble, but the trouble is that it's always thinking of human intelligence in terms of a single isolated human brain. without the health of mind extensions, i've gotten the structures and collaboration, but this is exactly what makes human intelligence unique. human intelligence is

open ended. i'm probably unlimited, but that's, that's what i like to say. but my life proves otherwise. i, i, i want to talk to, to you about some professional things that people can do to really expect what the brains are capable of. for instance, i'm going to play a little video of what quin exercising in japan and tell us why this is important and what we should be doing. and i like to extend our break regarding exercise and move the working on the construction site to inspire. oh, very common wise, is it important? how does i explained that? right? yeah. this really lovely. that's a, a, a program of exercises that millions of people in japan do every morning and has

been doing for decades and there's a couple of things going on there. i mean, one thing they're outside talking about they're moving and dr. power told us how important that assist thinking. and 3rd of all, they're moving together. they're engaged in synchronize movement, which helps bring a group of people together and helps get them on the same page. it's like if you're moving as one, if your body's image, this one, it helps your brain kind of as act as one. that's why i'm going to keep them this cool thing going. thank you for the exercises for from the japanese construction workers. i would like to gina sing to the singing, dana, why are you singing to this? is kayla. i am getting in order to set up a favor and to tell people about opens activated problems as possible. things i will research is create the beat. okay. no tv oh, by the city will be shaping that looks,

drawing memories away. a to then a fission lee. yeah. i've seen it to shouldn't go to hell. tell me why that wasn't just the trip. i kept telling my sing my entire read search for each episode . of the stream, and then i'm going to be back to the hosting as always that you're doing and so your, your whole audience will be better um, duties are duties because they help people remember better that 44 beat is in the say to stream our frequency and a song just helps us, especially if we thing it together. when i'm giving lectures, i often have my ideas, sing that song after they hear about. now when it ends, you'll climb, they all say it together and staff their fingers right? their hands. and it's like so many times going to give you a real big picture right here is an office that i know pretty well. how do you make this office environments? i mean, make it a better office environment sustained king performing well. because right back here,

this is my desk. i working at the grayness, it's a very tragic office. dominic, what we, we need to do to extend this thinking that was going on in this office. of the great question. it is a tragic office. i'm sorry, you know, but anyway, um, i would say the most important thing in the office is the people, and i would worry less about the space. so the fact that i know people in the office, well, whether they're in the office or not. um, you can, you know, put some paint on the walls, but i think it's the relationship between the people and their sense, particular of the common unit as working together toward that sort of common mission instead of goals. we know to be crucial for both people be excited about the work, but also be productive and cooperative. and so building a collective and common identity regardless of the space around you would be my primary recommendation. all right, this has been such

a fascinating conversation. we've only scraped the surface, that's so much more that you can find out say what everything absolutely not. gina, gina was sent to us and we'll do that right at the end of the show. i have the most my i want to just turn on the show or do you think it was going to be open as well? now, is there any 2nd now? ok, look at my laptops, extended mind name of the pool. you can find more about the book, you can either book, go to adding murphy pulls to, to cite dominick, the power boss. he has a book as well as the fall, a gina, just because she's amazing and she may, will seeing you at the say, thanks for watching everybody. i'll see you next time. take care the these people have nowhere to go to work for, start up their neighborhoods because of the fighting going on between rival gang, what he's offering nothing further about the special forces squared before the special forces. this area used to be filled with people,

but as you can see right now, it looks like a war zone. this is the largest hospital in haiti and it has been barely working for the past 5 months. so give me sorry sir. i left the barbecue has created what is known as the g 9. it's a federation. so john is and it's one of the most powerful here. this road connects the communal set to be with an other area that is not far away and were told that it was being used by gang. some people that had been kidnapped the we understand the differences and similarities of cultures across the world. so no

matter what i'll do to bring you the news. i'm calling to fast the matter to you. how does era, the the hello, i'm about this and this has been use our life from don't tell me up in the next 60 minutes as the pressure bills to reinstate these as president, supporters of to turn out in the i'm a farmer, us present donald trump said to face charges in federal court for attempts to overturn the results of the 2020 election planning onto the roof of the british

prime ministers comb greenpeace protests against increased oil and gas exploration . is it all the seats bigger than the blue wire line, heavier than.