the 3 different nations old, facing, the challenge of driving on nicaragua was on the page, was at the mercy event on predictable tropical weather risk. getting you to come back to us on that. and i'll just say around the high hopes in columbia as a 6 month see side with rebels begins. 11 is the last remaining on proof operating the the willingness fee of hold as others have failed. this is inside story, the gloves, the whole robin welcome to inside story. it's described as a monumental political achievement for you as a ceasefire. deal between the government in columbia and the last remaining rebel

group that has failed to stake. that smell changed following low running negotiations, the government's agreement is with the national liberation army known as the e l. n. present, gustavo patrick says it's part of his promise towards what he calls total peace. but critics, all skeptical and mutual mistrust remains. so will association of affility is this time eventually lead to a peace deal? and what does it means that communities and area is controlled by the rebels? we'll discuss all of those issues with august sent amendment. the 1st this report now from katia lopez hold. i am the president gustavo will begin his term with a promise to end ongoing battles with, onto pts and columbia. it appears he's delivering on that promise with the signing of a ceasefire deal with the e. l and rebels. also known as the national liberation army. a saturday i leave that a lot faster. pace needs to be a reality. we need to in the error of war between the insurgencies and the state.

stop the developments of an incoming food for violent already presents a rising from illegal economies. and um the groups multiplying every we're if the 6 month see saw your holes, it will be the 1st major victory for both of those piece plans. but his critics are skeptical. they do 75 to i'm set for my country. that is not the way to move columbia forward. we full lives. we have ancestors who should blog, full freedom enough for these groups to receive blessings from. lift us up the hill for decades, the e ellen has been linked to criminal activity. the government says the group finances itself through cocaine trafficking, illegal mining and ransoms from kidnappings. communities an e. l and controlled area say they need and deserve assurances. a

recall on the government to dismantle these per a military groups and columbia by implementing whatever steps are necessary. federal is columbia is 1st left when president, before returning to politics, he joined the em 19 armed group to come that suspected fraud and presidential elections. and that some say gave him more credibility in the latest round of negotiations with the e l and how they most click of advice. we know that all of columbia has great expectations and become a great willingness to comply with the agreed agenda. colombia has long battled with our in groups, particularly the fark, the revolutionary armed forces of columbia. the peace deal in 2016 ended in more than 50 years of civil war, which killed close to a quarter of a 1000000 people. scores remain, particularly would continue to file and send rule areas and reports of other armed groups moving into territory for fighters left behind. president federal says

the ceasefire is a significant step for columbia effective communities. agree, let's say the real test is whether it will lead to a permanent piece agreement. katia, look, this is lillian for insights story. so let's spring and olga, cindy colombia, the capital bogota is jorge of us tobacco director of the conflict analysis results center. that's a non governmental organization which studies on groups in denver in the us states of colorado is elizabeth dickson, suddenly senior list for the columbia, the international crisis, group po, it focuses on the dynamics of conflict and also in bogota is laudable, new deputy director of the peace and reconciliation foundation of will welcome to inside story. hey, can i just come to you 1st with office question? because it doesn't matter where we are old and we people around the world. he is at

an armed group and the government have decided to talk to each other. they've laid down their arms. piece talks are ongoing, possibly a lasting peace, breathing a sigh of relief. no more civilians getting killed the innocence being kidnapped. come we breathe a sigh of relief here. now with disagreement between the colombian government and the e l n. yes indeed, i thank you very much for having us. ah, yes indeed. jesus sidled really easy. it will be a time for our respite, nevertheless, is more like a truce, rather than a designate and permanent ceasefire in the center that he will allow the government on the land. these are really a group to conduct to negotiations. a girl by the way, that has increase over the last 7 months, significantly it's violent deductions. i know the highest reviews also significantly and the level of the keys not being interpreted structures distinct

from dr. very many souls of violence that affects these for um, a rather large regions of the country. elizabeth, can i ask you the same question? yes. will there be, i mean, i think building on what ford has said, this is an enormous wind for the government. and i think what the see as far as more meant to do more than anything, it's create that space where negotiators can really start to discuss what, what it would look like to come to some sort of agreement. i do think that we have to be very clear about what to see for our isn't it isn't this, these fire is specifically related to classes between the you and arms group and government forces and the vast majority that of violence that civilians in elan areas experienced today is not related to that specific type of violence, it's much more closely related to the one fighting other arms groups. 2 methods of social control, forced recruitment. extortion cannot be things that aren't necessarily and under

the purview of this, these fires. so i think it's a very important 1st step, our message to the government and the shooters is, but it is a 1st up. the most important thing is to work towards bringing real relief to the civilians for a living and every day conflict and will and picks up i think question by question as, as we go through the next top out loud and clear, bring you in again from buckets how i could help you with this on the program because you've had that sort of 1st, but certainly the past history tells us that really since 1964, the land around they've been in existence, a total of 7 major negotiation periods have occurred historically they've all failed and it's not a great track record. is it either for them or for government? so from where you're sitting laura in bogota, what do you want to see happen? so it's in the, in the next few weeks as well. and that is right. they, elan, a had their password or approximately 7 or a piece processes or

a big dialogue with different governments. and all the cases for the government or the land, a committee to sabotage against the peace process. but the point is that right now at these specific, if this process is more than or have more than bonds, bushes done before. first of all, this is the 1st government that re dab air. they, the stresses with elaine will have probably very broad participation from all the sites of society, which is really key for the land. these. at the same time they land seen more connections or more possibilities to ship a sort of thing. so, so you have the changes, especially during, throughout the area that is the good side in there. not so good side. and it is true that these 2 sub birdie for ideals process due to several things. the

1st said, due to the, on the soul, you know, and off the land, especially of the leaders of the land on 2nd. because the land use a very at the centralized that are much groups. so it is possible that if the land has turned on and struggles, that is, travelers will reflect in the you know, yeah. physically on the well, no. yeah, yeah, we'll get into the the, the high rock is a little bit lighter as well. who do i can make this come back to you in terms of the immediate here. now, what positives put positive moves would you like to see by either side in the next 180 days? well, they, they, the government on the land also agreed to, apart from an agenda to conduct what they call a warranty sequence. part the suspension process for the cd and society park. the guarantee that we charging the origins where the young man has prices to

obtain some sort. so i'm on eastern or the jammed up, which is defined by the community. that is what is going to be going on for the next few months. but i, i want, i want to go back to the point that it least was mentioned, which i think it is critical for the success of the space negotiation, which is a part of the big island in every area where each oprah rates in columbia is facing and finally, a dispute sweep all the groups, most of them are bringing the arm groups in move from having a war against the state. bravo, a war against storm warning. lucio horse against several arm groups and the security that far out does need to address those conflicts. between the elaine and dollars groups, and that is a rather difficult object to, to find the find success by the national govern. elizabeth all i bring you in here

because, you know, the agreement doesn't really stop the line as you suggested. and those, all of our guests have said, you know that the toner or the tech arrives ational the tara that is created by the groups, whether it be a tax on the public kidnappings. i mean, there's been no mention of this and it's true. so that may still carry on, but it is interesting to one to how the president and the negotiating teams are going to tackle that, you know, no more terrorism, no more kid. nothing's doing more extortion. who's particularly complicated because i think it's really important to understand what life is like in the land areas when we visit communities. for example, in a region like alca, which is a place where the event is quite consolidated. and then he lives really revolves around the control that this group exercises. so even simple things. for example, if i have a dispute with my neighbor over where my land ends and his land begins, i don't go to the police or the additional system to adjudicate that dispute. i'm

going to the last, the latter are laying down justice. they're setting the rules of so sort of commerce and the levels of extortion have increased dramatically. i think part of the plumping down that we've witnessed in elaine areas is precisely related to the threat that they have faced from other i'm groups. and again, i think this is a very important point of the ceasefire. disease far at this point offers the elan a tactical advantage in this sense, but it does for you there had to not worry so much about the military. i'm focused on the trust that they're facing from other i'm groups. we think there is a risk here that despite the fact that we see lower classes between the land and state forces, we could see an increase or, and keeping up of the conflicts between the atlanta other arms groups and their areas. okay, so let me bring you in here because one does. one says, oh, it's now both sides to the negotiating table. easy. it's a case that both sides realize they call when the battle against one all the other

. and that they do have to talk to each other. there is an incentive piece there. all the benefits to putting your arms down. well, if i understand the well, the questions, i want to say that there is 2 tables, 2 different tables in columbia. so we are at the same time negotiating with 2 different groups. one of them is the ellen and the 2nd one is the see them to group call me from for my part of the we, i'm back to process are quite connected. so if one process, if they cease fire with the eel lynn will be, you know, well, the 2nd says fire also will be good. if not, well, we will have a, the situation that the lease of it will describe. we will see an increase of violence by the other hand, we also can see a decrease of violence because at, in the states fire with the land in the brought the costs into specific protocols.

there is a glow that their accomplishment of international ariah fuel my right. so it's not only that the la willis at the, at that's against the state of the same time. in the 2nd, the stable, they are also level sharing think it a ceasefire with the same conditions. and finally in all the regions, but it's not the majority tare and present of the land. they were screaming no guns and different kind of groups. i mean, that's part of the country, of course the government and the security for just sure would be more, but i sent in the field in order to protect the fee fire. but also in order to recover that control of the territory, which right now is not in the hands of the state. okay? who do i, you know, doing an agreement that you wanted to come in the the find that's the own. we cannot be in this, in liberty, these way that the,

the peace process with the alarm that has been successfully move on to snow by these over meant how it is very different from the one that we manage to get a piece agreement with the far on in one particular subject, which is the, the fact that the fark decided to abandon kidnapping to release kids with these that were in their aunt's well before they started. so then it will change. in these cases, the land has not made any triangles only to color butler corporation that they will start with, keep nothing. then one of the main risks that the space process will face will be the capacity of the i'm going to control it's groups. in the case, for example, that they decide to keep now, so to run some in the regions work, but they both are rich and well setting these process to a critical situation, especially because these process doesn't have the highest award lead,

you call them following, supported by the cities and re in columbia, dot com, the older previous piece processes. and i'm worried about that. yeah. defined that the land. how does the site and the what to what runs on those treasures for a lot of things, including terrorism and keeps happy. it's right. i worry so never been as the brother dude said that they have the engine not call me by lecturing some beat the national mind. these are a lot. yeah. including of course do not being and for example, the recruitment of minors. okay. but certainly, elizabeth is agreeing with you. i want to come back to to you again in the basement you or jorge. because elizabeth, what's different about this piece agreement to an inquiry. so just thought you touched on it about how the fault corrected to one thing. piece to how the land is now talking piece. there was there is there also very specific differences all the way that they all in communication with the government. i would think the 1st one

and the most important perhaps is the un watched the far positions and i think took many lessons from that that are now coloring the current process. and i think probably the one that would be the most definitive is that the even consider is that the heart gave up far too much and receive far too little. and that has affected most directly, the question of disarmament, which will inevitably be very difficult to negotiate. and the human, at least at this point, talks about a gradual disarmament process rather than giving up their weapons all at once as the far did. and, but rather sort of handing in their weapons at the, at the speed with which the government also complies with it's, it's part of the park. and now this test advantages and disadvantages. and of course has been done in many different people to the ireland for example, the laying down of arms was gradual. and, and i think that this is something that's going to be a very major point of attention more than anything else with public opinion.

because of the precedent that was set with the fact that there was an immediate happening over weapons. i think that's the expectation of the columbia in public for future process these. but it's going to be very difficult for this government. and to make that argument with the human and, and you know, why have they taken but less? and then i think this is a more broadly, something that needs to be considered in these processes. it's because of the implementation of a 2016 agreement with the far has been very slow. it's been the high schedule. there are many aspects that have fallen short. and that is a concern. it raises questions about the credibility of the governments and make commitments just as it raises questions about the ability to use different art groups to make them in. yes, indeed, i mean is that you braces a huge questions. uh, can i ask laura and buckets all? yeah, the raises question, so the government but also raises questions to the public, doesn't it in, from your opinion, from where you're sitting in columbia or how the public reacting to this as well, is divided to know the public in columbia. i suppose generally is divided like with

the peace of raymond, late regarding the peace agreement with fark. it goes on that time. remember that we both gauged at the speech process. we fired. so the public opinion, what's not to tell you a week would that piece process need basically the same bring now, so this whole side of the, the columbia society is divided the columbia society splitter rice. and, and of course, that will affect the possibilities of peace. but i also want to say to know, eh, and to support elizabeth on these at the implementation of the piece of we met with far has to be that told her the sus, they're just because one point right now we have more than 300 people co signed the lease agreement, you know, from far side and they are now they have be larger right now. and this is the 1st that create, i don't draw sold environment with airlines. so of course it's really difficult to

recover that there are small on government side and they all do know other aspects of the peace agreement also come of various low implementation. and that has been distribution historically which piece agreements in columbia. so we fund piece of room is we are quite gold and we've been when we say shouldn't be sermon. i'm going to gratian of x. com, but that's, but we are quite bunch guaranteeing the life of the people who are certainly the piece agreements. and also we are quite but guaranteed the implementation of what we are signing and assess the site for a whole day. i know you said nothing, disagreeing, but i do want to move this on a little bit because it, i'm sure it's good. you're going to add it into this a conversation because the difference between now and then is that you have a left his present that you have a right wing government in the right wing president before but to add to this and just for all view as you know we want to again show them the presence of the land in columbia would bring you at the map full them. and the one thing about the language is different to soc is that each area that they control is controlled

independently. this is not a pyramid structure with one leader at the top, which hence makes negotiation even more difficult, doesn't fit. it was the over the last 2 years, i have to say the un has minus to gain control and come on the at to, to and it's from given one mine or front end a departmental trickle. it's already under control of the center and come on the cost of the land that i've seen. that won't be the main difference. i won't be the main difference of the land. don't have that national breach that logistics, national logic logistics structure. and of course, he saw some very minor size compared to what it was the park by then, which was a finding a really good use the stage, the. and then on the other hand, these more writing code and close to find that uses them. i will say then, although there are very large differences,

i would say that most of those be friends come from the political size or the political destination all the way i can relate, which is rather not so stick to ideology to that person's defendant. a structure that has the far, okay, i'm on if you allow me to go back to the, to the previous points. but what i just wanted to say is that at the end he's built, there is nothing on most on most important problem for the national and all the d here in columbia. it does all their proteins, including, for example, they call him by days kind of find the broad, this wind governmental who stop it for to the price you see on the diving, enjoyed saw. indeed, let's, let's bring it, elizabeth here because the interesting thing is that you have various presidents, pastrana rebates, sent us do k, and now petro hunter has the advantage. he has been a, a,

a man who picked up items and fault. he has a way, an understanding of talking to, um, to groups. is that an advantage at this moment in time? i really think that's what the government came into office expecting, and i think unfortunately, it's proven more difficult than they haven't disappeared. it. you know, i think it, those confer advantages in the sense that there is a level of understanding and also trust between negotiating teams that he's quite unique at the same time i, i fear that the lynn has a longer agenda with someone that they believe is, is more sympathetic to their causes. if you're negotiating with a hard liner, you're really going to pick what your, what, what points you're going to push for where your read lines are and what you really want. but the fact that this government is sympathetic in defense, it just, you know, in the sense that there is an interaction in a truck that's been built. i think it, it, it does extend the agenda. and i think in some ways it makes it more complicated.

it also, frankly, makes it harder to sell to that right wing part of the colombian public, the skeptical part of the columbia public who fears that a piece deal between this government and the human will basically be handling the keys of the kingdom over to the disk or the organization, of course that's not the case. it's never been the case and i think the government is negotiating position has been very firm in this regard. but public perception does have its own life on its own sometimes. okay, as long as i bring it in here, we can some buckets on it because obviously, you know, we've been talking 11 government, but there were a lot more actors involved here. you've got the cuban government to being sort of negotiating and helping to nurture the tools interested policies like venezuela or on one side of the united states. so the rules that a lot of people who will, will benefit from these 2 sites talking the definition. there is a lot of people, the benefits of 5 people talking over the peace process. but there is

also some more people that get the benefit either, you know, if the peace process or we also see a regarding the united states. i think that this government has a very good approach to the process and also, and even to the public foley c, a followed by the drugs and there were against drops a federal government. so i think that the federal, you know, how to put the management of the relationship with the united states and also a, he opened the bars that we've been a shorter we shift to is the, for me, the most important challenge right now in the process with the elaine is what to do with it. yearly with thing, venezuela. no evenness. why not? because the presence of these are missing a globe display big on the concrete. and i thing doesn't know at the know the columbia in governmental defendants where that's government help affect the level of the challenge here. but it's great. so go jorge know to get ahead and

disagreements and elizabeth, nothing in agreement. so just very quickly, i'd like to ask about your comments to what laura has just said. elizabeth does have usa as why we, you know, thinks a link this is an enormous challenge. and because this is a by national gorilla movement with perfect business on both sides of the border and there are real questions about whether a i think the, how you will deal with the lead fighters who happens to be on the other side of that border. i'm but i wanted to make 2 really important points in that regard. the 1st one is that we've had because of the opening of relations with venezuela. something very important has happened at a low tech, a logistical and tactical level on the ground for the 1st time in more than 40 years. military commanders on the columbia side canal share information with their venezuelan counterparts and vice versa. she is very important because the really move is not just the land or so far. the dissidents of their criminal organizations are constantly moving back and forth. the fact that we can now share information de escalate the situation significantly. and that is a step forward in,

in how we deal with the complications of this other situation. okay, with that, sadly, we have to leave the conversation. it's a very interesting point. i'm sure we'll be coming back to it in 180 days where we have some sort of resolution to what's gonna happen or how it's going to move forward to my guess. in bogota, hate a special on the peninsula. and in denver, colorado elizabeth dickens, and thank you for joining me on this edition of inside story. and thank you for watching as well. you can see the program again, any time by visiting our website at aus. is there a dot com, the discussion go to a facebook page that's facebook dot com, forward slash a inside story. it goes to join the conversation on twitter handle. there is a inside story from excel around the whole team here. thanks for your time and your company the

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