6, the 3 guys released records in the 1970s that the poorly in america spots. you have a cult following in south africa and australia, rodriguez's story was later told me in an oscar winning documentary called searching for sugar man. film success. healthy seems to summarize, it revived his career and the us much breakdown. the total picture of a headlines here, this fast moving wildfires of killed at least 6 people on the hawaiian island of maui, speed and for us to have the fires for some people to jump into the sea to escape. yes, president jeff vitamins has he sending help to the state? firestone

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korea early thursday. dozens of flights and ferry services have been grounded. the peninsula is bracing for strong winds and heavy rain as the weather system heads north. the president's coal for officials to be on high alert of the flooding of the country killed $47.00 people last month. 2 people have been killed and 11 on off the fighting broke out and the question village of college. a gun battle took place when a truck belonging to the group has block over, turned both sides and the 2 is each other starting the confrontation and residents approach. the vehicle is ready for us as of right, the palestinian refugee comp and the occupied westbank. gun file was exchange and the academic job a comp south of jericho, 3 palestinians were arrested. his ready forces had been seen sending reinforcements to the area. so those were the headlights and use continues here and i'll just say era, often, stream station, thanks so much and bye for now. a week to look at the world's top disney stories

from global markets to economies and a small business sales force and including security around the world. if there's something that the international community your view should be doing to understand how it affects counting the cost on o g, a 0. who? the boy you're listening to our pressure waves from a galaxy cluster known as perseus about 240000000 light years away from earth. mass us black hole, re max, recently went viral online and it's fueling more and more interest in black hole science. as well as it's mysteries. i am not too much haven't been, i can imagine like me, you have a lot of questions. so jump into today's youtube chat and you can be part of this discussion.

a black hole is believed to be the most extreme environment in the universe in the area and space where the force of gravity is so intense, not even light, can escape, but how much to scientists really know about black holes and what their actual purposes? well, joining us today in connecticut preowned by the another, i was on a professor of astronomy and physics at yale university. and one of the principal investigators with harvard university black hole initiative in the us state of rhode island. kimberly are, can a day to visualize or in science communicate or for nasa is chandra x ray observatory and in new york state j hon parts out to pay and ask you a physicist at the rochester institute of technology where she studies the evolution and formation of galaxies, thank you so much for being with us beyond feeling very accomplished after all those introductions. now i'm joking so many interesting burning questions here, really, but let's start with the most fundamental. kimberly, what is

a black hole to? well, i think a black hole is a really cool thing. it is a really interesting thing of the thing of mystery. but in essence, i like to think of them as a dense compact object has gravitational pull is so strong that within a certain distance of it, nothing, not even late, can escape. and many of the black holes that we sort of know and love, i guess, our thought to be the result from the collapse of a very, very, very massive star as it sort of gets towards the end of it. stellar evolution that's, that's a simple uh, explanation that i can understand. i want to ask you though, a pre, a, you know, when we talk about black holes, there's a lot of misconceptions. there's a lot of maybe confusion of when it exactly is so they certainly seem to help us understand how our galaxy kind of was shaped and formed. but what fascinates you most about it as well, i guess, as of kim just mentioned, right. so you can think of the black hole has placed the xtreme gravity from which

nothing can escape. and there is this vision sort of like a sacred boundary if you were going to do that for eyes. so once you cross, the eventual rice is nothing, no matter what even lights can escape. so what happens inside a mentor rising is something that we don't quite understand the starting to understand it and figure it out. but we know that the black hole actually in cases point that we call the singularity. this is where. 2 our knowledge of physics breaks down, and so for me, the fascination with black holes is that they be present the ash sort of the limits of knowledge, right. and so trying to understand like you're literally pushing yeah. not our minds as much as we possibly can. well, i mean, that's certainly fascinating to me. i mean, my dad's a physicist, he spent much of his life trying to explain some of this stuff to me. i don't know

that i got it but, but that's certainly it makes sense to me. i mean, so when you say singularity, that's the center of the black hole. this is where we don't have sort of the physics knowledge to really understand what's going on. is that correct? that's right, that's right. so our understanding our laws, right? nature has all these laws, these symmetries and i briefly kind of breaks down when we approach the singularity . interesting, fascinating day hon. when, when we talk about sort of galaxies and how they've evolved, i know a lot of your research focuses on this. we have people in our live youtube, chad right now. actually asking some pretty pointed questions i want to share with you. one of them says the black calls lead to higher dimensions, and maybe the most interesting one to me from solid cancer says can you have 2 or 3 black holes that have joined together or merged? so that's a great question. um, so my research focus is on galaxies themselves, and how they form and evolve over time. but i'm especially interested in what

happens when 2 galaxies merged together. and we think that all galaxies have these super massive black holes in their centers, the windows galaxies, merge, and become one. those black holes should also merge and become one. and just recently we got evidence of this process through the gravitational wave detections by lego, which actually observed what happened as a result of this merger and the gravitational waves that are emitted that we can detect all the way here at our and i, i see that that visual, that we're sharing with our audience. um i just, it's like i see these things and it's fascinates me, but i, i fear that i don't understand just how fast in any of those but, but we have this headline as well. um, i wanna share with you today. hi. and it says a pair of super massive black calls could be faded to collide within 3 years. uh, certainly sounds like something we should be anticipating is. is this doom and gloom? what does that mean? it's definitely not doing good for,

from our perspective, you know, we will see too much different. we, if we're lucky enough, we'll be able to detect gravitational waves from this merger and be able to study a little bit about the last moments before the merger actually happens. which would be really useful for physics, but otherwise not too much changes from our point of view of it, certainly not doing good. and, and, you know, we've, we've seen the images, we heard that sound at the top of the show. okay. kimberly, i know you're working to kind of figure out in a sense, to put it in layman's terms. if we can, you know, make an image of the black hole and also with the sound. can you share it with us? the sound kind of what it is, what it means we were joking for we want to live to me. it sounds like, you know, stranger things. it was, it certainly sounds a bit ominous but, but how are we experiencing the data that we're collecting to yeah, i'm a, i'm a stranger fan, stranger things man as well. so i think i really love that analogy about the sound, and i've heard other people talk about how it sounds to them,

like for us on track or just sounds like something from one zimmer. is this idea the certification is, is pretty cool because it actually took an archive or result from 2003 from andy fabian at all and, and not result. they had made this discovery that this massive black hole was just belching out into the surrounding environments. and those belt is, are sort of causing these pressure waves or piece down waves in the hot gas. and so those sound waves we could actually translates into a tone which was the flaps of about $57.00 officers below middle see so way, way below human hearing like hundreds and hundreds of piano keys below human hearing. and i think this idea that we could then take that today and sign it by it . so take that note that we know it's sending out into the university to turn it into sound that humans can hear was really exciting. because to me, it's a way to not only learn things about them, but also help communicate them to people. for example,

who can't see someone who is blind or low vision. yeah, and that was part of, i mean that's, that's, that's definitely fascinating. i think, you know, we want this to show it to be as accessible as possible, and part of that means kind of breaking things down. we hear these terms like not even light can escape from a black hole. and we're going to dissect that further. but for now, i want to share some comments that are coming through on youtube. we have enough to and asking what is the nearest black hole to our solar system. and is it possible for them to collide with us in the future? and who wants to take that pre up? sure. the news, super massive black goes right. all 3 of us are interested in these sort of over ways because of the little black hole that the light collaboration cock colliding right? is the one of the center of our own galaxy and it's 4000000 times the mass of the sun. um and i mean i think the rest, the question was, was the youngest one and mind they collide with us in the future? it's that age old question. and never, yeah, i think we are say we have,

we have quite say, i think of the, one of the center of our galaxy is actually sitting very quietly. it's sitting on a very tiny trickle. and it's largely dead for most purposes. but you know, it's fascinating, one for us. that's why you're showing the up close image from the event horizon, telescope collaboration, which is as close as we will ever get to a black. oh, interesting. well, i mean, you know, a lot of these questions i have to share them with you on youtube. are kind of better than my questions or, or at least they're the exact same as my question. so here we go. buzz, buzz video thing. how can we learn about black holes if they trap light and can actually be seen now i see that you're nodding day. i'm so so i'm going to ask, i mean, you know, we hear this, this phrase, not even like an escape. what is that really mean? and yeah, a, yeah i'm, i'm not in because that's a question. i've heard

a lot actually we're trying to study something that we can't see. we're trying to understand the absence of light. and that's a kind of complicated concept, right. the video you showed earlier, you saw the sort of black spears in the middle that are representing the black hole . so right, we can't see into those black spears. but what we can see is what's happening around them, how those masses are affecting their surroundings. so they're still interacting with things gravitationally, so we can measure things nearby them and see how their movement is affected by the presence of something really massive. we can see how their mass is distort, liked me. we saw that in that video that you showed. and we can learn all about their surrounding environments just based on the material that nearby, right? if there's gas that surrounding them and that gas moves very rapidly, it gets very hot and we're able to detect it through x rays in other other parts of the spectrum. so we can still learn quite a lot about black holes and the effect on their environment just by observing

what's near then. interesting, i mean you have to jump through your head kimberly and then look up. now. kimberly go ahead. all right, so i love the idea that we're, we're looking at this data now and we're talking about data that is essentially invisible, right? all of this material that, that we've been talking about this on vacation, not that image, even from the vin horizon telescope. these are in different kinds of light that human eyes can proceed. we can't see it extra late. we can't see in radio light. um, so it's really important to consider like all of these things that are happening out there in the universe. so much of it, we can't see and we need different telescopes, like the chatter extra observatory, like the event horizon telescope, didn't order for us to be able to learn more about them. i like to think of like the chantix observatory is like a black hole hunter. it's found black holes near far, small, big, even medium sized ones. kind of like a goldilocks thing. i guess. there's just, there's so much to learn for these, these little special laboratories that are out there in the universe just just waiting to be studied. i'm

a pre advocate and you were getting the 1st time you were gonna yeah, the one i'm on. so often ask this question, what does it mean that even like on a scale, right? yeah. so what analogy that we've all seen right from cape canaveral, you have to boost rockets out so that they escape the driver cation of drip of the or. so we have to get the rocker to boosted up data 11 kilometers per 2nd, and then to free itself, all the gravity doesn't fall back. right? so that stage. so could you just imagine that that's the gravity of the earth. so that's what it's doable. the gravity into strategy able blackwood is such that that escape speed, that the rocket speed that you need to do has to be the speed of light. so that would mean what you but you know, uh, lights cannot escape of like, oh, interesting. yeah i how do we coming back? most of this question is pointed out. we see we map these invisible entities and

directly in the case of a black hole. so it is feeding on gas, so got to be pulled in again by the gravity of the black hole. the gas to the gas, as it stays pulled, it gets, it starts to grow and that's what we're seeing in the x rays. so we don't see the whole receive this stuff. that is all good to being so, you know, swarming by the whole swap. yeah, i love this, this term, these terms and terminology swallowed by the whole and it's, it creates such a mystery. i love it. i mean, it's the end of its self, right? so engaging. i do want to ask you about these images. um, how did the event horizon telescope create the image, this image of the black hole that's at the center of our galaxy? take a look. we have these are, these are 2 different images, right? comparing helped me understand what this is for our audience. comparing the size of 2 black holes, but maybe 7 and subject areas a what is significant about this that can be understood by someone,

a simpleton like me for you. so yeah, so what we're seeing is we have zoomed in to a region that is right around because event for either of the black or limiting the reason why not even like an escape. we're a little bit outside it here, but we zoomed are right in the to the height of a black hole, if you will. okay. i've got 2 levels. the one that is essentially a star is 4000000 times the mass of this on the one in m, 8786 b times the amount of money on that, right. okay. and the eventual right, there's a telescope, a project managed to zoom right. it is a leverage many radio dishes. yeah. that's around the earth. to mimic and make me a tire size of the or be like one radio dish. yeah. so that's the biggest go me. it's crazy to me. i mean, when are you talking these numbers, these figures?

i don't really, it's hard to wrap my mind around it, but that's just me. but kimberly, that's why you're here. i've read that you, you kind of talk also about and by the way it should be mentioned event horizon telescope for those who don't know because this is really cool. you can ride out and detailed on this 311 telescope, synchronized around the world, right? creating sort of a virtual earth sized telescope, as we just heard, pre explain to take these images from far away. so there's so much we know so much we're learning with the data so much we don't know the kimberly like what is the ultimate link? are there cosmic recycling centers? did i, did i understand this, right. what my side, even? i mean, i mean, are they recycling up there and we're not recycling? yeah. well i'm, i'm a huge fan of recycling. so i, i think i really like black holes and things like supernova remnants because they are the ultimate cosmic recycling centers. recycling at a much grander scale than humans can ever hope to do. i do think black hole sort of have a bad rap. they've got this sort of negative reputation for being just cosmic vacuum

cleaners. you know, things of doom and gloom. and yes, nobody really wants to get too close. i don't want to be to get a fight if i, you know, fall into that gravitational pull. no, thank you, right, i am happy here on earth and all that, but we have a lot to be grateful for, i think as well to black holes, but you know, the stellar explosions that produce many of the buckles that we know filed. they're also spinning out other really important elements when black holes collide, those, those types of collisions are giving us even more elements and those types of elements we use here on earth, right? so there's a lot about this idea of cosmic recycling that i think is very attractive that it's not just doom and gloom that it's also creation and potential feature like right then you know, we see or hear or think of black hole that sort of something as you said destructive, i'm glad you brought up this point because it's really kind of, you know, the, in, in the popular culture a few. well that's, that's how it's often referred to. but your research really frames it as, as a creator, as an engine, if you will, and the galaxy. so in a sense, it's nice,

but today and, and through your work in a sense we can flip the script if you will. and with that in mind, uh, i want to share this with you 3. i pray that maybe you can share your comments on this. we got a video comment that was sent to us from a professor of astrophysics darren lewis. and uh, just take a listen. well, i called and miss do is places surrounded by a one way barrier known as the event horizon. you can fully but you can never get out what happens inside the mental rise. and we don't really know something that you might just fold and the same to be crushed at the singularity. others have suggested that black hollows might be portals to other universes. you might fall into a black hole. you know, you did this about the white tobin some of the universe, but it's going to be a brain person who jumps in to try and find out. i mean, i am willing to be that brave person, but only because i don't know what,

what it was. it was really, you know, ways with me now i'm joking. but what, what do you make of that pre, i mean his, the way he frames that it's a bit bit in just but, but what do you think? first of all, i did raise, i actually don't in my world think cambridge is a small world, you know, but i think he's absolutely right that we don't really quite understand the pate matter and information went over. but i'm going to mix them up now and say anything that falls into the black hole information about it, right? even talking at a very nice analogy. you said, no, suppose you look at the encyclopedia britannica, right? and i look up, i'll just see that i can see this great network that reaches all these people. the information right inside look, yeah, no, i wouldn't be inside the close box. i locked the block box completely tight. i burned down the. it's like all the information that was in the encyclopedia still in the box. yeah. i don't know i would store anymore. right. and we don't retrieve

it. so that's where we are. i understand what happens inside the block. oh yeah. a much to understand. so it was like, you nation i that or to you. yeah, i really appreciate you breaking it down and very 3 terms that analogy helped me certainly understand it. and for those who are listening to the video, comment from that astrophysics professor. and he didn't mention the event horizon just to clarify, i want to make sure that i'm actually learning things that is not only the point of, with the point of no return, which is a region basically a space around the black hole where, where light and matter sort of uh, get sexton. yeah. okay. so, so we're learning here together. fantastic. um, so we also have a comment about sort of vibration. we hear this term very often when discussing sort of the world and, and the physical world buzz videos asking light and can't escape black holes. okay

. but 10 vibrations, escape black holes. i'm not sure i really understand the question, but hey, he asked in a few times. so a silent single studio under the pre a vibrations what, what is there anything that can escape a black hole? red? no, i don't think even vibrations can escape a black hole, right? so the vibrations that we are detecting in the summer vacation, right, are the impact then result, all black, those gravity interaction with that. yeah, that's to find all that. so not all the gas that gets what makes it way, it makes its way in. there is something that is expanded, and i think i mentioned that a little bit of a branching that's happening right for this material that's also coming out. so the cell weights are so needs a medium, right? so because you have this got these pressure we, we are able to hear that. and so the really the escaping from inside the black

hole. but we are generated by physics that's happening at the ages of the black hole. so that's the one in the earlier version. like no, no, no, save the earlier version for later after the so that was great. you're doing great . no, i, i want to ask about the misconceptions a little bit before we wrap here. you know, where i'm holes and all these sorts of other things that we hear about. i mean, what are sort of some of the challenges? what are the limitations? what can i mean with all this exciting research, like, what are we still struggling really to understand, or what excites you, looking to the future in terms of, of continuing to do this work? anything on your mind to on? 0, one of the things that i find most exciting about the future of this field is just understanding how this all began. you know, where it, when the 1st black holes form and how did they form. there's a lot of mystery surrounding that we are detecting galaxies with really massive

black holes at periods of the universe that were much earlier than we thought they should exist and they're already big. they're already massive. we call them quays, ours, they have made a ton of light. and so we really don't understand how black holes could have forms . so early on in the universe has history and done as massive as they did so quickly. and so that's one of those big open questions that has a lot of people scratching their heads and theorizing and, and hopefully we'll know more about that. well, well, and i saw pre owned kimberly, not scratching their heads but nodding their heads as you are, bringing out those points. so that's all well and good that it's something you, you mutually agree upon. i do want to share with you one more comment. we have from 12 to ask, this might be an obvious one, but how, how is time effected in about black hole? what sort of the, the easiest way of kind of understanding that kim i will pass that one to for you. yeah. hi. how about this? for a while, no, i don't want to sound no, let's just go with the time. i mean,

what is time is what i was gonna ask, which is way too, i guess to and so. so i don't know if that's the right. that's correct. the. this is the other reason blanco's are so bizarre time where he slows down. why don't you cross the bank for right. okay, so what happens, right, so we have the university think is a 4 dimensional sheet. so you need to specify where something happens. you need to say it happened in this space. so 33 numbers to tell you where and wow, that tells you when the time, right? so you'll have space and you'll have time. so this to get a form, the sort of the sheet of space time where you cross a blackboard event for eyes in the strangest thing happens, the nature of space and time. the slips. okay. so i did with that, you know? yeah, let's just meaning what flips like inverse is like, does a box slip?

i mean time starts to be like space. okay. so the flow of time gets affected. so as i said, you know, time really our notion of time it gets really slowed down. really, really slow us down and restricting you larry. it's sort of started taking in for that, you know. yeah. all right, it's, it's fascinating. say here you explain that it sounds to me like you're describing monday morning where time just seems to slow down, but hey, that's my ability to make sense of this. i want to thank you all this has been really enlightening and engaging. so thank you for joining us. kimberly pria and say hon. uh for those of you at home, thank you for sending us or questions. hopefully we got to a lot of those youtube questions. and remember here at the stream, these conversations do not end on air here. on television, you can always follow us at a stream uh, both on twitter and instagram, the

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