what's happening to the university education system that the government is planning to bring in private education and things like that. so today's protests that you saw there was like a decoy protest. there was another protest in a different occasion with the government deploying massive amounts of police of military to bring it under control and keep it contained minute fernandez. oh, to 0, colombo, the . this is al jazeera and these are the top stories, the so leaders of the west african block eco was holding an emergency meeting on the military takeover. neesha diplomatic efforts have so far failed since the crew 2 weeks ago, and it was says options remain on the table, including the use of military force. just says she has to evaluate the effectiveness of uh, dimensions. and that did you by any gaps or challenges that we are in

that progress only through it is comprehensive assessment. can we collectively track it news of the label, but was less than piece scrap validity, prosperity in the j. fast moving wildfires in hawaii has killed at least 36 people on the island of maui. the 300 year old town of law in which is popular with tourists has been largely destroyed. equity was presidential election will go ahead as she had chosen 10 days. despite the assassination of the candidates president's scheme or less so to clear the state of emergency of the 59 year old finance, if you ever since you was shot dead on wednesday. a tropical storm, a co noon has made land full in south korea. more than 10000 people, mostly in southern coastal areas,

have been ordered to leave their homes. the president has called for a star as they used to be on high unless the us president has signed an executive order to restrict american investments in chinese technology fins. joe biden says he's declaring a national emergency to deal with the threat of advancement by countries like china and sensitive high tech, which may have military use. china describes the band is economic coalition. the president of uganda is denouncing the world bank for refusing to new loans because of legislation which outlaws same sex relationships. the world banks is the n t l g p t q law passed and may contradicts the bank spends. what is the headline says, what was that website? i'll just say adult calm has the light is on own laptop stories. the stream is next, and there is no channel that covers world views like we do. the scale of this camp is like nothing ever what we want to know. how does the people we

revisit, please stay even when they're no international houses are really invested in that. and that's a privilege. as a journalist, who the lawyer listening to our pressure waves from a galaxy cluster known as perseus about 240000000 light years away from earth, mass us black hole re max, recently went viral online and it's fueling more and more interest in black hole science as well as it's mysteries. hi, i'm not much, haven't been, i can imagine like me, you have a lot of questions. so jump into today's youtube chat and you can be part of this discussion. the, as a black hole is believed to be the most extreme environment in the universe,

an area and space where the force of gravity is so intense, not even light, can escape. but how much the scientists really know about black holes and what their actual purposes. well, joining us today in connecticut, pre owned by the another, i'm a professor of astronomy and physics at yale university. and one of the principal investigators with harvard university's black hole initiative in the us state of rhode island. kimberly are, can a data visualize or in science communicator for nasa? is chandra x ray observatory and in new york state j hung parts out to pay and ask for a physicist at the rochester institute of technology where she studies the evolution and formation of galaxies. thank you so much for being with us beyond feeling very accomplished after all those introductions. now i'm joking so many interesting burning questions here really, but let's start with the most fundamental. kimberly, what is a black hole? well, i think a black hole is a really cool thing and it's a really interesting thing. and i think of mystery. but in essence,

i like to think of them as a dense compact object is gravitational pull is so strong that within a certain distance of it, nothing, not even light, kinda escape, and many of the black holes that we sort of know and love, i guess our thought to be the result from the collapse of a very, very, very massive star, as it sort of gets towards the end of it. stellar evolution that's, that's a simple uh, explanation that i can understand. i want to ask you though, a pre, a, you know, when we talk about black holes, there's a lot of misconceptions. there's a lot of maybe confusion when it exactly is so they certainly seem to help us understand how our galaxy kind of was shaped and formed. but what fascinates you most about it as well, i guess, as i just mentioned, right. so you can think of the black hole as a place to explain gravity from which nothing can escape. and there is this vision sort of like a secret boundary if you will call the vent for eyes. so once you cross,

the eventual rice is nothing, no matter what even light skin escape. so what happens inside a vent verizon is something that we don't quite understand the starting to understand it and figure it out. but we know that the black hole actually in cases point that we call the singularity. this is where all our knowledge of physics breaks down. and so for me, the fascination with black hole does that b, b, b, s, sort of the limits of knowledge, right? and so trying to understand like you initially push a yeah, not our minds as much as we possibly can. well, i mean, that's certainly fascinating to me. i mean, my dad's a physicist, he spent much of his life trying to explain some of this stuff to me. i don't know that i got it but, but that's certainly it makes sense to me. i mean, so when you say singularity of that's the center of the black hole, this is where we don't have sort of the physics knowledge to really understand

what's going on. is that correct? that's right, that's right. so our understanding our knowledge, right? nature has all these laws, these symmetries and i briefly kind of breaks down when we approach the singularity . interesting, fascinating day hon. when, when we talk about sort of galaxies and how they've evolved, i know a lot of your research focuses on this. we have people in our live youtube chat right now, actually asking some pretty pointed questions i want to share with you. one of them says the black calls lead to higher dimensions, and maybe the most interesting one to me from solid cancer says can you have 2 or 3 black holes that have joined together or merged? so that's a great question. um, so my research focus is on galaxies themselves, and how they form and evolve over time. but i'm especially interested in what happens when to galaxies, marriage together. and we think that all galaxies have these super massive black

holes in their centers, the windows galaxies, merge, and become one. those black holes should also merge and become one. and just recently we got evidence of this process through the gravitational wave detections by lego, which actually observed what happened as a result of this merger and the gravitational waves that are emitted that we can detect all the way here at our and i, i see that that visual, that we're sharing with our audience. um i just, it's like i see these things and it's fascinates me, but i, i fear that i don't understand just how fast in any it is but, but we have this headline as well. um i wanna share with you today. hi. and it says a pair of super massive black hole could be faded to collide within 3 years. certainly sounds like something we should be anticipating is. is this doom and gloom? what does that mean? it's definitely not doing good for, from our perspective and we will see too much different. we, if we're lucky enough, we'll be able to detect gravitational waves from this merger and be able to study

a little bit about the last moments before the merger actually happens. which would be really useful for physics, but otherwise not too much changes from our point of view of it, certainly not doing good. and, and, you know, we've, we've seen images, we heard that sound at the top of the show. okay. kimberly, i know you're working to kind of figure out in a sense, to put it in layman's terms. if we can, you know, make an image of the black hole and also with the sound. can you share with us the sound kind of what it is, what it means we were joking for we want to live to me. it sounds like, you know, stranger things. it was, it certainly sounds a bit ominous but, but how are we experiencing the data that we're collecting to yeah, i'm a, i'm a stranger fan, stranger things man as well. so i think i really love that analogy about the sound, and i've heard other people talk about how it sounds to them, like for us on track or just sounds like something from one zimmer. is this idea the certification is, is pretty cool because it actually took an archive or result from 2003 from andy

fabian at all and, and not result. they had made this discovery that this massive black hole was just belching out into the surrounding environments. and those belt is, are sort of causing these pressure weights or piece down ways in the hot gas. and so those sound waves we could actually translates into a tone which was the flats of about $57.00 officers below middle see so way, way below even hearing like hundreds and hundreds of piano keys below human hearing . and i think this idea that we could then take that today and sign up by it. so take that note that we know it's sending out into the university, turn it into sound that humans can hear was really exciting because to me it's a way to not only learn things about them, but also help communicate them to people. for example, who can't see someone who is blind or low vision. yeah, and that was part of, i mean that's, that's, that's definitely fascinating. i think, you know, we want this to show it to be as accessible as possible. and part of that means

kind of breaking things down. we hear these terms like not even light can escape from a black hole. and we're going to dissect that further. but for now, i want to share some comments that are coming through on youtube. we have enough tune asking what is the nearest black hole to our solar system, and is it possible for them to collide with us in the future? and who wants to take that pre up? i'm sure of the news silver, massive black holes, right? all 3 of us are interested in these sort of over ways because of the little black hole that the light will collaboration. cock colliding right? is the one of the center of our own galaxy and it's $4000000.00 times the mass of the sun. um and i mean, i think the rest of your question was was the newest one and might they collide with us in the future? it's that age old question. natalie? yeah, i think we say we're, we have like say, i think of the, one of the center of our galaxy is actually sitting very quietly. it's sitting on

a very tiny trickle. and it's largely dead for most purposes. but you know, it's fascinating. one for us. that's why you are showing the up close image from the mentor i the telescope collaboration, which is as close as we will ever get to a black. oh, interesting. well, i mean, you know, a lot of these questions i have to share them with you on youtube. are kind of better than my questions or, or at least they're the exact same is my question. so here we go. um, buzz, buzz video thing. how can we learn about black holes if they trap light and can actually be seen now i see that you're nodding to him. um, so i'm going to ask, i mean, you know, we hear this, this phrase, not even light can escape. what does that really mean? and yeah, a, yeah i'm, i'm nodding because that's a question i've heard a lot actually we're trying to study something that we can't see. we're trying to understand the absence of light. and that's a kind of complicated concept,

right. the video you showed earlier, you saw the sort of black spears in the middle that are representing the black hole . so right, we can't see into those black spears. but what we can see is what's happening around them, how those masses are affecting their surroundings. so they're still interacting with things gravitationally, so we can measure things nearby them and see how their movement is affected by the presence of something really massive. we can see how their mass is distort light. mm. we saw that in that video that you showed and we can learn all about their surrounding environments just based on the material that nearby, right. if there's gas that surrounding them and that gas moves very rapidly, it gets very hot and we're able to detect it through x rays in other other parts of the spectrum. so we can still learn quite a lot about black holes in the effect on their environment just by observing what's near them. interesting. i mean i've got to jump through, i have kimberly and then the now kimberly, go ahead or do i. i love the idea that we're,

we're looking at this data now and we're talking about data that is essentially invisible, right? all of this material that, that we've been talking about this on vacation, not that image, even from the vin horizon telescope. these are in different kinds of light that human eyes can proceed. we can't see it extra late. we can't see in radio light. um, so it's really important to consider like all of these things that are happening out there in the universe. so much of it, we can't see and we need different telescopes, like the cataracts or observatory, like the event horizon telescope, and didn't order for us to be able to learn more about them. i like to think of like the chantix observatory is like a black hole hunter. it's found black holes near far, small, big, even medium sized ones. kind of like a go. the last thing i guess there's just, there's so much to learn for these, these little special laboratories that are out there in the universe just just waiting to be studied. i'm a pre advocate and you were going to say fine, you were going to yeah, the one i'm also often asked this question, what does it mean that even like on this game, right? yeah. so what analogy that we've all seen right from kids come arrow,

you have to boost rockets out so that they escape the driver cation of drip of the or so we have to get rocket to boost adapted 11 kilometers per 2nd. and then to city itself, all the gravity doesn't fall back, right? so that state. so if you just imagine that that's the gravity of the earth. so that's what it's doable. the gravity into strategy of a blackboard is such that that escaped speed, that the rocket speed that you need to do has to be the speed of light. so that would mean what you but you know, uh, lights cannot escape of like, oh, interesting. yeah i, how do we coming back to this question is pointed out, we see we map these invisible entities and directly in the case of a black hole. so it is feeding on gas. so got to be pulled in again by the gravity of the black hole, the dying gas of the gas as it gets,

it starts to glow. and that's what we're seeing is the x rays. so we don't actually see the whole receive the stuff that is all good to being so, you know, swarming by the whole swap. yeah, i love this, this term, these terms and terminology swallowed by the whole and it's, it creates such a mystery. i love it. i mean, it's the end of its self, right? so in gauging, i do want to ask you about these images. um, how did the event horizon telescope create the image, this image of the black hole that's at the center of our galaxy. take a look. we have these are, these are 2 different images right? comparing help me understand what this is for our audience. comparing the size of 2 black holes, but maybe 7 insides of terry is a what is significant about this that can be understood by someone, a simpleton like me for you. so yeah, so what we're seeing is we have zoomed in to a region that is right around we just event for eyes of the black hole in the

taking body. then we're not even like an escape. we're a little bit outside it here, but we zoomed right in the to the height of a black hole if you will. okay. i've got 2 levels. the one that is essentially a star is $4000000.00 times the mass of the sun, the one in m, $8786.00, be every time somebody comes on monday, no matter. okay. and the eventual right is a telescope. a project managed to zoom right is, is the leverage many radio dishes. yeah. that actually around the are to mimic and make me a tire size of the or be like one radio dish. and so that's the biggest go me. it's crazy to me. i mean, when are you talking these numbers, these figures? i don't really, it's hard to wrap my mind around them, but that's just me. but kimberly, that's why you're here. i've read that you, you kind of talk also about and by the way it shouldn't be mentioned event horizon

telescope for those who don't know because this is really cool, you can ride out and, and geek out on this thread, 11 telescope, synchronized around the world, right? creating sort of a virtual earth sized telescope, as we just heard, pre explain to take these images from far away. so there's so much we know so much we're learning with the data so much we don't know the kimberly like what is the ultimate link? are there cosmic recycling centers? did i, did i understand this, right? what my side, even? i mean, i mean, are they recycling up there and we're not recycling it is. yeah, well i'm, i'm a huge fan of recycling. so i, i think i really like black holes and things like super and over remnants because they are the ultimate cause. make recycling centers, recycling at a much grander scale than humans can ever hope to do. i do think black hole sort of have a bad rap. they've got this sort of negative reputation for being just cosmic vacuum cleaners. you know, things of doom and gloom and yes, nobody really wants to get too close. i don't want to be spaghetti if i, if i,

you know, fall into that gravitational pull. no, thank you. right. i am happy here on earth and all that. but we have a lot to be grateful for, i think as well to black holes. you know, the stellar explosions that produce many of the buck holes that we know filed there also spewing out other really important elements when black holes collide, those, those types of collisions are giving us even more elements. and those types of elements we use here on earth, right? so there's a lot about this idea of cosmic recycling that i think is very attractive that it's not just doing bloom that is also creation and potential feature like right then you know, we see or hear or think of black hole that sort of something as you said destructive, i'm glad you brought up this point because it's really kind of, you know, the, in the popular culture, if you, well that's, that's how it's often referred to. but your research really frames it as a, as a creator, as an engine, if you will, in the galaxy. so in a sense, it's nice that today and, and through your work in a sense we can flip the script if you will. and with that in mind, i want to share this with you 3 uh, the pre,

and maybe you can share your comments on this. we got a video comment that was sent to us from a professor of astrophysics darren lewis. and uh, just take a listen. i told him to do is places surrounded by one way, barry, i noticed the event horizon you can fall in, but you can navigate at what happens inside the mentor horizon. we don't really know something that you might just fold and it seemed to be crushed up as thinking arrow key. others have suggested that black hollows might be portals to other universities. you might fall into a black hole, you know you to this a multiple. why told, in some of the universe, but it's going to be a brain person will jump in to try and find out. i mean, i, i am willing to be that brave person, but only because i don't know what, what it was that was really, you know, ways with me now i'm joking. but what, but what do you make of that pre, i mean his, the way he frames that it's a bit bit in just but, but what do you think?

first of all, how you raise, i actually don't in my world. think cambridge, it's a small world. you know, but i think he's absolutely right that we don't really quite understand the state of matter and information. and i'm going to, i'm going to mix them up now and say anything that falls into the black hole information about it, right? even talking at a very nice analogy. you said, no, suppose you look at the encyclopedia britannica. right? and i look up houses here and i can see it's a great network that reaches all these people. there's information right inside look, yeah, no, i wouldn't be encyclopedia in a closed box. i locked the block box completely tight. i learned down the encyclopedia, all the information that was indian so i could still in the box. yeah. i don't know i would store anymore, right. and we don't retrieve it. so that's when we are, i understand what happens inside the block. oh yeah. a much to understand. so it

was i to nation i that florida to new york. i really appreciate you breaking it down and very 30 terms that analogy helped me certainly understand it. and for those who are listening to the video, comment from that astrophysics professor and he didn't mention the event horizon. just to clarify, i want to make sure that i'm actually learning things that is not only the point of, with the point of no return, which is a region basically a space around the black hole where, where light and matter sort of uh, get sexton. yeah. okay. so, so we're learning here together. fantastic. so we also have a comment about sort of vibration. we hear this term very often when discussing sort of the world and, and the physical world buzz videos asking light and can't escape black holes. okay . but 10 vibrations escaped black holes. i'm not sure i really understand the question, but hey, he asked in a few times. so a silent single studio. i don't know about the pre a vibrations what,

what is there anything that can escape a black hole? red? no, i don't think even vibrations can escape a black hole, right? so the vibrations that we have detecting in the summer vacation, right. are they in then result of black those gravity interacting with that? yeah, that's to find all it so not oh, my gosh. that gets what makes it way, it makes its way in. there is something that is expensive and i think as i mentioned that a little bit of managing that's happening right for the material that's also coming out. so the saw ways are sound to me immediately. right? so because you have this got these pressure we, we are able to hear that. and so the really the escaping from inside the black hole. but we are generated by physics that's happening at the ages of the black hole. so that's the one in the earlier version, like no, no, no,

save the earlier version for later after the so that was great. you're doing great . no, i, i want to ask about the misconceptions a little bit before we wrap here. you know, where i'm holes and all these sorts of other things that we hear about. i mean, what are sort of some of the challenges? what are the limitations? what can i mean with all this exciting research, like, what are we still struggling really to understand, or what excites you, looking to the future in terms of, of continuing to do this work? anything on your mind to on, to 0, one of the things that i find most exciting about the future of this field is just understanding how this all began. you know, where it, when did the 1st black holes form? how did they form? there's a lot of mystery surrounding that we are detecting galaxies with really massive black holes at periods of the universe that were much earlier than we thought they should exist and they're already bigger, already massive. we call them quays. are,

as they have made upon a light. and so we really don't understand how black holes could have forms so early on in the universe as history and done as massive as they did so quickly. and so that's one of those big open questions that has a lot of people scratching their hasn't the arising and, and hopefully we'll know more about that. well, well, and i saw pre owned kimberly, not scratching their heads but nodding their heads as you are, bringing out those points. so that's all well and good that it's something you, you mutually agree upon. i do want to share with you one more comment. we have from 12 task, this might be an obvious one, but how, how is time effected in about black hole? what sort of the, the easiest way of kind of understanding that kim i will pass that window for you. yeah. hi. how about this? for a while, no, i don't want to sound no, let's just go with the time. i mean, what is time is what i was gonna ask, which is way too i understand so. so i don't know if that's the right. that's correct. the. this is the other reason levels are so bizarre time where

he slows down, why don't you cross the line to right. okay, so what happens, right, so we have the university think is a 4 dimensional sheets. so you need to specify where something happens. you need to say it happened in this space. so 33 numbers to tell you where, while that tells you when the time, right? so you'll have space and you'll have time. so this to gather for me sort of the sheet of space time where you cross a black hole. the measure rise in. the strangest thing happens, the nature of space and time. it slips. okay. so i just, you know, yeah, flips, meaning what flips like inverse is like, does a box lab? i mean, time starts to be like space. okay. so this, the flow of time gets us back. so as i said, you know, time really our notion of time it gets really slowed down. really,

really slow us down and respecting your very, it sort of starts taking in for that, you know. yeah. all right, it's, it's fascinating. say here you explain that it sounds to me like you're describing monday morning where time just seems to slow down, but hey, that's my ability to make sense of this. i want to thank you all this has been really enlightening and engaging. so thank you for joining us. kimberly pria and hon. uh, for those of you at home, thank you for sending us or questions. hopefully we got to a lot of those youtube questions. and remember here at the stream, these conversations do not end on air here on television. you can always follow us at a stream, both on twitter and instagram, the

the, the time stop pushing today to sun when we duction entries between former president and illuminate our power. our people see these things for themselves and make up their own minds to sweden. this become a thing to turn your back against announcing groundbreaking stories from award winning from make. it's actually in order to win and from conflict. it's a more efficient when someone conflict sweetness on 20 frank assessments. $3000000000.00 isn't going to be enough to get back,

is known as economy back on track. the short answer is no informed opinion, just for those who are attempting to flee to chat. how dangerous is that? the journey is incredibly difficult for many people to manage to get out, but it's a great cost in depth analysis of the days headlines, questions really, who controls that goes on an outer space in the future will be governments for won't be big part of the corporations and individuals across the billing there's inside story on al jazeera. so, thoughts factory has survived in an area with thousands of others, have been a band and yet he's the last one and he's extended family left. holding on to that profession, there is thousands of years old because of impulse how business has been declining these newly made put some pictures need to be left into some for a few days until the dried off. they are in foot here into this often to be heated at about $1500.00 degrees celsius for about 20 hours. but it is part of, you know,

cultures heritage. so even if it declines as a profession, extend flourishes as quotes or the the color on some a cry. this is the news our life from coming up in the next 60 minutes. west african latest support diplomacy or the military intervention design, discuss the solution to the crew and the share scenes of devastation in hawaii with fast sprinting wild fires have killed at least 36 people.