is found in abundance of pollutants and surface water and underlying settlements of lakes and rivers in the capital. da, da da dum. up the money to come with us or we hardly get fish. no, it is. it's because of the vin expulsion reverse has canals due to pollution, fissions don't beat as they used to. they're not able to survive anymore in this part of the waters to ex. but save frogs have vital role in controlling mosquitoes that carry diseases such as malaria cases of dangled fever. i've reason alarmingly here in recent years, research i was involved in the studies the high level presence of micro plastic and frogs. both of the potential try to bio diversity and crop production, environmental dash scientists, the verizon disposable plastic uses, is creating a pressing challenge for food safety as micro plastic accumulating and the marine full chain kind of each of the 0 dot com. the

assumptions here. and these are the top stories, the sal, this is millie. truthful, a has proposed a 3 year transition to power off to west african leaders. made another attempt at diplomacy to reverse the code. the segment by general of the romani gianni followed torques with a delegation from original block eco was neither the national council for the safe guard of the homeland, nor the people of new york war and remain open to dialogue. but let us be clear, if an attack were to buttons are taken against us, it will not be the walk in the park. some people seem to think g r i are you from here that are emission is not to confiscate power. i also reaffirm already and is to engage in any dialogue as long as it takes into account the orientations desired by the proud and resilient people of new year. thousands of presidents in western canada had been forced to evacuate. their homes is 2 separate wild,

5 inch close. the file size is using a tank is and how he helped us to baffled the yellow not 5 northwest territories and the mcdougal fight and british columbia ecuadorian ser, preparing to vote in sundays general election under the shadow of violence and the assassination of a presidential candidacy. the army has been deployed to deliver election materials to polling stations. of course mullins, also heading to the polls on sunday and a presidential in front of the one that same as a test of the countries democracy holding stations and being close to guided by police. and the military to is riley's had been killed in the shooting. and the occupied west bank that happens near the palestinian town of who, out of just south of nablus. between me an age 60 and suzy, with targeted bone by with inside a car wash is ready for us to sit abroad block, searching for the silent bus. the headlines then use continues here on al jazeera, up to counting the cost, which is coming up next to the scars of the war. and you praise,

run deep, but the devastation of the country's precious ecosystems may take the longest to hear the people in power documents the environmental impacts of the fight, and follows the premium for prizes investigators, as they collect evidence of what they described as eco site. ukraine, ground 0 on that, just the other one, adrian said again, this is counting the cost on al jazeera. you know, we can look at the world of business. i think it all makes this way to saudi arabia is spending big on football, american investors and celebrities also scoring in europe and leaves. so will

a massive deals reshape. so come also this week from digital, low miles to work stations. we look at different trends and we're both working and explore. if it's time for us all to go back to the office. and is why is that going on? millions of jump less young people in south africa, the new and wonderful nations regular unemployment is a ticking time. the christina ronaldo could. i have been some study on monday and just recently name on global football styles, packing the bags, and leaving europe for saudi arabia with jewel dropping salaries. some of them already making that day be with the saudi pro leak, which kicked off last week. the move to lou of football icons, aims to transform the game in saudi into one of the world's top competitions. but i, let's say it's also part of a plan to multiply if the kingdoms economy and diversify it away from oil. the

world's biggest crude expose that has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in other sports, including boxing, gulf, and car racing plans to launch an investment company as part of it, summer and well fund to develop the support set up box critics, the q saudi arabia of sports, washing or using sports to cover up it's human rights. violations of that gulf. countries are also ramping up their investment in sports capital, which hosted the 2022 world cup, wants to buy the british football club. mattress, the united, its premier league, wible and neva matches the city was bought fine and a rossi company owned by a royal family member in 2008. but it's not just the least western celebrities, and also investing in football, american firms, a doing so to private capital. now funds more than a 3rd of clubs in england, france, germany, italy, and spain. that's according to financial analysis from pitchbook. the cost of buying plans is estimated to risen by 9 percent per year on average in the past

decade, it's expected to reach record levels in the coming seasons. joining us now for parents assigned a chadwick, he's a professor of sports and geo political economy at the scam up business school. it's not a good to have you with us all these investments, particularly the ones by the gulf stations, these, these big amounts of money. gotta re shape the game that they already have. if you think about the cats i will coping twins 2 twins to the 1st time the, the tournament was in the middle east. we think about abu dhabi at city football group, which is now a global franchise network. we've never seen this kind of thing before. and of course we have now have saudi arabia are investing huge amounts of money and football and essentially is creating a lead and a set of teams to is beginning to rival, in terms of, of prominence the, the english credit illegally going span and so forth. so, you know, it's not, not the case of willie re shape. they already were shaping. okay. and is it for the good of the game? critics say that it's,

it's sports washing. but when you have this amount of money being invested into clubs and players and on the infrastructure and stadiums, i mean that's all to the benefit of, of fans, isn't it? and i think it, what's important to say is, is this is the global game. and one of the reasons that we're all engaged with the sport it is because it's because it's the global game. and yet for a long periods of time, essentially, european football is dominated. obviously south american football has been very strong, but football elsewhere in the world certainly hasn't had the prominence while the attention of, of, of some of those european nations. at the same time what we see that here, there are huge investments in infrastructure and creating competitions in, in even delivering content to, to, to view is around the world. so that helping improvements across i think one of the, the, the big concerns is about competitive balance. we know that in certain competitions, big clubs, with big owners, big money, a dominating and a nice uh,

a really important issue in terms of that the, the health and quality of, of, of the sport in terms of the, the sport washing arguments. there's no doubt that there are imaging reputational benefits associated with being a prominent member of global football. we look at, for example, what has happened in britain during the colonial periods? when obviously, britain was involved in all manner of as different pursuits around the world, sometimes not particularly negative. they used football to manage the major reputation. so i only was seeing anything new. what is important that felix is, but football is a, is a, is a language that people understand. and you know, people, people don't need to have football explained to them. hence, countries like saudi arabia are using football because it's, it's a way of engaging audiences. and as i said through that comes the opportunity to manage you mentioned reputation, i'm picking up on what you were saying before we go on to sports, watching this, this multi club ownership. i mean, that raises issues, as you say, in terms of being a fair play regulations,

particularly if you've got one country owning several cub, good clubs who play ultimately in it, the same competitions. what's your dance? nice thing about multi club ownership is, is in essence it's, it's franchising and in other industrial sectors. if we think about fast food, all coffee, we've got franchise businesses all over the world. we know we don't question this. what i think is significant about this multi club own and shipping football is, is that it's, it's unusual. that's the 1st thing. it's new and people have got to get used to it . but more than that, it reading box at football is being an industry rather than a sports. and that's the crucial part of this. clearly there are, there are some major challenges for the managers of clubs and sure, and consistency of performance across the franchise network is one issue. but in terms of governing sport, we're increasingly finding that the clips that are owned by the same company, by the same person,

beginning to play each other in international competitions. and there is the potential for conflict of interest. you know, if you have 2 clubs, sable and a playing against each other in a knockout competition, you know, and never to be there is some day to day. so there are real challenges ahead for governance as well. and i think there are also challenges to it in terms of funds, because obviously the nature of the franchise clubs is where all the different to the nature of clubs that many people use to. yeah, i, i wanted to pick up on that. i, i, is europe, in the rest of the world heading towards to think of an american model in terms of, in a baseball megs and a okay. and a basketball or what's really funny is that there is a view that, that the americans run the sport like communists and the europeans run narrow that supports like free market capitalist. so $88.00 new, i guess there is a point at which pops the to begin to converge with one another. what that means is, is that essentially the united states has got a very managed approach to, to,

to that leak structures. so franchises are awarded. there is a particular orientation towards salary caps to was closed leagues in europe. we don't have that. we, we don't necessarily have those salary capsule. we do have some financial regulation. we certainly don't have close leagues we have promotion, relegation. but i think what we saw with european super league developments a couple years ago is, is a move towards this, this kind of orientation, you know, perhaps a close di, repeatedly, perhaps we're heading towards a close global league. and i think countries lifestyle here, it'd be, it may well have an interest in developing such a project. but it does mean that for us, that if you are operating a closely, you know, who is part of that close lead, way to the franchise is go, is relevant, right? i'm on chest united, going to be in that closely. so we were living that and, and appeared, i think way, a lot of the old c, d 's and a lot of the old structures associated with football being challenged. and i wanted to ask you about what saudi arabia is doing domestically with,

with this league where it's employing football is who, what the greatest of, of their age, just coming towards the end of the career. isn't that playing now? in this, this domestic league and saudi arabia, what do you make about a saudi arabia, its government, the, the governors of a saudi arabian football very simply won't the country's football to have the same stature, the same status, the same prominence as, for example, the english premi legal spain slowly. yeah. and you know, as an english guy when we, we don't question the shooting when we just do it. and i find it very, you know, really quite interesting that because it's, it's a nation to go free to people follow questioning of it. but the reality is, is that maybe by twenty's this evening, or possibly by 2040 saudi arabia will of a send it to a position of, of greater prominence. whether or not it's competing with the premier, the remains to be seen. and with that come a whole series of benefits,

economic benefits, socio cultural benefits, political benefits, where does the transfer market fit into all of this? this for me is my, my occupancy, my big, big concern in, in, in terms of the big money. and the big invest is coming into the game, including governments as well as private equity investors and not is the trickle down effect of big transfer fees. big salaries, because essentially when a play leaves to go to, to england or play leave to go to saudi arabia for a $100000000.00 of that then trickles down through the transfer system and it begins to impact upon clubs. the com pay launch transfer fees unable to pay large salaries because of that financial position. and that does then begin to impact upon that competitiveness and also the quality of the football that they're able to play. and one of the things that i think that that we need to do is a football community globally as ensure that the grass roots, those clips lower down, the parent may have protected

a 9 plaza rule for fee for and was really striking about recent developments and he will fulfill, particularly in saudi arabia, and also the premier league is fee for very often remain silence on these boxes. i actually think the see if i need to step up and begin to think about how it goes into the global game. it certainly, and subject group football more effectively. it's been great focus, i'm in manufacturing, paid for being with us, profess assignment chadwick that is now working from home was a pipe dream. so many workers before the pandemic. now the advances in technology and making it possible to look anywhere, even on the beach, on tier to the rise and remote working. the traditional offices increasingly being ditched, becoming a digital nomad is growing in popularity. the term describes employees to choose to work wherever, whenever they want, anywhere in the world. many nations, including portugal, canada and germany have created digital know my visuals that have changed the regulations in order to welcome them. another full of flexible working that's also

on the rise is the so called what cation are combining. what with a vacation to practically means performing what from a holiday location? with ours, a reduction in salary, driving out from london, is grace lawrence. and she's the director of the inclusion initiative as an associate professor at the london school of economics. christ good to have you with us. so this all sounds great. i wish the but i could be a digital no bad. unfortunately, i called i have to be in the studio to work cuz i remain as productive if they are digital nomads or taking a work cation. what thank you so much for having me today. so if we take the 2 things separately, i think big it did so no lives hasn't. these moved from being a subject to acceptable because of the coping 19 ponds i make, but it is pretty limited to people who are working in the gig economy or free lansing. in most countries, state is actually limited. but if you look at the united states, there is

a survey the found, the $16900000.00 american workers currently described themselves as digital know minds, which is an increase of what a 131 percent since the pre public year. and when we think of us digital know, lots of people who are most likely to be, are younger. i'm at, i'm a of so young males are more likely to choose that lifestyle. and they tend to work in information technology, creative services education in training, and areas where it's possible to get contract work, but potentially not permanency now work case. it is something different. it's basically your company saying for a certain number of weeks of the year, it's fine for you to leave the city or the, the area in which you work to go and be anywhere you want. so you can be on the beach. you can be ski and you can, you can, you can use your imagination of google as a good example of best, who not offer 4 weeks of work cation and then the quote to the question of pop productivity. i more productive when i'm on a work cation. i will project one. i'm going to to no much this really short answer to this is that we just don't know. so companies,

we haven't taken seriously thinking the types of working that they're doing. so whether or not somebody's in the office for a set number of days, whether or not they're there, there were cation whether or not they're working digitally with productivity. so what we're finding is that different companies are offering different types of things to employees, depending on who happens to be in charge. so i think these choices about whether or not i take to know, like our work cation is done to management board, that everything linked to products, if it does depend upon, as you say, a who's in, in charge meant google has a reputation for, for being a very cool company to work for, but i can imagine some people watching this thinking, but my boss would never, would never accept anything like that. i mean, i think that the, the google strategy is actually a very sensible one because you know, it allows some rates retained people who have children, for example. so work cases are very popular among parents who have young children, where they can leave the cities in which they are working and go to an area perhaps where the ground parents are for a number of weeks and get support during those school holidays. so when we contract

these kind of images of coolness, we don't often think about people who are juggling tied care work cation really allows, i think, across the board on employees to have better work life balance. so, so it mightn't hit on productivity in the weeks a better way, but i'm willing to bet it would improve retention. having said all of that, chrysler, i mean, hang on a 2nd. i'll be back with you just a moment to tech giants who have tools that are employees that could work from home and definitely be a few years ago. it now appeared to be with us in cost amazon, for example, i started to track and penalize workers who don't spend at least 3 days a week in the office. there's the companies ordering workers back into the workplace also includes the a full mentioned google meta and sue other firms, including disney and starbucks are also asking employees to spend more time at the office. a great a as a company instead of having, having a re think about about how all of this actually works and, and who can work remotely. i think the answer is yes. so i think, you know, we think companies that realizing that when people work for the remotely,

their attachment to the company might go down and they might go open to other activities that wouldn't necessarily enhance the productivity for the company. the evidence, the evidence academic evidence does show that remote working itself can enhance productivity for most jobs, but it should be conflict with time in the office for those jobs that require innovation, creativity, or some aspect of service. so unfortunately, it doesn't say anything about that days and unfortunately again, firms have not experimented with what is up to the time to be in the office. and i mean, as you set up now, it turns to mind when people are back in the office for a set number of days, and they're doing this, what is a certain amount of resistance? so i think it's kind of worth bearing in mind that when we see these number of days there are going up for companies, these are just shots in the dark. there's no evidence suggested that these particular number of days will actually help employees be productive. and in fact, the evidence suggests that it should be done on the occupation on a team level. will have been done in a company or a function, picking up price on what you were saying about productivity. many employees pushing

back against the return to the office site, then more productive working remotely. one survey though doesn't support that view . participants who worked fully from home 18 percent less productive than those in the office. that's according to economists from the massachusetts institute of technology and the university of california. they say one of the reasons behind the decreasing productivity is communication challenges. other studies found that hybrid work had most a significant impact on productivity. both employees, what happier, less likely to leave in price. i suppose. i mean, that comes with a number of it, doesn't that, i mean, if we're, if we're happy a, ultimately we're going to be of more value to our company, even if we're a little less productive. but if we were in the office or, i mean, i'm not sure i agree with that. i think you could be practically happy, you know, skiing and surfing and not doing not doing any work. so i think we kind of have to take the evidence as it is, which is, which is mixed. it's important to remember that all of these studies look at different types of the population. the one thing we know for sure,

which is what you're, what you're relating to, is that employees themselves much prefer to have a ton of the, in their work. they much prefer to work it kind of a hybrid work environment. and in fact, in our, our research suggested employees will come into the office when they're needed to, to collaborate or to fill up ration. so for me, i would like to people to move to remote for us working where we see individuals really getting serious about when do we need people to be in the office to be productive and otherwise let them have autonomy? i should also say that our own research showed about a year ago now that employees were pushing back. so what that meant was that there was set number of days being suggested by these huge companies who are listed on stock exchanges all over the world. and employees were simply ignoring us and continue to doing what they want to do. and what's interesting about what's happening with amazon now, and other companies who are moving to penalize with being employees is that these companies recognize the power has moved from most occupations, but not all from the employees to the employers. maybe the labor market is actually quite 5, if your job searching at the moment of leaving aside digital bo bads for both of

whom. i am insanely jealous, fairly, almost as he is young go up. is it time really? that the but the rest of us should stop living in cloud cuckoo lab here work, work is work. we're supposed to go to the office a days of remote working coming to an end. do you think or is this just a trend that's here to stay? as well, i leave it with your employer, but i couldn't imagine where i was, where you actually are digits, no mice and you go around and you, you didn't ever shows like this of different corners of the worlds. but for the general question, if you want to, if you want to have maximum positivity, we should focus on experimenting and quanta, find what is the optimal time for folk for folk to be in the office to satisfy positivity into minds. i think we will have for a lot of, for, for, for at the legacy some people who are in the gig economy who are no minds that are more than the portion before i think we will have as a legacy hybrid working where people are in the office for

a particular amount of time out of the office of, of different months time. i think what i'm fortunate is that the model of hybrid working looks to be a staff day model. so that means that some companies want in system 2 days, some 3 days, some 4 days and 5 days. and that policy in itself will have impacts on who was attracted to go into those companies. yeah, catching the cost coming to this week from the beach on the quote to 0. i like the sound of that grace. many thanks to they always great to talk to you on catching the cost. you're amazing. thank you so much bye. not from the capital pretoria. to the townships, millions of people in south africa struggling to find a job. the nations official unemployment rate is running very 33 percent. it's even higher among young people. the united nations describes the situation as a ticking time bomb. it's worried the job business could increase policy and fuel social unrest. well, the government's recently taking measures to increase employment rates by helping entrepreneur stop businesses president through around the pose a was introduced

a controversial law that allows racial quotas to tackle job in equality among the black south africans opposition parties of protested against it, saying that it discriminates against minority white's indians and people of mixed race. joining us not from london is rossi a. com. she's the managing director and chief economist of africa and middle east global research that stand of johnson bank budget. welcome to accounting of the costs. why would the un describes south africa's unemployment problem as of taking time? was the economy is the g cause economy is the typically do produce unemployment states that south africa has always had a structurally very high level of unemployment. if you look at the youth unemployment, although with the latest release, those numbers have started to improve. it's still in the mix for his as a percentage. so given the likely weak growth profile of the economy, the problems up south africa has had with extensive power outages load shipping as

it's known locally. the concern is that the economy typically just doesn't grow false, you know, to make a difference to employment. of course there was some pleasant surprises with the latest release, but it, oh tubs. the big worry is that this could leads to grace's social discontent of the time. i'm what do you, what are we to make of this, these call for the actual race courses for jobs, the employment equity act is not going to do anything to solve the problem. oh, it's very difficult to look at the south africa, an oscillation, and to ignore the context of years and years, decades, in fact, of deliberate marginalization of the majority of its population. what is the best way to fix this going forward? yes, anything, but the results in a higher birth rate, the kind of create expectations of foster grows,

especially private sector driven grove which could lead to sustains employment. gains would be a good thing. but i'm sorry. does that is governments interventions still required to try to deal with the countries long standing in a call, which is i'm was a little south africans be better off if there was a few or any policies in place. and if it was quite as polarized, and if it didn't sweep black so much, the countries about 5 calls, which is still very much evident in the math, where we cannot make dates as today. if you look at the unemployment rate. so different race groups, this is something that really stands out. it's very difficult to look at this in overall trends that you think there is no scope for intervention here. the government shouldn't be trying anything to cut, right? these long standing in a quote, which is all south africans would benefit from a batch of gross environment and going to inclusion,

but looks at the interest as the most modern ones. south africans is only something that can boost prospect. so whole south africans over time. so what should the government be doing to tackle the overall problem here shouldn't be focusing solely on unemployment or fixing all the areas of the economy and that employment will naturally improve. i think the scope of both overall macro policies that are more growth in hall saying that create greater confidence in the ability the economy to overcome longstanding structural bottlenecks to be able to grow. and the government is, in fact starting to tackle some of these issues, looking at infrastructure interventions, looking at significant resumes in the power sector, have opens the way for private generation. this is how we gradually, mrs. lee, this is leading to an expectation of perhaps somewhat improved for the future along the sides, that there were still very much this go from like for level policies,

looking at where things have gone wrong in the pos asking the question, is there a role the tax what was the other interventions that can be made that could try to address some of these shortcomings in a much more focused way? because here it's always good to talk to you on catching the cost many. thanks, and thanks for being with us. again. thank you very much. that's our show for this week. if you'd like to comment on anything that you've seen, you can ex, me that's still doesn't sound rice from the platform, formerly known as teresa. i'm at a said again on the treasury was about to use the hash tag h a c t c. when you do, oh, you could drop us a line counting the cost of our 0 dot net is our email address. as always, as well for you online at elder 0 dot com slash ctc. that takes you straight to our page, that you'll find individual reports, links at a time episodes b to catch up. that's it for this edition of counting the cost on

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