that it's the 1st time the scientists have seen such a wide spread breeding, say of the beds and follows warnings that an iconic symbol of fantastic a could be extinct by the end of the century. on the consumption of these up to see the the hello again. i'm elizabeth front of mendoza hall, but the top stories on the algebra, the crammed and says claims from the west that it or of the death of wanda. neither you've got any precaution or an absolute lie spokesman dmitri pest called declined to provide a direct answer when he was off to the dependent. his confirmation of the took ocean's desk. a 60 day of protests underway and southern sylvia against the high cost of living demonstrations in the city of else away the mom and the reduction in food and fuel prices. as well as the removal of president bush assad. donald trump has been arrested and released on bail out of surrendering to jail in the us state

of georgia. the full, the president face has criminal charges for his attempts to overturn the election results in georgia. in 2020. the un secretary general has warning that growling instability in this a hell region could complicate the withdrawal. one of peacekeeping troops and molly un officials of being missing military authorities in molly, declined the exit of $12500.00 troops before the end of the year. the source of the routing home to us did you want to leave accusing it of failing to end and security? some bob was election, observe it. so there was some irregularities in diversion, including intimidation and blocking of opposition, valleys. some results are being announced. now the vote was extended into a 2nd day on thursday, off the ballot papers failed to arrive in time, and many urban areas has been success. and some of the 3 track down in myanmar to thousands of are hanging fulls to many, many in to escape some who straight across the board into caps and bung the dish. a rallying to highlight the giant living conditions supreme court judges in greece

have ordered police to investigate with a recent walled fires started deliberately. the fires and alexandro play of the largest in europe, in his to the president of the spanish football federation. the ways that will be alice says, because he planted on a female player to she won the world cup was mutual and he's not going to resign over it. the federation is holding a mason to discuss the actions of ruby out as he says he will fight and course to clear his name. faith has opened disciplinary proceedings, and those are the headlines on elder 0 is or is a website alger 0 dot com has the basis on all of our top stories stay tuned. the stream is coming up. next is this time for the west to we think the best option for the ukraine, much of war, and what, what those options look like. what is us strategy when it comes to iran for almost

200 years, americans have generally been stuck with 2 political choices, but cannot ever change the quizzical look us politics the bottom line, the highest i me okay. on today's episode of the screen we are looking at this dean is all fitness where us sanctions, how selected have they been and who's been impacted? we stopped with former president, trump speaking on june the 10th how about with buying oil from venezuela? when i left that as well, it was ready to collapse. we would have take it over, we would have got all that oil. it would have been right next door for the president. trump saying the quiet bit out a loud. how impactful of sanctions, good policy to alter the just collectively punish an entire nations for the deeds

of that politicians. that is what we're talking about today on youtube. we are inviting you to be part of the conversation as well. the comment section is now nice. that's meet an expert gas joining us from denver, colorado francisco retreat. this is an economist, profess at the university of denver, as joseph coldwell school of international studies. joining us from once every day or guy is tamara, tara sick, bona director of the piece at the bell or of your program at the inter american dialogue. adding portion of d c. monica weiss brought mout is co director of the center for economic policy research in washington d. c. so monkey in a sentence 15 years of sanctions on venezuela. what do we have today? what spend the results as well the results, the biggest part of the result is the worst decline in you know, worse, depression,

really in the history of latin america is francisco. we'll talk about that. i think also these sanctions are a form of economic warfare and they mainly target the civilian population. and that's why they have an impact. uh, that's similar to actual wars. and a lot of people noticed, you know, representative jim mcgovern who was the chair of the house, a rules committee. when the democrats have the house, he wrote a letter to president button and he asked him to get rid of the sanctions as well. and he said that the sanctions that they had or industry a minute. and he said purposely so. so he explained how it was, as he said, the venezuelan official side, not the ones who were suffering, but the people. and it was actually that he explained, no, that was the purpose of the sanctions. and that is the purpose, i think. and it's illegal under treaties that we've signed and,

and it's terribly wrong. well, what's the purpose of the us sanctions best 15. yes. do you think there is 2 important points to sacrifice 1st, the different types of sanctions, those that are targeted against specific government officials have no impact whatsoever. and that to many 10 situation. but i believe we're talking here and what mark was referring to is like, is the economic sanctions that have an impact on the art sector? and what we have seen is that there is a problem with over compliance with sanctions and post by the us government that has made it harder for committed here in a to reach the country. however, i do think it's important to highlight that you might have tied institution and then as well that was pretty dire fee for the end position. the fraction just look at official data by the head ministry published by 11. it said on fridays in 2017, it shows that the previous year maternity mortality increased by 65 percent and

infant mortality had increased by 30 percent. and these statistics, which had not been made public for a long time, were made public by a health minister that was quickly is taken off often. so i do think we need to, but the impact of the us sanctions in context, in a situation that has had being dire before and continues to be dire and are due to over compliance with the set up tomorrow on youtube. one of us has pipe top immediately and says this is basically american economic co, washington. what would you say? fact to them? is that watching right now is this american collection? is that the whole point of sanctions on venezuela? i don't think that sanctions need to be or should be an end in and often says they should be a tool to try to improve conditions in the country. obviously if they have an impact on the humanitarian situation and on the people they have and,

and the fact that no one is going to support. however, in the end position in the lifting of sanctions can be unimportant solely to criminal with a transition to democracy. together with other tools, including for example, international accountability for grace, human rights violations that has been committed in minnesota. and which amount to crimes against you, man. francisco go ahead. sure, so, but as far as 100 going are the largest economy contraction ever document. ringback in any country outside of more time to contract and 72 percent of its income per capita, we're talking the equivalent of 3 great depressions. and what the evidence shows is that a large part of this contrast, it can be explained by economic sanctions. now it's not the totality of faith, but what we have to understand is that this economy is very highly dependent on oil revenues. 95 percent of the tech sports are or they are, they come from oil,

an oil exports. so a 93 percent decline and there has been several studies that have looked at the impact of sanctions on oil production. and they found a very significant ongoing production. so venezuela is we're right now as a result of such as now again sandra's are not the only driver and some arrows. absolutely right. that situation was very complicated and but as well uh before sanctions but actually, so definitely add it to do it. you already have try what was a large economic crisis in 2016 into all of the largest catastrophe that we've ever seen outside of more time. because this guy, i'm going to tell our audience that you'll the found of oil says venezuela. that's a non profit organization and you focused on finding you can finish the sentence here. what do you focused on finding a tiny solutions to that as well as the managerial process. in particular, we were focused on developing framework seconds or for them to go shared equipment . so they've been sol as government. and the opposition can find ways in which they

can address some of the countries most starting problems. for example, to an oil for a specialist program. that allows the country to we can access to us your panel of market uh with the condition that the resources that are produced as a result of those exports are oriented toward the attending the needs of, of, as well as under international supervision. all right, so i want to bring in this extra voice. we spoke of a to daniel d martino. and tomorrow i will have a listen to daniel. the respond immediately of the back of what he told us. here is the reason, but as well as in the terrible economic crisis at east da has nothing to do with us sanctions and everything to do with the terrible socialist policies the implemented, they took over people's businesses and destroyed private sector. so what else could we expect on forcing 7300000 people like myself or to flee our country? and so i really question the motives of members of congress are,

are fully for an age of sanctions. the don't affect the business one population because today he goes in food medicine cache. you can travel to venezuela because it's not the same as to the sanctions only for the groups of the top of the stronger country. and those should continue as well. i think, you know, things are not black and white and is that people will say there are different aspects, but impact on economic conditions and the situation, but an impact situation in the country. one that we haven't mentioned that i think is critical is the track record of mismanagement by and it's set on a hardy's that also has and then and it will be for the sanctions when the sit on the parties did have money. that was a consequence of selling oil, they didn't necessarily use it for the good of the people. and so there's actually no guarantees of that money would have been funded to actually support the united parents situation. and then in addition that a point they think is critical is history shows that the, so i'm sorry,

don't give confessions perfect. and that there needs to be leverage and generating incentives for that negotiation. that's an ethical, it's talking about between the opposition and government to actually happen to get them to sit back as the negotiated table to get them to agree to specific measures to help the people and to transition to democracy and then eventually to implement those agreement. so i think it's essential to push in that direction through i'm positive. that means including using sanctions. but i do think that the way they were presented by the company ministration, initially with the statement that options were on the table, including a possible military intervention, was definitely and i would have fun to push for a response in that would actually take minutes willa to democracy,

which is what we are look for as far as the scope it is what we look for is it for the us to impose democracy on of the nations on other countries or is it, is it for the us to, to make that decision? and then make sure can normally they call thrive if they don't follow what the us tells them today as well, i don't think it is, but i think that the rest of the contrast, the community doesn't think that it should be either there's something really important and sometimes overlook about sash or something. so which is that the us is the only country that has imposed economic sanctions on, but it's all that. and by that i mean sanctions, we're splitting that as well as sales are 4 sections. we're slipping, that as well as access to the global financial market. it's only the us you're a has been actually might be or this in rejecting economic sanctions and focusing only on personal sanctions. however, the us, despite being just one case of the world economy, is incredibly powerful because the us controls access to the us financial system

and towing capacity to carry out transactions in dollars and 80 percent of global transactions occur in dollars and us dollars at the current site so so, so basically what happens is that and, and wayne with us and for his actions, it's not just us saying you can't sell oil in my market. it's the us saying if there is a european for him, is punished for i'm a french for an indian for him or that besides to buy that as well. i know it was that besides to help sell that as well. and what else would that provide inputs for the best oil industry? we will sanction them also. ringback so they're sending credit and power and incredible force that's being used by the us. and i think what's really instructional about this is that absolutely no disagreement and fully in agreement with the us targeting individuals. think last my little himself and people in his routine, particularly those who uh, on which there is evidence that have been in full in human rights abuses and incorruption, but targeting to venezuela any time use something different talking to. but as long economy me is targeting vulnerable,

but as well it is that i think that there's something really wrong about saying we're going to hold that as low as hostage. we're going to hold the wellbeing of that as well as hosted on show my duty decide to change his mind and negotiate. i want to go to the us border and just bringing to migrants who have been forced for economic reasons to leave the country. this system speaking in early may and then i'm going to just bring back mount k, because if this is an infringement of international, the sanctions, i'm making people leave the country. then what happens? let's listen to my goods fast. the numbers. no, i have not. so it's about to, into myself in because many friends of turned themselves in unhappy insight into mexico and mexico. they are practically killing us several bills have been kidnapped into quantity one of the i don't want to go back to venezuela because if there's breakfast, there's no dinner. if there's lunch, there's no dinner. and there are no shoes for the children. for medicines,

people are dying and manly. i want to give my children a better quality of life. what can you explain why international is always being broken? yes. well, 1st of all, you have a whole set of treaties of the united states who assigned the un charter, the charter, the organization of american states, and the geneva conventions. oh, those prohibited the uses sanctions that target civilians that harms the things that kill. and i want to emphasize that they kill civilians are, you know, in the 1st year of sanctions, the mortality of venezuelans. and then trump sanctions from 2017, went up by 40 a by, by 40000 dest. okay? so it's tens of thousands of people that have died in these sanctions at a minimum, and that's just the 1st year. and so i think that this is really important. this is the most important thing to get away with this because most people don't realize

that you know, other people have, have admitted this. here's, here's my problem payable. okay, from a press conference when the associated press reporter asked of our sanctions going in venezuela. and he says, well, i think things are really going good for the venezuelan people. he said the humanitarian crisis is tightening by the hour. you can see the increasing pain and suffering of the venezuela people are suffering from that was his exact words. and this was, and he said the same thing about it wrong and they make it and he will, he didn't hide it. okay. for the truck administration. the purpose of these sanctions was to actually harm people and get them to uh, to overdraw their government, or at least get them out of office. so, oh, and that, that's what the sanctions do. and they know this and people of course will want to get rid of the sanctions. also know this, and it's pretty, it's pretty difficult to hide this. i think that that's one of the sections will

and is what everybody knows is, you know, just if i can give one example. a similar example you have in congress because you have now, for example, 21. a members of congress have signed a letter just may 1st saying and get rid of the sanctions. and this is the story i just haven't had before. 21 members of congress said, you know, i wrote a letter to the ministrations, get rid of the sanctions on venezuela and cuba. and they said why? because 1st of all they, they said all the things wrong. but they also said that you have the full over $400000.00 mileage at the border increase in the last uh uh, 6 months. and i'm sorry, in the last year 2022 is 4 or 414000. and that was a 361 percent increase of the migrants proven as well. and june. that's where there's 400000 k for. and so that's what you're so that, that's going to become an issue in the elections going forward. and i think that's

one of the reasons they wrote to, to buy them because they know very well and, and, and one of the coated, by the way, the lead and the letter was front of escobar, who's a co chair, binds campaigns. so it's a serious political issue as well. okay. i, i wanna bring in, i know that the silver, the presence of brazil q was meeting with the president of venezuela. quite recently tomorrow. i know you said that there were issues with governance before the sanctions were applied. this is what president the silver had to say about those issues. and how mature is dealing with the group by the need? is it his fault? no, it's the united states is bolt who made an extremely exaggerated blockade. i always say that a blockade is worse than war because in a war, usually soldiers in bottles died. blockade kills children. women, people who have nothing to do with the idea of logical dispute at play. you know,

so i dream of a currency different than the dollar. so we can negotiate plus between the countries who sell to us their products and who you buy from us for the different built of use quite well, what do you think has been a change in the past 15? yes. because of the sanctions on venezuela. a look, i think those statements, i president luna words very unfortunate and in that say need and you had other presidents including private and body to is also from center last explaining that there are serious concerns about the human rights situation in minnesota. so i, i think we can over simplify the set on prices and talk about whether it's on or isn't on the responsibility of the us sanctions that's playing into the narrative by then instead of patients that have typically blame someone else for issues for what you say are on the me and the size of the body. is it part of the responsibility of the us though?

would you acknowledge that partly responsible because um like whats turning up on the border of the us because they can't live, invite us we know anymore. so it's a some risk for migration crisis. the migration increases in minnesota started in 2014. i was in the, at the border interviewing people were leaving and they were leaving because of multiple reasons including, but many times situation before the crisis a was created by section. so i don't think it fact rates his name, the united states for everything i do see, i think as i said, that term policies included in professional economic sanctions has contributed in large part due to over on science. but i don't think this is about just blaming someone as there is uh, mike to the city of reasons for going to spell as prices and the spelling crisis has 3 dimensions. it's the refugee crisis. it's documented here in crisis. and it's the crash on, on defense that includes the precincts that i want to bring francisco. and what i

did ask you was what has been achieved. and i also want to add that those sanctions, us sections begin, began in 2006 like people turned off on the board in 2014 passing the same time night in a sentence was but 2 years before as 2014 at all. yeah. and the 14 is still yes, before the end, sufficient. that would be good. i'm extensions on minnesota, but i'm not here to defend the sanctions imposed by that united states. i just think we need to, inc. and i create a picture that includes the impact of factions, but is not necessarily the only reason why venezuela is in but this aspect situation, but it is today. okay, i'll leave out the question i'd like to so, so to my, i mean, yeah, the go ahead, i'll let you finish, send a version of the head. the hey i wanted to say is like, i don't think it. yeah. i think it's important to have this conversation because there is a perception of normalization about the situation and then as well that i think we

need to overcome and talk about the facts and not about narrative as president and the said in virginia recently in that video to show all right, uh, francisco. yeah. yeah. i don't think that there are some major disagreement on uh the diagnosis that sanctions have made an important contribution to them so, so you can on a crisis but are that they're not the sole determinants there. now, i would say now i also agree with them or that the relevance actions, the comic sashes were put in 2017. but we also have to understand that as well as a country that says it's highly dependent on over at least an oil prices, then anything that changes its over at lease is going to deeply impact that. so yes, the migration crisis started with. ready for us in 2014, as oil prices started collapsing, our prices fell from a $100.00 a barrel to $30.00 a barrel. any time investment in history in any other way of exporting countries, that's going to generate a major economic prices. and that's what happened between 20142016. now what

happens from 2017 on it's somewhat different because oil prices started recovering in 2017 and grew by 80 percent between uh that moment and 2018 and uh nevertheless, but as well as economy did not recover as of usually that when a request is, will cover, and that's because it's oil central was collapsing and there are some very strong evidence. it's published and, and, and many journals that scientists have had a very significant effect. but i do want to point out something here, which is which, which is really important. it relates to something that mark said there saw some very strong published evidence that sanctions happened, effect on mortality as he was saying. and it's not just one of the most well in case of cross national estimates indicate that essentially step is so it leads to an increase a to it because kind of 1.2 years in male life expectancy and francisco use in the mail. i just asked you to tech on living to this, i want to bring in a voice from venezuela thing to add to that concept to we are suffering here

because of the sanctions. this is michelle allen, the central freight team and posing that as well that has led to a sharp decline of national income, the deterioration of public services, and limited access to essential such as food and medicine. under such a harsh program, it will be difficult for any government, regardless of their ideology, define appropriate solutions. and even as dependence on government has implemented on was policies, the usaa rights when post middle functions. i mean in the us over 40000000 people live below the poverty level. well senator bowman, and that's one of the main sections for recording phases, corruption stations who in the section of the us recently president trump admitted that his policies towards venezuela were aimed at ceasing its oil. it is unacceptable for any nation to weather nice. their power goes less privilege. nations the suffering, the tactics like these have cost to innocent people as simply unforgivable smoke. you've got us started off in this conversation generally,

politically do sanctions work? well, i mean, the work is there. if the purpose is this, upon peo explained it to make people suffer and make the government more unpopular, but i want to focus or just one minute on the economics of this because i think this will clarify some of the yeah, we have one minute mark. so make it ok, we flip inbox or hyper inflation is it is a really big that's your, that's a huge part of this gigantic record decline in the venezuelan economy and that was caused by the sanctions. i. and you can see that because the typical hyper inflation in latin america since world war 2 is last is 4 months. and then as well as the last 3 years. and that's only after the sanctions, the why. i'm going to leave us with the voice of president the general who is hopeful that by 2024 when elections happen in venezuela, the sanctions will be lifted. have a list and have a look. but we'll have,

you have a lot of the work and also we are going to discuss because we want free elections, free of sanctions, free of unilateral coercive measures. the elections will be free of sanctions. there is no other option. that is the dilemma. do you want free fair and transparent elections then they must be elections free of sanction. leave it as long as the on it. thank you for your comments. so nature. if you as a sun k francisco, tamara, a mock something ton of our program today. appreciate you take care everybody. i'll see you next. news

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