also known as the blues, great. the time used when we see it twice in a single month. last time it was in january 2008. but i was too little to remember that the 1st superman of the year was in july and the 4th and last will be next month. but it will be more than a decade until the next super blue moon. many that seems like you as a way car leg out a 0. i'll walk around the whole again. i'm and this ron and don't have a detailed stories on allergies. they are on crowns of taken to the streets across cabal, and to celebrate them of the trees taken to the ministry latest have named general bruce a leaky in game i. as transitional lead to the african union and fonts have condemned the crew already eaten, did not please general bruce illegally. and grandma has been unanimously appointed president of the committee for the transition and restoration of institutions. the

transitional president was the general a lead in gramma orders the reconnection of the internet and the re establishment of international television and radio broad costs as in gabon. additionally, the transitional president insists on the maintenance of peace and calm and beautiful country. the honda has placed the deposed lead on the house arrest. ali baba has appealed for health from his supporters and the international community have a kind of daily it has weakened into a tropical storm as it moves north of the us state of south carolina. it's caused widespread flooding and damage in florida in georgia. at least 3 people have been killed in storm related incidents. president joe biden says the government has helped him with relief efforts. tried to change on the ground are going to continue to work with the 1st responders in florida, georgia, south carolina, north carolina, to get people to safety. you've all been reporting this issue, not television or number of rescues already taken place. as i walked out of my

office a moment ago to begin to recover from the impacts of the storm, shirley and president gabrielle voltage has lots to search a plan to fund the remains of papers who disappeared during the ministry of august of tennessee. it is the 1st time since the end of the pen, a shared regime in 1990, that the government has evolved to find the forcibly disappeared. thousands of people in prison, tortured and killed. you can a chaise. 17 years in power on lucas have been treated to arrest size across the world. the biggest and very just moving if the yeah. it's called the blue system moon and it's the closest it's being to our planets so far this year. as it moves around us over at the turn, blue moon refers to the rare occurrence of a 2nd full moon and the calendar of month, the next to suit the blue moon won't occur until 2037. well, those are the headlines on algio to stay with us. the stream is coming up next,

spelling of the stories that we cover, a highly complex. so it's very important that we make them as understandable as we can to as many people's as possible no matter how much they know about a given crises. so issue the smell of that is all over power. as long as it recall respondents, that's where we strive to do the high i 70 ok. you're watching the stream. and today's episode we also question all humans alone in the universe. ivy nov is a professor of science at harvard university. he joins us to talk about that, but to get us subject to off his new book, extra terrestrial, the 1st sign of intelligent life beyond us. i have been reading this book from my research. i study to turn down the pages whenever i found anything interesting and we all the page is turned down. i know you will have questions as well. jump into

the youtube comment section. i need to, you could be part of today's discussion. reasons for me to buy this book. basically it's like brain candy is like junk food for the brain because there's always doesn't that again, question. what is out there? we may never know about to have the stall, the experience that is always try something new to me has been to me ever since a little child. i'm 49 years old now. so i'm an old fart, but i still love science. um, it keeps the mind going and it keeps it wondering, and that's where this comes into play. it still keeps you monitoring. it doesn't have all the answers, but it is full full thought. oh, that's one way to make, i guess smile, professor low, welcome to the strings. so get to see you who they need to write your book for.

who is it for as well. thank you for having me. um, i wrote the book uh for the young generation uh who i hope will occupied the hordes before continuing the future because young people do not carry a prejudice. they don't carry biases, the patch to their ego as much as senior people are. and frankly, i told the publisher that the paid person around the world with the side to become assigned is this. after reading my book, i would be satisfied it. so happened that the a couple of weeks ago i received an e mail from by law. we offer a copy from a woman that said that your book is great. i am contemplating becoming an astronomer after reading it and that that made me suddenly spied already. there was another one from columbia in latin america, an undergraduate student who said that reading about your change my life. there was another one from a lawyer in palo alto who said see me nothing. so i'm,

i'm quite satisfied. the fact suddenly i am looking at an article that you write, why do we assume extra terrestrials might want to visit us? so here's the question that a lot of people are wondering if a new ones in your book are we allowed the right. and that my suspicion is that we are not that the in fact the things like us exist the for be also appears because most stars form b. this appears before the sun. and the sun is a typical star and half of the sun like stars have planted the size of the earth roughly at the same separation. so if you arrange for similar circumstances, you might as well get see me in our outcomes. i don't think that's we're special. i don't think that we deserve special attention. like many other people think. you know, when my daughters were young, they were at home and they felt very high yield themselves. they felt that they

must be, you know, the smartest thing, the world that they are, the center of the world. but then when we took them to the kindergarten, they realized are small other kids around and our civilization. we much sure. once we meet others, we tend to think very highly of par. so, you know, the ancient greek philosopher are historical suggested that we are the center of the universe, and people believed him for a 1000 years until that copernicus and w l realize that the earth moves around the sun and it's still to get why before people accept that so i think you, we are not at the center of anything and we should look out and find the others. i'm just looking here has 9 who's saying who is watching you right now. and youtube says, of course the is intelligent life. but you'll notice of how could we be the only ones? what i am wondering though professor is our exposure to science fiction of many

years. and how that impacts even how is how scientists view the idea of extra terrestrial life. what does that do? all right, so science fiction, i think place a very important roylene expanding our imagination as to what we might expect out there. i have a problem with most of the story lines in science fiction. i'm not the fan of science fiction. i'm a fan of science or fiction separately but, but they do value that the fact that science fiction expands, how are our horizons? the reason i, i don't like many of the story lines is because they violate the laws of physics very often. but then the other side is because of the tension of the public, the science fiction and to reports about identity, but flying objects and so forth. they shy away from discussing this topic. they say, you know, it's it to popular. 1 or it's controversial, we don't want to, to discuss the, the toilet. my point is simply, you know,

if you go back to ancient history, there were people claiming that the human body has a solar and that we should not engage in anatomy and imaginative scientists would say, oh, the subject of the human body is controversial as some people claim it has a source, i'm not that we don't want to discuss the just like the response to, to science fiction. what would happen with mold in madison? where would we be? i think and what science has an obligation to attend to a topic that is of great interest to the public and clear and stop using the scientific method using equipment, telescopes that we have. are we the smartest kid on the block? you know, that's a very fundamental question. christopher shop has a question for you, professor. have a listen. have a look, a huge fan of yours. i believe that you're installing a new generation of sciences to, to leave for

a curiosity without searing stevens from the scientific community. my question relates to us as soon as you may know us government is actively investigating us size of these take you to sit on that seriously. i think what is your opinion on us size? how does it cost to you by us government to help them in their investigations? what would your thoughts the yes, that's an excellent question. um and um, what i think we should rely on is really the very best in cameras, in audio sense. those that we have a tower uh, hands right now, rather than on or 3 quotes from the pentagon, that they're being declassified. because they were not using the very best instruments and they're based on possibly on the eye witness testimonies. it's always why the us government was classifying these reports because there was always

the concern that they might represent technologies but other nations because this and the polls the and national security risk. but then from the point of view of science, what we would like to understand these other unusual phenomena that represent perhaps something else. and for that purpose, or we need to do is deployed the very best cameras and all of us then source in the same locations and record everything. we see, you see sciences about reproducibility of results. you have to reproduce resides, you know, the, to believe them. there is the, on biblical story of the abraham that i heard the voice of god and that the told him to sacrifice his only son isaac. and that, you know, it's abraham head, the cellphone, with a voice memo up. you could have press the button and record the voice of golden, then we would or believe it. but given the fact that you didn't have a cell phone,

we have to decide whether we believe this testimony or not. and i think, you know, it's much better to focus on how we get reliable evidence in the future, rather than look at the documents that were based on or the equipment. and i'm very open minded. if i'm asked to leave a group of people that will perform scientific experiments in the same locations recording this guy, i'm looking for unusual for not what else i would be very interested in checking this out. you know, it's just the way we do science. we look for every been squared guided by evidence, and we should not be guided by prejudice. i love to eat, talk about looking for unusual phenomena which brings me to something that was spotted in 2017, that something is on my laptop, surrounded by a little blue. so cool. professor, for those of us who a new to this, tell us what feel seeing what they're seeing. what you'll hi prophecies is that

this is yeah, this is an old check. the 1st one that was discovered near the arrows that came from outside the solar system. it's sort of like finding an object in your backyard that came from the street. and you may have taken a long time to get here and it saves you the trip of going to the street and figuring out what's going up there. and this is the very 1st one that we, ne, in our be city. it was given the name of long walk because it was discovered by telescope in hawaii. and that one more means this code in the hawaiian language and its 1st astronomers sold. well, it must be just like the rocks we have seen before in the solar system, either a comment or last choice. the problem was that it didn't have any comments sorry to know gas or dust around it. and they also,

as it was spinning around every 8 hours, its brightness changed by a factor of 10. and that implied that he has a very extreme shape, most likely flat, so pancake shape. so it's just like a piece of paper tumbling in the wind. and then exhibited an excess push away from the sun that can only be explained in tom saw a reflection of sunlight pushing it. and in september of 2020, we saw another object that exhibited the same kind of push by reflecting sunlight and no comment. the retain dell saw the back old jack, which was called 2020 s o is actually at rocket booster that we launch the 1966 and the and their mission. and we know that we produce the artificially. the question is, who produced more more? so let me put that question back to you, because this is why that's been such

a big scientific to say around you asking who purchased a mover? because you are saying, possibly, professor feeling the black and alien civilization of technology goes to playstation. you know, for the past 70 years we've been searching for radio signals and we didn't get any that's just like trying to have a phone conversation. you need the counterpart to be alive. we cannot have a phone conversation with the minds. we've been mind culture because it's not the wrong anymore, but we can find the evidence that deep exist. ready in archaeological digs, we can find relics that they left behind and the much the same way we can do space archaeology. we can look for equipment that was sent into space. just like we sent voyager, one voyager to new horizons and its floating audience space every now and then that would be a piece of equipment that we will discover in our vicinity. it's just like walking

on the beach and every now and then seeing a plastic buckle among the rocks that the naturally produced. and of course, the way to tell the difference between a plastic bottle and then rock in space is to send the spacecraft that we come close to it and take a close up for the rock. they say a picture is worth a 1000 words. any my case, the picture is what 66000 was, the number of words in my book. so, professor, you saw a extremely logical right now, but you started up a huge storm of control the sea. and all the scientists said, with quite a lot of determination that you salute me wrong, and you'll have policies. let me introduce you to one of them. this is taken as the representative of the afternoon book community myself and many other disagree with doctor laws. just asked me to buy more and more as an extraterrestrial space for

the science just isn't there? yes, my is from interstellar said yes, it has an odd shape. yes. and experience 9 gravitational acceleration as about by her sons. but all of these things have natural explanations. collision between planetary bodies are very common in the universe and nitrogen. now, gassing has been shown to be a viable explanation for why um, we're more accelerated other passed by our son. so what i think we're really looking at is just a visiting chunk of another solar system. right, so the, we're various suggestions, but the more am wise and natural object and the, the latest one among them is and nitrogen. iceberg hypothesis that it's an object made of fewer nitrogen and the before that, that was suggesting that it's an object made of fewer hydrogen and we just come see the comb at $32.00 because it's transparent for hydrogen. the problem is that we

showed you didn't a significant paper that it would have buffering very quickly and object of the size of a football field. we did not last very long and couldn't survive the journey for nitrogen iceberg. and let's say i bought this book was published just a week ago. i'm currently writing a paper showing that you just kind of make enough of them to explain more more. that would be too few by orders of magnitude compared to what you need from a population that whose members are abundant enough to explain and object like that . because if you think about it, the idea is that it's a chunk of frozen nitrogen that you can make on the surface of planets like brutal, which are you know, small components in the solar system. and so the chance of that's happening is really small. let's do a cheap off the surface of a planet like prudel and that you have enough polluters for every star. what do you

need those files and so through those for every star such that you have enough chunks of nitrogen to explain more more. and then the other i pull up this is that maybe it's a cloud of dust particles that these a 100 times less dense than air. the problem we've got is, as it gets close to the sun, means we'd be heated by hundreds of degrees. and then it will not maintain its integrity. so. 1 all of these natural explanations invoke something that we have never seen before. and my point is simple if we invoke something but we've never seen before. we must keep on the table the possibility, but it's artificially in origin. and the fact that this is controversial just reflects on my colleagues not on me. i'm just following this bundle. i think the big procedure of what i put or possibilities on the table without prejudice or fast . i feel like i just experience what it is like to have a trash talk from a professor of science, harvard university, that has with

a lot of control to see that continues a new series that your work has inspired one of them. and you just mentioned this one, this is from the smithsonian magazine, oh they share this, this new series suggesting that more and more is a nitrogen ice pancake. we spoke to professor of a, just a physics who actually subscribes to this. now i would love you when i, when i play this to explain what he's us going and telling gene you on before you replying to it. because it's a little complicated. have a look, have a nice a. i've been funded by nasa for a long time to help to buy strategies for looking for alien life on x on planets. and it's by trying to understand that you kind of go cycles on these planets and eliminating false positives. and every astronomer i've worked with, we're all confident that we're going to find evidence of alien life, maybe even within our lifetimes. but we know that we're going to do this by

eliminating false positives and the same with the we have to eliminate all the natural explanations. first know, responsible scientist is going to look at a home away and say it's alien technology. if there are reasonable natural explanations, like an enterprise fragment off of the trunk of the next up some to, to yes, so it's a steven is one of the authors. so the recent 2 papers that were published last week, arguing, but maybe one more more, is it sean coles fuel nitrogen. and for the scenario to work, you cannot allow carbon, for example, to be associated with that, the ice there, because the spits a space telescope with very tight limits on any carbone based molecules in the vapor that's come, came out of it. what if it tall? uh so there was no carbone and the claim is ok, maybe it's just pure nitrogen and one environment where you find your nitrogen with

very little carbone is the surface off. pluto, a very thin veneer. uh, you know, less than a percent of the mass of fluids all on the surface is made of pure nitrogen. so the proposal is that you just scrape off the surface of fluids. are like planets around the stars. you create shikes and what we are seeing is the 1st in this that are old jack a more, more was one of these chunks. the thing that you have to keep in mind is we have never seen and nitrogen object in the solar system. so we have the sol code or cloud of, you know, about to be on objects larger than manhattan. 9 in there is in the periphery of the solar system in or thousands of those examples of objects that we saw from that environment of the solar system. where made off, i see rocks, you know,

the kind of things we find on their rocks, including carbone, including water on their stuff is in the form of ice. and that's what we've seen. thousands of times we've never seen and nitrogen fuel nitrogen chunk. and then do you know, so it's something that we have never seen before and we're supposed to believe that more than anything occupationally dismissed occupation supposed to be the based on that. and the other thing is, you know, carbon and nitrogen are produced in stars by the same process. and usually, you know, there is one example open nitrogen, reach out a comment that we have seen that the, all sorts of these paper are mentioning in that one actually shows also evidence for carbon. so iris by case whenever, you know, typically you get carbon together with nitrogen, then why would you scrape off the surfaces off blue to like object and create the

vast majority of things that are objects this way, right? this is a special fraction of interest in our object this way. rather than have the majority of them being rocks like refine the surface of what i'm saying is we look at our back yard. yeah, we see rocks, then you tell me, oh, in the streets there are very different type of pull jacks, actually, nitrogen pure. and i say ok, but maybe you know, that's a possibility, but it's certainly not an appealing possibility that we show our own is this picture. this is gala layer, the italian astronomer. it was a physicist. he was a philosopher as well going up against the church. the church was furious at his idea of, well as so the system looked like he was right. they were wrong. you mentioned this in your book a, you a modern day got a la as well. that's a good question that you know, it really depends on the response of the community. i am just the 2nd basketball

players. i keep my eyes on the board, not on the audience. i don't care how many likes they have on tweet there and what the response of, you know, the personal attacks that people a long shift me, the 3 is irrelevant because we have, we have to look at the evidence and if it looks on the molars and the artificial origin appears to be more likely than things that we have never seen before. then i advocate for that. once we get some more, it'd be best. i basically say, let's take a photograph of the next subject that would be looking as we are. that's what we will learn something new, no matter what, because even the natural origin. uh, ideas like the one we just heard about the nitrogen iceberg. even they talk about something that we've never seen before. so that must be factories of objects that we have never seen before. let's figure them out by getting more heavy that's, that's my advocacy. and the only reason we would not get the evidence is if you

listen to those people that say, you know, it's always rocks. it's never aliens. to me they remind me of a cave man that plays with drops off his life and been presented with a cellphone and are doing assessment must be just the professor. you just insulted so many of your peers and colleagues. i am enjoying this and mentally silent on youtube, says remaining skeptical is so important. rich said, if we knew the truth about aliens, it would change everything that we've learned. one more thoughts. yeah. and that is the idea of from somebody he says, what should we expect from the future? will extra terrestrial life ever come to visit us? hit on our us and stop stories of very quick salt professor, because we're right at the end of the show. and i'm going to give you one minutes, go ahead. it's very important. it's a very important question. and that enrico certainly assemblies physicists us. where is everybody?

you know, i think it's presumptuous best to expect them to be the task. we should go out and search for them. we are not that significant. we are most important. it reminds me of that. the friends of my wife when i met her, they were waiting for breeze charming on the white horse to come and make them a marriage proposal. it never happened. we should expect the, you know, of others to appreciate the us, we should go out and search. and you know, frankly, we are born into this world, like actors put on the stage. we saw the script. the 1st thing to check is other, other actors around me, ask them what the play is about that in case i want to professor ave, you know, extra terrestrial, the 1st lot of intelligent life beyond of that is he's new book. it is extremely controversial enjoying taking into that and then come to your own conclusions professor of a lot of different thing on the string today. really enjoyed your company signing off. so you next time. thanks for watching everybody

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