detention sells to return home every day. we still dream of uniting with them. the buying of those government has dismissed the allegation as false and fabricated. and government ministers have repeatedly failure to respond to the concerns raised by the un, the us and other foreign governments from the judge rate of this data doctor the without a 0. these are all top stories, and then it tree need is, and these have removed from us the community from the french, from boss of the, of the oldest police to a victim. the french government says it doesn't have the or 40 to expel. so then it's a president, south africa, it's describing the fire that killed thousands of people in johannesburg as a great tragedy. at least 70 people died in the early morning, plays in the city center. a 5 story building which had been abandoned, was home to many illegal occupants. i have set up the stuff

in a building that said on the streets as well as far in the philippines has killed at least 15 people. 3 of us were able to escape the blazing crabs on such a building contains both a factory and humans. the bones main opposition has also just finished the vote count from se presidential election, military seized power officer. it was announced that present long ago had won a set time. the middle to says, the general is general recently. great and game will be sworn in as transitional lead to on monday, or at least 10 people have been killed during

a protest outside the united nations peace keeping base and government and east of democratic republic of congo. soldiers attempted to stop, apply and protest by religious groups, demanding the peacekeepers. leave the country upon us in an driver and is rarely sold. you have been killed in the occupied westbank. witnesses say a small congo vehicle drove into soldiers that a check pointing to ramallah to all the is there any troops were injured? the driver was chased down on shelves. and how can it all it has weakens to a tropical storm as it moves northeast towards the us states of south and north carolina. and these 3 people were killed in the widespread flooding damage in florida. i'm georgia. your state now with all the headlines more than a website, challenges or adult calm. the stream is next. we know what's happening in our region. we know have to get some places that others tend on fear. guy buys and put a youth on purpose as far as

the way that you tell the story is what can make a difference. the hi, i'm sorry. yeah. okay. you're watching the stream. and today's episode we all the question. all humans alone in the universe, ivy nov is a professor of science at home, but university. he joins us to talk about that, but to get a subject plus his new book extra terrestrial, the 1st sight of intelligent life beyond us. i have been reading this book from my research. i study to turn down the pages whenever i found anything interesting. and we all the page is turned down. i know you will have questions as well. jump into the youtube comment section. i need to get this part of today's discussion. the reasons for me to buy this book. basically it's like brighten. candy is like junk

food for the spring because there's always doesn't that again, question. what is out there? we may never know about to have these products. veterans that is always tried sending it to me has been to me, ever since i was a child. i'm 31 years old now, so i'm an old fart, but i still love science, but it keeps the mind going and it keeps it wondering, and that's where this comes into play. it still keeps you monitoring. it doesn't have all the answers, but it is for thought, oh, that's one way to make, i guess smile, professor low, welcome to the strings. so get to see you who they need to write your book for. who is it for? well, thank you for having me. um, i wrote the book uh for the younger generation uh who i hope will occupied the

hordes before continuing the future because young people do not carry it prejudice . they don't carry biases, the patch to their ego as much as the senior people are. and frankly, i told the publisher of the, the paid person around the world with the side to become assigned is this. after reading my book, i wouldn't be satisfied. it's so happened that the a couple of weeks ago i received an email from by law. we offer a copy from the woman that said that your book is great. i am contemplating becoming an astronomer after reading it. and that, that made me suddenly spied already, there was another one from columbia. i left in america an undergraduate student who said that reading about your change, my life. uh, there was another one from a lawyer in palo alto who said, so you may not think so i'm, i'm quite satisfied the fact suddenly i am looking at an article that you write, why do we assume extra terrestrials might want to visit us. so here's the question

that a lot of people are wondering in a new ones in your book, are we allowed the right and that my suspicion is that we are not the in fact that things like us exist the for videos of years because most stars form be disappears before the sun and the sun is a typical star and half of the sun like stars have planted the size of the earth roughly at the same separation. so if you arrange for similar circumstances, you might as well get so you meet our outcomes. i don't think that we're special. i don't think that we deserve special attention. like many other people think. you know, when my daughters, where young uh, they were at home and they thought very highly of themselves. they felt that they must be, you know, the smartest in the world, that they are the center of the world. but then when we took them to the kindergarten, they realized are small other kids around and our civilization. we mature. once we

meet others, we tend to think very highly of our stuff. you know, the ancient greek philosopher are historical suggested that we are the center of the universe. and people have believed him for a 1000 years until that copernicus and guy will realize that the moves around the sun and it still took a while before people accepted that. so i think you, we are not at the center of anything and we should look out and find the others. i'm just looking here has 9 who's saying who is watching you right now. and youtube says, of course, the is intelligence lies beyond this of how could we be the only ones? what i am wondering though, professor, is our exposure to science fiction of many years and how that impacts even how is how scientists view the idea of extra terrestrial life. what does that do? all right, so science fiction, i think, plays

a very important roylene expanding our imagination as to what we might expect out there. i have a problem with most of the story lines in science fiction. i'm not the fan of science fiction. i'm a fan of science or fiction separately but, but i do value that the fact that science fiction expands har, our horizons. the reason i don't like many of the story lines is because they violate the laws of physics very often. but the other side is because of the tension of the public, the science fiction and do reports about unlike dizzy but flying objects and so forth. they shy away from discussing this topic. they say, you know, it's it to popular. 1 or it's controversial, we don't want to discuss the, the toilet. my point is simply, you know, if you go back to ancient history, there were people claiming that the human body has a solar and that we should not engage in anatomy. and imagine the scientist would

say, oh, the subject of the human body is controversial, as some people claim it has a source. i'm not that we don't want to discuss the just like the response to, to science fiction. what would happen with mold in medicine? where would we be? i think, and part of science has an obligation to attend to a topic that is of great interest to the public and clear and stop using the scientific method using equipment, telescopes that we have. are we the smartest people in the block? you know, that's a very fundamental question course. if a shop has a question for you, professor, have a listen. have a look, a huge fan of yours. i believe that you're installing a new generation of scientists to, to leave for a curiosity without searing stevens from the scientific community. my question relates to us as soon as you write down the us government is actively

investigating. and these take it seriously. i think what is your opinion of us size as it cost to you by the us government to help them in their investigations? what would your thoughts the yes, that's an excellent question. um and um, what they think we should rely on is really the very best. the cameras in audio sense, those that we have a tower uh, hands right now, rather than on or the reports from the pentagon, that they're being the classified. because they were not using the very best instruments and they're based on possibly on the eye witness testimonies. it's obvious why the us government was classifying these reports because there was always the concern that they might represent technologies, but other nations was this and the polls the and national security risk. but then

from the point of view of science, what we would like to understand these other unusual phenomena that represent perhaps something else. and for that purpose, or we need to do is deployed the very best cameras and audio since are in the same locations and record of everything. we see human sciences about reproducibility or results you have to reproduce resides in order to believe that there is the on the blink on story of the abraham that i heard the voice of god, and that the told him to sacrifice his only son isaac. and that, you know, it's abraham head, the cellphone, with a voice memo up. you could have press the button and record the voice of golden, then we would or believe it. but given the fact that you didn't have a cell phone, we have to decide whether we believe this testimony or not. and i think, you know, it's much better to focus on how we get reliable evidence in the future. rather

than look at the documents that were based on or the equipment, and i'm very open minded if i'm asked to leave a group of people that will perform scientific experiments in the same locations, recording the sky and looking for. i'm usually not or not. i wouldn't be very interested in checking this out. you know, it's just the way we do science. we look for every been squared guided by evidence, and we should not be guided by prejudice. i love to eat, talk about looking for unusual phenomena which brings me to something that was spotted in 2017, that something is on my laptop, surrounded by a little blue. so cool. professor, for those of us who are new to this, tell us what feel seeing what they're seeing. what you'll have prophecies is that this is a, yeah, this is an old jack. the 1st one that was discovered near the arrows that came from

outside the solar system. it felt like finding an object in your backyard that came from the street. and it may have taken a long time to get here, and it saves you the trip of going to the street and figuring out what's going up there. and this is the very 1st one that we, ne, in our be city. it was given the name of long walk because it was discovered by telescope in hawaii, and that one more means to scouting the hawaiian language. and its 1st astronomers thought, well, it must be just like the rocks we have seen before in the solar system. either a comment or last choice. the problem was that you didn't have any comments sorry to know gas or dust around it. and they also, as it was spinning around every 8 hours, it's brightness changed by a factor of 10. and that imply that it has a very extreme shape, most likely flat,

so pancake shape. so it's just like a piece of paper tumbling in the wind and then exhibited an excess push away from the sun that can only be explained in tom saw a reflection of sunlight pushing it. and in september of 2020, we saw another object that exhibited the same kind of push by reflecting sunlight and no commentary. tales, dell saw the bucko jack, which was called 2020 s o is actually a rocket booster that we launch the 1966. and the luna and their mission and we know that we produce the artificially the question is co produced or more more? ok. so let me so that questions that to you, because this is why that's been such a big scientific debate around you asking who purchased a more. because you are saying, possibly professor feeling the black and alien civilization,

that technology goes to be like session. you know, for the past 70 years we've been searching for radio signals and we didn't get any that's just like trying to have a phone conversation. you need the counterpart to be a lie. we cannot have a phone conversation with the mayans with the mind culture because it's not the wrong anymore. but we can find the evidence that deep existed in archaeological beaks. we can find relics that they left behind. and the much the same way we can do space archaeology, we can look for equipment that was sent into space just like we spent voyager, one voyager to new horizons and its floating audience space every now and then that would be a piece of equipment that we will discover in our vicinity. it's just like walking on the beach and every now and then seeing a plastic bottle among the rocks that the naturally produced. and of course, the way to tell the difference between a plastic bottle and then rock in space is to send the spacecraft that we come

close to it and take a close up for the rock. they say a picture is worth a 1000 words. any my case of victories was 66000 words. the number of words in my book. so professor, you saw a extremely logical right now, but you started up a huge storm of control the sea and all the scientists said i was quite a lot of determination that you salute me wrong. and you'll have prophecies. let me introduce you to one of them. this is caitlin. as the representative of the afternoon book community myself, and many other disagree with doctor laws assessment of a more a more as an extraterrestrial space through the science just isn't there? yes. oh my is from interstellar said, yes, it has an odd shape. yes. and experience 9 gravitational acceleration as about by

our son's. but all of these things have natural explanations. collision between planetary bodies are very common in the universe and nitrogen. now, gassing has been shown to be a viable explanation for why um, we're more accelerated other passed by our son. so what i think we're really looking at do just a visiting chunk of another solar system. right, so the we're various suggestions but the more am wise and natural object and the, the latest one among them is an nitrogen iceberg hypothesis. but it's an object made of fewer nitrogen and the before that, that was suggesting that eats an object made of fewer hydrogen. and we just come see the comment $32.00 because it's transparent for hydrogen. the problem is that we show the didn't a significant paper the buffering very quickly and object of the size of a football field. we did not last very long and couldn't survive the journey for

nitrogen iceberg. and let's say i bought this book was published just a week ago. i'm currently writing a paper showing that you just can't make enough of them to explain no more more. that would be too few by orders of magnitude compared to what you needs from a population that whose members are abundant enough to explain and object like that . because if you think about it, the idea is that it's a chunk of frozen nitrogen that you can make on the surface of planets like brutal, which are, you know, a small component in the solar system. and so the chance of that's happening is really small. let's do a chip off the surface of a planet like brutal and that you have enough polluters for every star. what do you need those files and stuff through those for every star such that you have enough chunk, so nitrogen to explain what and then the other a port. this is the,

maybe it's a cloud of dust particles, but these a 100 times less dense than air. the problem we've got is, as it gets close to the sun means we'd be heated by hundreds of degrees and then it will not maintain its integrity. so. 1 all of these natural explanations invoke something that we have never seen before. and my point is simply if we invoke something but we've never seen before, we must keep on the table the possibility that it's artificially in origin. and the fact that this is controversial just reflects on my colleagues, knock on me, i'm just following this bundle. i think the big procedure of what i put or possibilities on the table without prejudice assess. i feel like i just experience what it is like to have a trash talk from a professor of science, harvard university, that has with a lot of control to see that continues a new series that your work has inspired one of them. and you just mentioned this

one, this is from the smithsonian magazine, oh they share this, this new series suggesting that a more more is a nitrogen ice pancake. we spoke to professor of a, just a physics who actually subscribes to this. now i would love you when i, when i play this to explain what he is us thing and telling gene you on before you replying to it. because it's a little complicated. have a look, have a nice a. i can find it by nasa for a long time to help to buy strategies for looking for alien life on x on planets. and it's by trying to understand that you kind of go cycles on these planets and eliminating false positives. and every stronger i've worked with were all confident that we're going to find evidence of alien life, maybe even within our lifetimes. but we know that we're going to do this by eliminating false positives and the same with the we have to lemonade all the natural explanations. first know, responsible scientist is going to look at

a home away and say it's alien technology. if there are reasonable natural explanations, like an end to ice fragment off of the trunk of the next up some to yes. so it is, stephen is one of the authors. so the recent 2 papers that were published last week, arguing, but maybe one more more, is it sean coles fuel nitrogen. and for the scenario to work, you cannot allow carbon, for example, to be associated with that the ice there. because the spits a space telescope with very tight limits on any carbone based molecules in the vapor that's come, came out of it or more, more if it's tall. uh so there was no carbone and the claim is ok, maybe it's just pure nitrogen and one environment where you find your nitrogen. we live very little carbone is the surface off. pluto, a very thin veneer. uh, you know, less than

a percent of the mass of fluids all on the surface is made of pure nitrogen. so the proposal is that you just scrape off the surface of fluids. are like planets around the other stars. you create shikes and what we are seeing is the 1st in this, that our old jack moore, moore, was one of these chunks. the thing that you have to keep in mind is we have never seen an nitrogen object in the solar system. so we have the sol code or cloud of, you know, about to be on objects larger than manhattan, 9 in this, in the periphery of the solar system and or thousands of those examples of objects that we saw from that environment of the solar system. where made off, i see rocks, you know, the kind of things we find on their rocks, including carbone,

including water on their stuff is in the form of ice. and that's what we've seen. thousands of times we've never seen and nitrogen fuel nitrogen chunk. and then do you know, so it's something that we have never seen before, and we're supposed to believe that more than anything occupational and dismissed occupational possibility based on that. and the other thing is, you know, carbon and nitrogen are produced in stars by the same process. and usually, you know, there is one example open, nitrogen rich, a comment. but we have seen that the all source of these paper are mentioning in that one actually shows also evidence for carbon. so iris by case whenever, you know, typically you get carbon together with nitrogen, then why would you scrape off the surfaces off blue to like object and create the vast majority of things that are objects this way, right? this is a special fraction of interest in our object this way, rather than have the majority of them being rocks like refine the surface of what

i'm saying is we look at our back yard and we see rocks. then you tell me, oh, in the streets there are very different type of quote jacks, actually, nitrogen pure. and i say ok, but maybe you know, that's a possibility, but it's certainly not an appealing possibility that we show our own is this picture. this is gala layer, the italian astronomer. he was a physicist, he was a philosopher as well going up against the church. the church was furious at his idea of, well as so the system looked like he was right. they were wrong. you mentioned this in your book a new, a modern day. got a la as well. that's a good question that you know, it really depends on the response of the community. i am just just like basketball players, i keep my eyes on the ball. nothing the audience, i don't care how many likes they have on twitter and what the response of,

you know, the personal attacks that people a long shift me, the 3 is irrelevant because we have, we have to look at the evidence and if it looks on the molars and the artificial origin appears to be more likely than things that we have never seen before. then i advocate for that once we get some more heavy this i, i basically say let's take a photograph of the next subject that would be looking us, we and that's what we will learn something new. no matter what, because even the natural origin ideas like the one we just heard about the nitrogen iceberg. even they talk about something that we've never seen before. so there must be factories of objects that we've never seen before. let's figure them out by getting more heavy that's, that's my advocacy. and the only reason we would not get those over those is if you listen to those people that say, you know, it's always rocks. it's never aliens. to me they remind me of a caveman that plays with drops all of his life and been presented with

a cellphone and are doing a cellphone. it must be just the professor. you have just insulted so many of your peers and colleagues, i am enjoying this and mentally silent on youtube, says remaining skeptical is so important. where it says, if we knew the truth about aliens, it would change everything that we've learned. one more thoughts. yeah. and that is the idea of from somebody he says, what should we expect from the future? will extra terrestrial life ever come to visit us here on our us and not stories of very quick. so professor, because we're right at the end of the show, and i'm going to give you one minutes, go ahead. it's very important. it's a very important question and that enrico certainly assemblies physicists us. where is everybody? you know, i think it's presumptuous best to expect them to be the task. we should go out and search for them. we are not that significant. we are most important. it reminds me of the,

the friends of my wife when i met her. they were waiting for breeze charming on the white horse to come and make them a marriage proposal. it's never happened. we should expect the, you know, of others to appreciate us. we should go out and search, and you know, frankly, we are born into this world, like actors put on the stage. we felt the script. the 1st thing to check is other, other actors around me, ask them what the play is about that in case i want to professor ave, you know, extra terrestrial, the 1st lot of intelligent life beyond of that is he's new book. it is extremely controversial enjoying thinking into that and then come to your own conclusions. professor, i've a lot of different thing on the string today. really enjoyed your company signing off. so you next time. thanks for watching everything. the,

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