to landscape, connects with our community and talking to conversations you will find elsewhere to take every day. this is going to unspeakable har as to really alone about what's happening because of the tasks and media attention. the stream on out just the or the hello until mccrae. this is counting. the cost announces there are you weekly, looked at the world of business and economics. this week the world's population is shrinking rapidly, but the baby boom is predicted so many developing nations will become a graphic shift, affects the global economy. cracking down on the take monopolies us an e u rate devices take i'm, it's fixed. john's a big question. the competition on staying ahead of the arrivals. women, one tips,

the technology jobs. the agenda, inequality, gap intersect is narrowing across advanced economies. but when will it be breached the screen described as a demographic catastrophe. salons that medical journal booms that the majority of countries do not have high enough for timothy rides to sustain the population size by the end of the century. and the right of the decline is on even with some developing nation. seeing a baby boom. let's shift could have 5 reaching social and economic impacts. massive population growth since the industrial revolution has put enormous pressure on the planets, limited resources. so how does the dropping boots affect the economy? we would take more into this without gas, but 1st, let's have a look at what is the facility rise. it is the average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime, to maintain stable population numbers. countries need a ride of 2 point one. children per woman number cooled,

the replacement level and globally. the facility right has more than half the past 70 years from really 5 children to each female and 1950 to 2.2 children in 2021. it will continue to drop to $1.00 by the end of the century. now that is below the replacement level, 3 quarters of nations and projected to full below that level by 2015, by the end of the century. that will be the case in $198.00 out of $204.00 countries. meaning the population will be sure and king in almost every single country in the world. but the right of decline is on even the share of the world's pets. in low income regions. when nearly doubled to 55 percent and $2100.00, sub saharan africa alone will account for one and every 2 children born on the planet by then. on the 6th nation, samo somalia, tonia initiated chad and to g gets done are expected to have fatality rights above the replacement level. well,

the you in says the global population now and more than 8000000000 people will peak at nearly 10000000 in the mid 20 eighty's, which running us now from vienna in australia is klaus pregnant. he is a professor of economics at the university of economics and business. thank you very much for joining us here on counting the cost across this has been described as a demographic catastrophe. can you just put into context how logic problem this is? but thank you very much for having me. um i would say to moderate below for the moderate population decline. it's not so much as i need to know. many problem that many mentioned isms that can compensate for those activities. for example, if a educational population investments in technology such as labels saving technologies, automation, industrial robots and so on. and the country can also increase legal for about this invasion rates of the men and of old over cuz. and sometimes it can also come is

a to some degree by heavy immigration expenses, very low facility rates quite for a long period of time. coupled with outlook migration, particularly as many education individuals that can really both seem to cannot be a problem. so i copy of this, i'm confused about that face executive this um yeah, compensation of oh yeah, i guess can you just help explain why facility writes a dropping in some countries and increasing in others and, and which countries in particular most at risk of this? yes, so the rates in the past have been fully for a lot of different reasons. the most important ones, but it's a, it's a barrier that it became more important to invest in educational step children, such that the children have success on the labor market. and then of course, increases the costs of having children and parents had few of them. so you may leave before us, but there's a base rate increase which also increase the cost of having to and then you're looking at the cost of having children. so do the norms change so that 70 families

of how many new ones for smaller families, the more prominent and so, and in many countries, this reuse of the rates to large degree in some other congress continued the rates felt much later the increasing. but following at the lowest, low a base and of cost, it leads to a situation that we have differential uh, growth rate, comfortable placement across different countries. categories, setup ability um, susceptible to demographic changes are uh, south korea and japan in each of its very, very low visibility rates and eastern european countries that had a lot of other migration over the last 2 decades, particularly just on south korea and japan. what are those 2 countries doing and particularly to try and combat this is the festival of these countries also has a lot of immigration. so this bottom of the aspects of the countries tried to compensate for forming population. ready end up, but these companies invest

a lot in unix. now latrice, for example, to bend themselves. korea are at the forefront of the adoption of industrial robots . and this helps them to quote a little bit with the phone, the number of the cars on the market that you touched on this earlier, slightly bit of would like you to expand on if you could, you know, as countries get richer and more educated, can you explain how facility writes dropping and exactly why that is. yes. so if congress is so if countries gets richer, then it becomes more important for the children to compete on the legal markets to has a very good education that the countries become more sophisticated in terms of the technologies and so long. and so barragan's book more emphasis on the occasional stepchildren and then of course teach that situation, but having many children becomes very expensive, so you cannot send 7 to the university. so most of the families come up with what that. so that's one of the reasons why for the rates fails,

but also the increases in human legal costs, the dissipation in the rich countries. and of course, that makes it more difficult on the side of korea with uh, having chosen for women. but these, letting us know that is changing events as things these countries also invest in looking probably childcare and so on and so forth. in the past. it was also the reason for having the increasing facility rates. and then as i said before, i'm the changes that the, the new ones. so a few decades ago, that was in the one most heavy, lots of families basically. and this long changed. and now it's more the case that families have 2 children. and some of these and has fewer children than 2 and these new ones changed quite a lot of what time and many other reasons as well as for example, in the past in children, but also a little bit like a social security for the parents. so the for them of the, the old and the real transfers the dog instead of to of the team, social security,

the invention system. and it seems which covers implemented such systems more quality. there was less of a needs to have many children's children and care for the parents and the old and manual. some of them also many other reasons and led to such and exciting facility . now it's kind of changing, elizabeth again. so now it's the case that high income people in high income countries and starts to his highest activity rates again. and the main reasons are that it becomes more affordable for them to have a private child care. and then the child care system or the family and child care system is also up in the middle of now. and also the father, someone moved in in child care and all that leads to a situation, but particularly of high income and been educated. women have an easier time to reconcile the family and having a so korea and everything. uh, which events, any boss, say 10 or 15 years ago, changing very, very quickly. and finally,

other any benefits to declining facility, right. but thinking any very high security rates are a problem, i think for many konami's perspective. so very high facility rates to lead to a situation that the categories called the trend. so if some of these are very large, then a lot of resources have to be invested in children and education of these miniature that needs to be key. the in education will be off the trim veneers, the families by smaller and this sustains all that the in congress was very high for the to do it. so there is definitely a positive effect from going from very high, something to do, raise the rates, and even the low replacement facility can, has positive if he thinks that and so fast population grows. it's advantage on resources and level relational needs. basic ration, but people tends to be better educated, you have more investments and you've technologies to beginning countries of, of the 1st world is low and all that it has been officially fixed on economic

outcomes and the need to know mixed rules. but again, this is not the case for very, very little city because of the cost it's different. the rates are stuck at the very low level. so i prolong, give you those times and countries can get that. we cannot just thoughts, we'll have to leave it there, but we really do appreciate your time and inside class, pregnant professor it'd be economic said the v in the university of economics and business. thanks so much. thank you very much. was nice talking to the anti trust regulations on both sides of the atlantic and moving to rein in the power of tech. johns defends, are accused of building closed ecosystems around their products, making it difficult to use to switch to rival services. the regulations are now targeting the so called bold guidance to encourage competition. the us has sued apple for allegedly monopolizing the smartphone mock as. and the e. u is proven apple alphabets,

google and mesa and competitive practices. but we begin with this report from victoria guys and be on the challenges faced by apple. the chief executive team cooking shanghai opening the 2nd largest apple store in the world. there was no sign of the pressure he was on the as events one folding back home in the united states. re alleged that apple has consolidated its monopoly power, not by making its own products better, by making other products worse. as examples that governments anti trust, lucy points to the applewood, it payment system and the apple watch those into face only with the iphone well competitive watches and digital wallet space, apple imposed barriers. and when it comes to apples messaging service, the company is accused of coming up photos and videos exchanged with known apple devices. phones at this point are basically many computers, but on your laptop you can install many things and you can decide to do it. the

fact you can't do that on your phone is the problem. and the fact that apple does it so that they can lock in bigger prices for themselves is a problem in this statement, and apple spokesperson said the department of justice lo seats. that's a dangerous precedent. and hinges, the company's ability to innovate. others say the timing at the low seat is suspicious. it's a sort of easy political when we have an election to 2024 and the address of by the national is trump. and i think the by the restriction uh once the agency is to have a case against these large companies so that they book what they're doing. something about i said, uses in berkeley, california. welcome to low season hope it leads to lower prices. i feel like it's absurd, how high something that we utilize and honestly need like a lot of us need them for our professional lives for our you know,

school lives for our everyday lives. the us lucy joins other investigations into apple regulators in south korea and the netherlands. if most the cases the tech giant for abusing its market dominance and the european union find apple $92000000000.00 donors from faddie favoring its a music streaming service as arrivals value, did you around 3 trillion dollars? apple's annual revenue is greater than the gross domestic productive more than a 100 countries. if the u. s. government winds its anti trust case, it could lead to the breakup of apple for the benefit of 10, siemens, victoria gates and b l. g 0, accounting, the cost the u is investigating apple alphabet and it has a potential violations of the blocks, new competition law. the digital markets act requires 6 take johns to open up their platforms and provide smaller arrivals, access to the uses that could effect at stores, messaging services, internet search,

social media and online shopping violations could result in funds off as much as 10 percent of the companies global annual revenues, the 3 other companies have obligations under the new load, the amazon, microsoft and bytes dunn's. take john table ready, and now some changes to the business practices to comply with the blocks new rules . the regulations say they did not go far enough. well, to discuss all of this journey me now from building is fredericka council. now she's a take policy expert. thanks again for being with us on counseling, the cost of festival. if we can start with the n t trust case against apple, now the us government is going up to one of the largest and most powerful companies in the world. just how big a deal is this? this is a very big deal and it sends a very positive signal, not just to consume us, but also to develop us globally. i think it's very important here is that you cannot see this case in isolation. it's part of a light,

a portion of the us government that started in 2019 and the ongoing cases against alphabets, against amazon, against meta. so this isn't in isolation. what is happening in the last 2 decades is that in the absence of regulatory actions, we have allowed tech companies to a mass unprecedented pallet. and that's a real risk for innovation for consumers, for prices, but also for the future of technology. so a big deal and a very positive signal. apples argument though is that it's tightly controls that the coast systems to help protect its consumers. i originally was going to fight here. i'm not at all. first of all, we have to see what the outcome will be breaking of apples on the table, but that may not actually be the desired outcome. apple brand itself as a company that poured sizes privacy and security. and to an extent that is true, apple s t can the f, b i the course over back during it systems f was also successfully stepped in with

regulators have failed. so apple has pushed back against jaime, and they subside potty tracking on apps. all of these things are very positive, but they also just top of the story. what the deal j a ledges is that apple is very selective and where and how it protects consumer privacy. and a really good example is china. so apple is active in china and apple have the see to, to power from or push back some of the chinese government to remove the p ends, for example, from its app store. and they're also all cloud services and china also back door. so this is a selective, a treatment of privacy. the you, as we mentioned, is also trying to crack down on the big tech companies. can you just break that down for us with their investigation and exactly what regulators in the you were trying to do. so that, that may come as a surprise to people, but the you is actually a bit behind in the last,

when it comes to competition. the do markets act a is designed to rain and platform power. but the verdict is still very much out on whether it will be effective. what we have seen so far is that the commission has designated 6 companies of so called gatekeepers. we have now seen that these companies have somewhat reluctantly made some changes. for example, apple. now allows apps to be purchased outside of its app store. that's the 1st and only in the u. uh, but what the commission of doing now it is probing these companies compliance. that's a lengthy process that will take up to here. so we have to see what will come out of it. yeah. like it's how far regulated is prepared to go here. do you think will help us? do you think they should go? should we say a breakup of some of these massive companies? it was really fascinating us that the deal jay has called this case against apple historic and draws a parallel against the famous case against microsoft in the ninety's of do, i really argued,

is that what's the big here is the future of technology and beyond the lived this that apple has moved from innovating the smartphone market to stalling innovation. and the government sees a need to step in, in order to create the conditions in which we can see more exciting products, more ads and cheaper phones. okay, so just on that point for the very good with any of this, i mean, how likely is it that we are actually going to see is consumers likely to say lower prices? look, i think what's a bit confusing about this case is that apple, it has a very strong brand. people love iphones, but that's really not the issue here. the issue here is that apple has monopoly power, is that it is using the pilot to extract money from consumers and developers and content creators. and that apple has engaged in, exclusionary, and anti competitive conduct to maintain its monopoly. so this case is very technical, but the consequences may be very beneficial for consumers who may see more

innovation, more choice, not prices. and then the 2nd audience of this is really developing requested for us to play by rules that primarily benefit apple at. so we may see different ads, we may see cloud apps, we may see more gaming apps, at least that is the hope of this case. okay, we'll have to leave it there. but as always, we really do appreciate your time and your inside for the re kick, helping out take policy expend. thank you. i think, you know, from lecture holes to offices min out number of women in the technology sector. the ginger gap and the digital workspace is significantly wider than and of the industries. but according to a recent report, the disparity has narrowed across advanced economy. since the start of the pandemic world in full years ago, the

with joining me now from prison in the u. k as adrian rod, he's the associate dean at the school of business at university of central, lincolnshire thank you so much for being here with us on counting the cost festival . traditionally, why has the tech industry been dominated by man?

i mean, and why is the disparity, i guess wider than in many, many of the large industries come yeah. and the tech industry is being governed actually by man a long time and for a long time. and these are very long standing issues in the sense it and it reach down to things like education and probably not tell them pipeline going through from an alias educational way, 3 to employment both. so things like pay an inhospitable workplace coaches and the m o. k. 2 was men and women, i guess what the big companies actually doing to try and encourage more women and i guess universities and educational facilities doing to encourage more women into the sector. yeah, so lots of organizations, us and so uh oh, nice in that the closing policies to support more women in the workplace and there's lots of frameworks and membership groups. and that where it's was and helping a policy and diversity in the tax set set alongside that companies are working hard

to and then on that practices and workplace culture. learning from things like me to in game again in the games industry. and rarely to provide hospitable environments for all employees and but we need to do more and we need to be mobile typically around websites, cold set progression of attention to healthy with the agenda gotten set. so yeah, as we mentioned, the gap is narrowing. but in the us it's still 35 percent use only 25 percent of women make up jobs and in the industry. what specifically, what actually needs to happen to, to, to turn that around? well, clearly uh, if you highlights the test that says gap is lots and lots of other different industries and sensors. so the tech industry really needs to come say, needs westcott to solve the issue. we've lens a lot, okay. but things like flexible with policies rarely how, what we need to make sure that very flexible with cost processes that have unintended consequences. for example,

and roommate where king is now savings to fade away with so big wherever organizations trying to get that with the buttons to the office. home working, for example, really provides accessible where adam for women, for example, who may have cable responsibilities. also, we need to think about other things such as pot signed would save uh people and taking part time we're getting the same opportunities and same to training and progression. retention is a really huge issue and, and the set set for females, females leaving the set. so let's say age, 35 really needs to where caught them, how those policies and practices, the organizations that david can have been doing, particularly since kind of it are actually working in the main site. and we're also seeing mass layoffs in the take industry of women more at risk of losing their jobs than man. yeah, again it's, it's a very worrying thing to take suite one and we balance more inclusive. it's a insight now looking and we know that women lead besides

a l a. and then we know that there's a pay and disparity between men and women in the set set. so, and we also know is it, it's really, really important to have diversity in inclusion, not just from a point of principle, electrical reasons, but as best of business phones as well. so we need to make, show that women stay in this asset and when things live, job coach softening that they and that the fat and accessible decisions to be made . ok, thank you. we'll have to leave it there, but we really do appreciate your time and inside a dream right. associated a school this business at the university of central, lincolnshire thank you. i thank you. bangladesh is state owned company, petro band law has called the international bids for oil and gas exploration. and the buy a think go that's is the country looks to increase its domestic energy supply. the bidding is the 24 offshore blocks tend to chantry as more from deka.

far below these waves in the bay of bingo could lie rich deposits or fall island gas as one of ratios. fastest growing economies. bangladesh aims to harness any type of resources to bolster its energy supply. now it's looking for investor beyond it's broader to explore and help develop what's been able to see floor, the geologist, deluxe, all the major issues. they didn't really need to me so we also make it video effective for the dollars company douglas or liabilities of texas and not as the energy administer phase. many companies are interested the main challenges at the health phosphate can bring these gas boot up to the investors though do they invest is that is the main challenge that things we have to do. lock up in such a invest picked up. we have to be invested millions of dollars,

and also i have to keep the cash flow of going on despite settling maritime boundaries with me on mar in india. years ago, bangladesh is off short ideas remains largely unexplored. it operates 20 gas veils, but most will be depleted by 2033 in griffin year's banquet. those have been struggling to pay for info that oil and liquid glass due to depleting for and current service. and rising low demand for energy to address the energy gap. the government is inviting for and companies to pay for offshore exploration contract. so for our, the government has invited $55.00 international companies to explore $24.00 blocks in the bay of bingo, bangladesh. we'll take between one and 2 thought share of profits and it's offering production sharing contracts or p s fees. that link gas prices to market forces and will allow companies to take their profits abroad without paying bonuses,

or while it is true on, let's say the genetic foundation of the p a. c, such as the gas price has been linked to the inductive study index, brokerage shedding. now, based on the product, not products on. now the pro, particularly some environmental, is say, extracting gas could create method, emissions and damage the mariana environment. but annually started go, major discoveries could boast of bangladesh as economy and reshape it, standing in the region. well, that is our show for this way to get in touch with us on x, formerly known as the tourism. i'm at co mccray underscore ins, 8 and do use the hash tag a j c t c. when you take what you can drop us an e mail counseling the cost at l, just air adult nets is out, address. but this move for you online at l. just here and dot com slash and ctc, that will take you straight to out page, which has individual reports, links and tot episodes to you to catch up on the products. is that for this edition

of counting the cost on top of the craig from the whole team here, thanks for joining us. the news on al jazeera is coming up next. the brutality of the response to the events of october 7th had become impossible to make. no, there is no one nor, or international humanitarian law that has no being violated. then we have some western powers supports of israel's actions. he's well has the right to defend itself. it has the duty to defend its people. it is astonishing just how deep cleaning corrupt materially on tomorrow the. they look at how the international news are being applied and ignored. and lee is real goal is to conflict. israel above the low on al jazeera, in an increasingly complex world, it's paramount to be direct capture water shifts. moments international law is vehicle b, this model on sort of discussions. the customer, the noise, is real, operates under climate of absolute infinity. we challenge conventional wisdom. how

does it affect you? how does it affect the community? a sense that message that antibiotic bigotry, that a sama fob. yeah. but these are acceptable forms of, of hate upfront, without just here. what constitutes exempt. so we can talk to a see, i want you to start with just the facts rather as to what happened as independent. we won't be, we want the education my want to we don't have lead them in different countries in the policy of it's meant to get 50 percent representation and accountability and benefit. no 1000 service this placement and you're saying you don't have any reports for that. i should just trust the community often as the crew that used to produce outstanding gentleness and elders. the integrity in the pursuit of

the it is one of the types of residential areas across garza. it's not being 5 days since the un security council cools for an immediate cease find the problem. so rahman, you'll what you'll have to do in life. but headquarters here in the whole, so coming up, reports of the us is about to send multiple items and fine to just as well as part of the multi $1000000000.00 package. listed is mark land a as an eagle is really supplements and occupied territories are expanded as.