good afternoon, democratic nations justify this kind of behaviors. colorado, the average has collateral damage. that's what he is leading to. what we're seeing that will allow me to push back for a moment is a new assistance, corporate israel, affecting it's global, standing from the impact of the us selections, the escalating conflict in the me. least of the urgency of climate action upfront sets the stage for serious debate on out jersey or a vision to tackle the world's climate crisis. year after year activists and sciences chalk out plans for nations to cut emissions for climate conferences achieving their objectives. and one of the challenges being faced by developing nations and climate defenders. this is inside story, the

hello and welcome to the program. i'm how much i'm june china, india, and indonesia. i have shown some of the biggest increases in the emissions according to a report released at are you in conference climate scientists meeting and is there by john are setting new targets to cut emissions and work out a plan on how rich nations can help achieve the goals financing has been one of the main sticking points that the comp 29 climate conference and back to the data comes as climate activists are growing increasingly frustrated. but what they see is the talks inability to clamp down on the use of fossil fuels and they accuse governments and companies are promoting rather than curbing them. so what action can the world's developing nations take to curb pollution and tackle climate change? and at what cost will put this question and more to our guess in just a moment. but 1st this report, i'm sorry, go activist, have a clear message to develops nations. this is un climate science call thing design

is a finance call. we need more financing for the vulnerable nations. we need to make sure that the vulnerable nation will not just suffer again and again. and again. the conferences being hosted in azerbaijan, capital and experts have estimated that poor nations will need at least $2.00 trillion dollars a year to mitigate the facts of climate change. it's a hefty price tag bots. there's optimism, but understand the political and financial constraints. but let me make 2 points. first. these numbers based on b, but the not think compared to cost of election. this investments payoff the 10 seconds where full in these together, the away from the meeting holes, the climate crisis is no longer a distant threat. but some countries, pocket stone is one of the world's most climate vulnerable nation. and it's still

feeling the effects of devastating floods in 2022. that killed 1700 people and both millions from the homes. and recent days such an app pollution in the country. second largest city of the who has fox public health emergency, amman made this off the that sped. no one. i've got the good can i get if you go to the doctor? everyone. there is either coffee. illness, runny nose, a co. everyone is having the symptoms. so there is a high risk at the moment and because of small businesses really slow down the whole is in the province of punjab. that's a finding, a manufacturing hot fuel emissions from factories and vehicles have been a major problem. the decade they've been made was by farm is binding fields each yet per path. the new cropped thoughts developing nations like focused on say without sufficient funding for climate protection. they have no way to boost their

economy. neighboring india, that it has the same problem. it's prime minister, no render. moody was noticeably absent from cold. and he wasn't the only one headsets states from some of the wealthiest countries responsible for much of the while it's greenhouse emissions, like the us on china have also not attended raising serious questions about vac commitment in the fight against climate change. sorry, go out to 0. the inside story, the. all right, let's go ahead and bring in our guests and back to suzanne lynch, associate editor with political europe in new delhi. i'm here impala. use environmental list, and then pers, peter newman, professor of sustainability at christian university, a warm welcome to you all, and thanks so much for joining us today on inside story. so then let me start with

you today. climate finance is a central focus of comp $29.00. you are there in buck who is that's the main policy objective this year. and what is the target this time around? yes, it certainly is. money is the focus of this meeting here in baku with the international community coming together to try and work out a target for what for climate finance. i'm not the bios and developed countries at doing their bit. it to finance countries that are most impacted by time of change. now it's all about the figure at fox are these, and the goal seizure is going to arrive up at, in the last few days, we've heard code for a new target over a tree and per year trillion dollars per year until 2030. that's what the some of you and figures are calling for here, but whether they agree to that figure, it seems quite a big leak from the existing targets. so this is what they're going to be working. i was sharing a goal fisher's over the next week or so. yeah,

so then when it comes to negotiations, i wanted to ask you about that because from, from your vantage point, how, why does the gap remain between what developing countries need in order to combat climate change and what the developed countries are actually willing to get? yeah, well at the moment we're about halfway through the comp talks, and usually at this stage we would start seeing a bigger momentum. but really, the gap at this point is quite large. between walk these developing countries are asking for unblocked, the developed world are prepared to give. and some of this is to do with corporate finance constraints and a lot of countries. for example, in europe, we've been, you have incoming administration now the united states and people don't know. i read the commitments that are going to be coming forth from united states. and then what, what other countries do, if you nice states was the quote back in any way. so they're the kind of big political financial questions that these countries need to ask themselves. and what we're going to see over the next few days of that environment, ministers from across the world are going to land here early next week,

and really try and get this at the over the line. you know, it's supposed to finish next friday, but these trucks could go on after that. but at the moment, quite a big gap, but they still got at a chance to try and come up with some kind of compromise position. i'm here, there's a new report that released at cop 29 that says the china india and indonesia that have shown some of the biggest increases in emissions from 2022 to 2023 right now in new delhi where you are all primary schools are closed in person classes until further notice, the government has band non essential construction in the city, and it's also of urged residents to avoid burning coal for heating all of this in order to combat worsening air quality. there's terrible smog all around. how bad exactly is the situation as well? the situation with that but use and in delhi is, is absolutely this one right now. and i'm sorry to say that it, it boss and unexpected at all. um, you know,

for the last of the 7 ideas we've been seeing that you're off the, the a quality in india and being the games at a clean across nothing. yeah. then stability to the between the months of october to february and that's been happening. you feel at the same time as you said in games, a not having to increase that emissions drastically over the boss deal. and i think it's important to take note of the fact the same argument that in there has been made, can't the cops that we need to look at book appetite emissions? because india is one of the louis book at the time it does. but yes, the bottom line is that odd emissions ongoing up. unfortunately in the we'll continue to go up until it, unless we get that climate finance a boat that we so desperately need on. apple uses the government is implementing a slew of may hills of you know, when it comes to invest cheese,

when it comes to the road, we isn't cancelled. but we need something that is not a stop yet. we need something that is not a temporary fix. and for that, i think the answer lies in transitioning to the new bill and transitioning between hydrogen reached the government is trying to increase focus on here. i want to focus for a moment about how personal this issue is for you. you are a use environmental list. i've read where you said that you were diagnosed with bronchitis as a child due to air pollution exposure, obviously like so many other environmental listen active as of your generation, the future, the climate crisis and how it will impact the future. this is all very personal. i want you to tell us a little bit more about your story and how you got involved and all of this. absolutely. so, um, you know, back when i was in class seats about maybe 10 or 11 years ago. i used to be very indifferent about trying to change. i used to think much like

a certain family with president. i used to think the climate change is a volks. i used to think that it's not my problem to deal with, but that's when i woke up to the reality of them as a quantity. and i realize that the, the doc, sig, e, q. why is that? we the numbers that we see crossing 500 is on a debate reality, and it's not just diversity affecting my health, but that of everyone i know when bored so dearly around me in my life. and so that's when i sort of found this, but i still got into action and decided that i wanted to do something since then it's gosh, it's been one step up to the other. i joined the environment club in my school 3 or 4 years after that i started a full year long initiative with a daily metro, which then went on to lead me several accolades and becky nation from the dongle. and finally, i've been working as a freelancer now my deeds of,

with the big focus on saturday and accounting firm also has me look, is the sustainability advisor to the chairman. but on your point, very quickly, i think it's very important. so each and every one of us to find us the color direction when it comes to climate change. because, you know, we start to this when we should cycle where we're leaving the government to be blaming confidence and it's got 80 percent of the change will come from them. and i always argue that the 1st 20 percent has to come from society. and for that to happen, each of us has to find out how climate change is affecting us and why we get so very often in my job to see dogs. in my workshops, the focus of my messaging is why you should kids rather than giving them all these mess designed to seek numbers which the bridges tend to forget. after afterwards, peter, these cop $29.00 talks, they are focused more on finance than previous cop 29th sessions. what do you say

to that? i can developed countries from your vantage point, be convinced to give more than they have given in the past and to ensure that those finance goals that have been set are actually met going forward. well, it is very important. that's the developed world does contribute to the developing world in the finance that's needed, particularly about ada tyson. but the developed world has to be the ones who do the most in terms of getting rid of fossil fuels and creating a will that is net 0 because they're doing most have done in the past most of the emissions. and that's where the good news lies in the world of finance because to die. so we have the sofa invested to trillion in the net 0 economy for the mostly in the developed world,

but increasingly in the developing world to actually make this transition. it's 2 trillion dollars now, so the tony about billions independence is exactly what's needed for the government . but the private sector, finance, world, 70 percent of the money in the world for nate 0 is coming from private finance and he's being invested in solar batteries, electric vehicles, we empower the technologies that are now commercial. they are cheaper than doing it any other way. so any new investment is moving more and more towards net 0. so we are getting much more happening now. the, we are turning around quicker than many people thought in the ip say, say, and i'll be in the 15 years. we were not as clear on what could quickly happen if private finance got involved in these. it's not just governments,

it's the private world as well. peter, let me also ask you about the fact that at comp 28 last year, australia committed to transitioning away from fossil fuels as did other countries . but like many other countries that are climate defenders. australia still continues to green light new gas projects. right. so yeah, there is an issue with, with guess and particularly in line, started with the strides where we have a lot of gas and we, we think that there's going to be increasing need a gas as part of the transition. it's nonsense and the world of private finance is showing that as well because they are not investing nearly as much because the market is going down. this is the sun we've got to pick up and run with those companies that think so i can continue to expand gas. i go into collects and countries that depend on that for the money will suffer because they are

not the future. then it 0 transition is happening and gas is getting defies a, a, a long we've called calls already disappearing and, and the reality is even in our own town in tubs, nearly 80 percent of the power is now coming from solar and wind. it is not the, the, the world of coal is disappearing very rapidly. gas is made to be the transition, but it's not going to be from all sorrow. and when the we suzanne, um let me ask you um the countries in the world that are climate offenders, what kinds of challenges do they face and all of this? well, i mean, one of the issue that's always been here a cough is this divide between countries, those countries that are being the starkly, the most developed over the century that have to be the big of the measures versus those countries that have to be in the us or the most impacts my time of change,

that's the, the over riding division that come through every single annual meeting of cost. and so, i mean, i think what's happened is not only do the developed countries rely, they need to give more. but also we've got other countries who weren't originally included in the list that was constructed back in the 19 nineties and developed countries who some people believe now should contribute i. e, china, or a lot of the gulf states. so there's going to be also a debate knows about just how much money stuff it needs to be agreed on out. this could accomplish so much, but also about who should be contributing to that money. so that's another part of the database that's happening here. and what we do see, i mean, it's one of the, the, the positives about comp that we do have the huge range of countries here who are on the goals aging. they try and publish good, just the either division to the side and come to this kind of a, a shared consensus agreement, a big delegation here from china, for example,

big presence from ad because the country for example, the u, a e, which of the hosted cop last year and do by and so these are the kinds of, at countries that are becoming, i think, a bit more vocal in recent years of these cop gatherings here at now they're in a goal, save yours would be in the rooms where i am here. and trying to give their side of the story, trying to make sure that they're happy with the agreements that's coming out of this a gathering bush of i'd say most country in the world are representative here. and then of course, you have put it in your approve nicole date, more like of the block of the you for example, or in small items. countries depends nichols age of the block and but they're the kind of dynamics that are happening here up. it's amazing. i'm here um, climate activists are growing increasingly frustrated with what they see as the talks inability to clamp down on fossil fuels and the countries and the companies that promote them. you've attended several climate related conferences in your

opinion, and from your experience do conferences and meetings like cop 29 and others actually make a difference? well, it gets, it's actually a bit of a double edged sword to be very honest. you know, because on one hand, i think conferences like the cops conferences like the commonwealth heads of government meeting, i do put a lot of emphasis on time and finance out on the excitement challenge at large and in doing so by inviting different stakeholders, whether it's the largest companies in the world, whether it's island gas manufacturers, whether it's non profits, whether it's private citizens, all governments. they providing a big avenue to exchange best practices and exchange rates, the meetings, and even opportunities for fundraising actually, which others don't actually end up getting in

a domestic context rates. on the other hand, um there is of goss visual criticism with the golf instead of what he does are spending massive amounts of beautiful comp immunizations and spending a lot of fuel flying to these conferences. when the good just as easily be is on those who call and the 2nd criticism of cause that also exists, which is the same thing. more pessimistic. one is the fact that some of the young go time and active is out of fee of being in that, you know, the governments are increasingly using gulf as an opportunity, need to sell it as a bees, the low consignment moments in the countries. right? so what the governments will say, ok, lord, off on your protest, we see your point. why don't you come and speak about the said golf you, you deserve recognition. and then they actually use it as a leverage, as they actually use it as an opportunity to solve the problem domestically. give

them a platform internationally. and then that never ends anywhere, you know, but call the not least i'm to give you estimate of on. so i think these conferences do have a definite positive outcome. i think the on much needed devoted country is accountable the sort of flag in the ground for an en route from this check this year. for example, we look into a new collective quantifier goal on climate finance, which hasn't been discussed since the 100000000000 commitment was made 15 years ago, back in 2009. um, you know, so, so the cops are necessary and i think and that, and with that we also need to give enough focus to the s b that happened in bon, you know, which is the breaker. so to call, which doesn't get false as much as attention. um, so that's just as important. we need to look at the of meetings leading up to it. and we also need to start leveraging other meetings very like last year of the g.

twin the data, very good job of leading the beads for some of the key agreements that were assigned at cop 28. so we need to start looking at other platforms and leveraging those as well. so for the climate site, peter, you heard of here there talk about other agreements in the past and other meetings . i want to ask you more specifically about the parents' agreement, which was signed in 2015. that costs for limiting global warming to $1.00 degrees compared to pre industrial levels. where does that stand? what's the report card from your vantage point on all of that as well, that was a pretty remarkable event because no one really expected it. it came at a point where the world was really needing to get a handle on climate change and we filed in the previous one that happened in copenhagen. it was almost abandoned and been

a long time christiana for a year. a so ran a an event which brought together environmental groups and business groups to sort it out and produce what was called i really a transition roadmap, which they agreed on. so when like guys that to government governments, what look at my site, i mean, the private sector and, and environmental groups are agreeing. so there was this massive commitment of a 197 countries to my guess died. now that's all that was required and each year or every 5 years, there's a rach ending up making these them. and next the next february is the, the 50 in the series. and that will be when we get even more commitments being made to achieve it. so that's the journey way on

the end of the month, same slide, but there is a law happening. and as a keeps saying that finance will is recognizing that this is a world that must happen. we cannot afford to get hotter and hotter, you know, let me throw into a live and these going to to live economies. so we have to make the change and the, uh, putting in those steps. but it does seem very slow. oh, and from the outside looking in line, we tend to be as common, tight as a and it could get a lot faster and they should be more money. and all that funding is it is getting some way suzanne, heads of states from some of the wealthiest countries responsible for much of the world's greenhouse emissions, like the us in china, have also chosen not to attend top 29. what kind of message does that send? i think that is a huge dynamic here, to be honest, and i think it's

a negative. it is, it has a negative impact on me when you have some of the world's biggest producers not bothering to show up and a had to state level that as a problem. and also even from europe, big french present, michael and the german chancellor year think commission presents ers of underlying they all have all children stay away when they do stay away. other people, it step into their space in a sense. and so for example, in europe, we've had people like victor or been in georgia, maloney, we're more on the rice of the database and they have spoken here been quite prominent. so has their curious term or the british prime minister has really cast britain as a leader in this and, but it certainly does that make an impact. obviously, the united states is a, isn't a particular historical moment. it's the transition, the bite and ministration does have people here we have heard from the u. s. energy sexy a jennifer ground on today. agriculture factory is coming next week. but of course, the question is, you know, our people are really listening when they know that that administration is only going to be in power for the next couple of months. so they're,

they're trying to be heard for that as a problem. and we do have a very big chinese delegation here. one of the biggest, um, so you know, people in my year are you, well, you don't have time. they had the stage not, you know, you have to goals asians. i do think it's also worth point to know. so again, because of timing this weekend, the g 20 so much is going to get going in rio in brazil. so people here in baku where i am now, will be wondering, will police go leaders meeting there? so for example, the jo mine is meeting jeez and paying an e by this weekend, will they get some kind of political signal from the highest level over there to, to move ahead here if you like. so there is that conversation going on. it's just not going on here, but that may with feed into the discussions that are happening here in the final week of call. i'm here we only have a couple of minutes left, but i want to ask you about an issue that has become a problem in places like pakistan and india. um, the situation is been made worse by the fact that there are farmers that are burning fields each year to prepare for new crops,

developing nation say that without sufficient funding for climate protection that they have no way to boost their economy. how much is that playing into all of this? it's is belinda, good, it's all done. it's nothing else. because if you look at, if you look at nasa data, if you look at any data that really exists and this is true for most developing economies. um, the stablish learning season is just for maybe 25 or 30 days in the all right. and the progression of season for lack of a better word is following most florida fe months. um. so if you look at vanity the, it's actually we, he killed emissions which are the primary cause of con, uh after you sion, in places like india and pakistan. and it is, um, you know, accidents fairly exact uh, such as western disturbances, weeks out, escalating the issue to a scale, which we don't see in the summer. you know,

it's been saying it's pretty new today. i would say it goes down and, you know, it's, it's been exacerbated by these major logical factors. but the pine with the carpet is the fact that all the he killed emissions are going on increasing road construction emissions are going on increasing. and that's what needs to be addressed 1st. so the stuff we're going to be is reading real and it is, if he's a contribution, not dismissing it, but it is what is used to fuel ability, good blamed in, but in state governments incentive government. and do that in that had been solutions that the government and the start ups up dividing into low cost to farmers that are biofire. kalazan is made of decisions, but disgust they need to be they can escape. all right, well we have run out of time, so we're going to have to leave the conversation there. thanks so much. all our guest suzanne lynch. i'm here paula, and peter newman. and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again any

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