nice, this is our experience, most of our identities in the final part of the series, new seams and collectors still hold precious assets selected few have been returned, but the still a long way to go on progress is painfully slow. restitution africa stolen with pottery ation on notice here on the sixteen's bottom from using social media around district and you legislation in australia but government says it's to protect children, but big tech companies on some human rights groups say one word, one of the arguments and the views weld walk face is inside, still the hello and welcome to the program. i'm but it's me a new lauren,

australia binding social media useful. and the 16 is one of the toughest dimensions of its kind. any what? it'll polls companies such as x, facebook take talk snapshot. i know those to stop teenagers signing up to the apps . most australians that support below, according to polling, but some social media experts say this should be on big check, which should be more accountable for content. but yeah, to rely on algorithms to hook uses by identifying that likes and dislikes. some studies say young brains, more easily, molded by what they see online. so one of the changes and do children need protecting is upon like this, the way to do it. we'll explore these issues without guests in a moment. but 1st this report by kathy i lopez, claudia. it's being described as the toughest small. yes. to be in post on big tech, with australia passing the world's 1st age based social media ban. the government says it's designed to safeguard childrens physical and mental to health. we don't

argue that it's implementation will be perfect, just like the alcohol band for underwriting doesn't mean that someone underwriting, if it has excess. but we know that it's the right thing to do. the ban, which applies to all children under the age of 16, is fueling and international debate. since i struggle with mental health issues like in fighting depression, i think it would make those a lot less than they already all and could really affects you know, my life. would you take it upon ourselves to regulate personal social media usage rather than being forced off of it? restrictions on social media aren't new in france. miners under 15 require parental consent to create accounts. germany, italy, and belgium have similar regulations and across the borders. debate about china own take, talk, have raised concerns for years, and certainly this law is also about take to and is can needed to be also seen. and

these do political context in the us. some states are exploring limiting kids, social media exposure with some accusing big tech companies of using algorithms to deliberately target miners and increase their revenue. would you like now to apologize to the victims who have been harmed, but you're not showing the pictures which had a congressional hearing about how social media companies haven't done enough to protect minors. metal c o, mark sucker, burke, apologize to parents earlier this year? questions about how to regulate social media giants have long hung over the industry and they're getting louder. has the share of users who've never known life without it gross. i don't know who to study and i like a i wouldn't like it, but i might that in spain, i think that should have organized a demonstration because that's crazy. i. c, as in my life or some tech giants are pushing back against las, really as new law raising questions about freedom of speech and limiting access to

information. but australia is a test case and other governments are likely to watch carefully to gauge its impact . and how successfully it can be enforced. patsy a little bit, so the un, which is 0 for insights story. the lawyers meant to protect minus. so before we hear from a panel, we'll speak with a teenage john list leo. police see about how the move is being received by his peers. here is on the generally founded 6th news, australia, as you will not be younger than your average reporter. and as such, i'm still in high school shall go know. along with about half of that teen and lot with old school use, we have a school camp which goes for 4 days, 3 nights these choose. now, the only reason i bring this up is because on the account we cannot have any electronics to the in charge on the basically meaning that i won't be available to

report on news or even look at your messages from choose day to friday, not at all i'm a drawing just now from melbourne. leo, you spoke to the joins select committee on social media and australian society, about old base. would you be where you are today? if that was this social media bought in place a few years ago? thanks for having me. i know i wouldn't be where i am today with that with that social media pain in place sixty's wouldn't be existed if that social media batteries implies the realities we've been able to grow as a national, streaming news general. why? having suicide for 2015 year old. so yeah, i would be passionate in general, is my media and join up and, and i think, you know, that would be a real shame to lose if i, if i have to say so myself, we've been able to grow for, for my 6 years now. you know that clip is uh well for the fee is always use, might know that some certainly wouldn't have been here today. and i think this band generally stifles creativity. i think we're in place. how would your pay is

reacts to it, where they just get around it? would they find somewhere else? what would they, what would they do? tossing young people are absolutely going to get around it. look, i've got a younger brother who's, who's 14 years old, and i'm, i'm sure he'll be spending the next 12 months because the implementation is not front of you. he'll spend the next 12 months figuring out how to get around to look . i think, you know, initially when this was proposed the, you know, some views all, maybe this will be a good idea. but when you look at the past few months, and the effect has been really rushed and gets back and forth on what platforms are going to be included, i guess there's a lot of, i guess, almost as laughing. it just how rushed it's pain by people who maybe don't understand social media. so definitely young people get a bypass this legislation for you all. and your last point that this is your will, this is the well, you grew up in particular generations that do people twice your age and older. now what about talking about your thinking relation to this? i think something might be done, and i think that's a real problem. we have to have a lot of consultation with young people about

a little that directly affects them. as you mentioned, i was lucky enough to speak to a joint select committee about this, but i think we need a lot more consultation yards. public submissions were on the open for 24 hours inquiry on the run for about 40 hours. this is really significant, legislation is different saying right, the world is watching. that's absolutely true. so you have to get this right and you have to take it really slowly and you have to make sure it's done right. again, it's not even coming in for another 12 months, so i'm not particularly sure what the ra she's other than the fact that an early federal election next year, or later populations. thanks very much for your time. last spring in august in melbourne, we have mach, andrea, which is a professor at manas university school of media, film, and journalism. he's also a specialist in the implications of data mining and online monitoring. in new delhi, we have narrow box the cyber psychologist on the found of cyber b, a. p and aunty cyber bullying campaign. and in dublin we have no in black, white like human rights lawyer and the online safety coordinator for the children's

rights alliance. welcome to you will. busy mock i'll, i'll stop with you. we just heard from leo, there in a pa, for making me feel very old. he doesn't think that people sort of my age are age really know what we're talking about here. well, he may have a point to some extent, at least in terms of our experience. but his platforms i, the one thing that i think is really important is tied to some of the points that he made, which are also important. and in the way in which this legislation was rushed in and some of the concerns that have been raised about the implementation, i would add that it's important to think about the larger context of the platforms that are being targeted. these are commercial platforms whose primary goal is not to encourage the creativity of young people or to provide them with safe spaces. it's part of their priority is to make money off of collecting as much detail

information as they can about the users. and then using that to market and advertise to them. we know, for example, that there's been a history of companies facebook was found to have been doing research that indicated that it knew when young people were feeling inadequate or insecure. and they were actually sharing this information in with advertisers as something that they claimed that they were able to do. we know advertisers are interested in that information because that's what they trade on, in terms of trying to sell products. um, so i once upon a time we weren't quite concerned about exposing young people to funds of uh, barrages of advertising these platforms do this with the extra added charge of all of the information they're able to collect. so i think it's important to think about that context when we imagine what type of spaces we want available for young people. i think it's really important to have spaces for communication and for tray trinity, but does it have to be this hyper commercialized spaces there?

perhaps other alternatives, this type of legislation might make us think about the possibility of alternatives . know lean. a strategy is communication minister michelle roland. she says it's about protecting young people, not punishing or isolating them. that seems like a fairly sensible approach to take, doesn't it? so i think that's a is a good one and it's really important to remember that fos, it costs as fast as i just nation, actually going to do. and i think it might, you, if that's actually part you are doing, is recognizing that social media companies as commercial organizations, as selling products, do have a duty and obligation to ensure that their products are safe in tutoring safe for children. but the way you make those products say, is owned by excluding children from their rice to be part of the origin,

which we live, their rise to communicate their right to engage their right to guess information. you don't punish them by excluding them and you don't punish them and their parents by pushing the duty on them. it seems to me that we would probably be talking about the same thing. how do you ensure that products that are being around for about 2030 years now at clarity they have been totally own regulated and they have allowed the, we've allowed those projects to become pipe a commercial, to use my a terminology which is really good. now we have to recognize for possibly doing we're regulation for children. we're banning the children and young people. i'm not even all the children were standing children under 16. we are not giving them the opportunity to be part of the digital age of which we live. so b bishop is right, and the ministry's own patients to keep children say is a good one and

a necessary one for government. but the method of binding children from the data storage i would take issue with no task. actually, it's actually even practically effective. marilyn in india with social media is, is as wildly popular as is elsewhere. is it the, is this the wrong target as knowing my suggest to manage as no, i mean, suggested the dentist to spend that stick. 7 why, personally, i'm a single opinion, but we haven't reached a point when we're looking at the stringent measures like a back we what we need is a collective move my way of collecting people, deciding that this is not good for children and your children up that age group if they don't have access, then they don't seem that the missing out or big not being that. oh, you know, i don't know about this or something like that. so if i look on the back of the collector, then it is the right time because young children do not really have the cognitive

majority to understand what's in their best interest. and of course, we had only bad news, social media app so that you're not banned access to internet. so they're going to be most people out that option. a probably a good submission can be shared by educators and by fading. so it's not me that one of the laptops off that entire, uh, this is the thing i really need, especially as a company like mine when a big collection is becoming a big challenge. and the usage is very popular. we are a young nation, we are made up young population. a lot of detrimental effect is what we are seeing on the young population to those and found much changes measure. i agree that i don't remember, according to the little you know, better to do it. but i guess we can begin with that. so now we have the social media companies responsible to you know, booking, but it measures i'm can i also ask you narrow because to take talk, which might be one of the target outs has been bonded india since 2020,

mainly because of a, a route between india and china. but how's that been any notable effect in the 4 years and stop by has been in place. so the if you ask me if people are still using all the numbers a drastically new. yes, that would be a very my 100 percent visual would be i don't know why or figure out the way around it. however, the intent is not just the, you know, issue with the china, but also the content is really the letter d, as in the exposure to age in the appropriate context was also an issue. no, unfortunately, the bad austic dog was actually, you know, sort of diagnosed by me that and instagram has speaking over. so i would say the long term impact is last. but how the band did see that the usage is very many months. and that's, that's why i believe in these kind of strangers measures when the time is right. and then the condition is becoming very difficult to, you know, actually implement or not can you help us understand what apps they are all

straight and legislatures are an odd thing are and i'm thinking of and then what happens when follow the rocks inevitably, a pay years down the road. well it's, it's not clear. yeah. exactly which apps are going to fall within the band and which will be excluded? there's been a lot of reporting that suggests major commercial social media platforms like tick tock, ex, matters, facebook will fall within the band. there's been some discussion about youtube might be excluded from the band. in part because youtube is so heavily used in the educational sector, which is an interesting question itself. i would suggest that the focus should be on those platforms that are the most aggressively commercialized. and that are structured in ways that are designed precisely in order to get, you know, a to get people to spend as much time as possible and manipulate them in ways that

get them hooked on these platforms in order to serve ads to them. in order to collect information to more effectively manipulate them. i think i think it's probably the commercial character that we should focus on more than the social character. although that that is not how the law has been framed. but um, but when it comes to interpreting it, it's going to be interesting to see which of those platforms that are considered to be the ones that the parents and kids are most concerned about in their lives. so really interesting to see how the picture. all right, knowing these apps all that to make money at the end of the day issue, should we not somehow be putting the social media companies on notice that things are about to change? yes, i'm, i'm fast really is prayer. it seems to me we can make our best effort is clear. we recognize that these are commercial companies that like to take another example

from a different area. banks taking our money and they are regulation and required to keep its face. it's not perfect, but they strong regulation happening in the area. we are at the very early stages of regulation, protect companies. they are not used to is like near release as it is difficult. but sure. any boss, we should be 28, is regulation and requiring them to produce face products like we do of other people who have commercial products that they sell, these should be safe. they should be safe for our children. and that is player. but it's hard to, i mean basically it's just easier to explain. we're just finding this is not good for children necessarily. it's not recognizing that right. but usually it's easier regulation. it's hard to build main taking on the tech companies, but that's really going to be the ultimate solution. taking them on an ensuring

gosh, if they make profit, they make profits on safe space. are nearly when they bonds tick tock in india, people went to to instagram, they went to snapshots of the apps, you comp put the genie back in the buffalo can you it's going to be very difficult . but the, with the children, the advantage instead, because we are doing this collectively, they don't feel that they're gonna miss out. when the doctor went out and it was for everybody like it was not one particular community. and for a very long time before and you know, youtube shots and instagram views came in, which i liked to call people who are living with it without doing so, i'm not complaining. so even with this bad, i feel that it should not be that you know, now the advantage. so 10 popular big companies and these black falls, no good one should start streaming up, then you lose the purpose. so the idea is that yes, going back, maybe this is difficult,

but we are not going back completely. we are only and only focusing on the apps which are designed to be a victim in nature, which are, you know, uh, looking forward for us to be honest, profits and then the welfare of young people and the children. so those are the ones which we at, i then define the internet to be on, on the same thing, nicely done treatments. so there are so many of them, right? that's all the age of the content can be reached out to them. mock, they are threatening government, said it when for this legislation, so on, but and parents from the policing role, but shouldn't be prepared for the monitoring what's going on parents making the final decision. i think it probably should be a collective effort to figure out how as a society we want to manage some of the concerns that we have um putting is i, i mean putting the onus on parents in terms of enforcement would obviously be i think the owners much $200.00 us with what we have now currently,

of course is defacto parental regulation. uh, but uh, as has been suggested. there are network effects to these platforms. so if all, if a particular peer group are on and then, you know, one child is told by their parents, by the not, we'd, rather that you weren't on the, there's a, there's a fair amount of social pressure. and so i'm actually, you know, good reasons that kids can have to make the case. i, you know, i think part of the reasons for framing legislation the way it was is to address some of those network effects. um, so. ready okay, i think is, uh, you know, the point about regulation i think is a really important one. and one of the things that this legislation does is it kind of sends a signal to these platforms. you know, you can't just keep proceeding the way you are and i think there's, you know,

the speed with which it was put into place reflects some political imperatives. but i also think it reflects the kind of collective frustration. but as a society has towards the power that these platforms have in the way, they seem to be acting in ways that although they serve a social function is not necessarily socially responsible. all right. okay, and they're all the, one of the capitalists with this legislation in australia was because the tech, because of the developmental stage, the teenagers are out particularly that, that brains help us understand why. what is different about a teenage is brain to walnut somebody a bit older and that'd be twenty's and older. to seek children of and even teenagers they are in the full matrix yours. their brain is not really dev. loved to have that cognitive maturity responsibility box, right? none of that. and it is very, very important that at this point, we make sure that, you know, we take the right decision, but they're also,

it's actually french. it's the peer influence it this, that addictive behavior which they are the higher briscoe and these platforms and actually exploiting this kind of, you know, but literally these indigo is children and that's where we need to take the stand. it's not that i'm sure like every other country because this is a global phenomenon. every country has reached out to the platforms off for regulations, but it's becoming challenging because of lack of response and the intent from there . and so some of the letter we need to begin with these kind of instances because like i said, the children are at this stage, they are not the best to judge mental, what's good for them. and as we, as a does need to instill them with a very, very strong a and a collective effort. so no lead generation is that was sort of talking about bullying from 1996 to to, to, to 2010 by of the 1st to grow up with. i'm asking to like asking to reach sweet taking cell phase, looking for validation from friends. it, there's clearly

a lot of as evidenced, it seems a base is not a particularly healthy way to begin growing up. that should be some sort of way of managing that shall not a. yeah. and indeed are short. and i do hope if australia is going to go down this line, that's at the same time. if we do a lot of work in helping parents and children to understand what the digital environment is like, how to readers, how to understand is how to managers in some ways. so the task we recognize now we don't have the situation we had at the turn of the century. we are 25 years on so much is done online in our i that we have to have a generation. we don't totally know how to use social media, but who know how to stop using them, where there are boundaries where it's appropriate. we have done this with other aspects of life through all the generations. educators, caregivers, parents,

whether it's appropriate school at sports clubs, have worked with children to establish a reasonable boundaries between various things they should do. so 13 years ago at children were sneaking comics and books into school and they were being told they couldn't use them. is reasonable to say that you cannot use your social media fun, you're supposed to be doing your job griffey or you're not. so these are things that you, we haven't done well either as a society. we haven't understood boundaries. we haven't understood how to be fancy about the digital world we live in, and that's going to be a huge part of the answer as well. mock, if the young people are watching this program and scrolling and watching singleton easily, we pop these model products before have them we people said television would run the brain. we've old managed to survive them way. yeah, there is

a long history as you suggest about regarding moral panics around new media when they're introduced. the question of whether this is a moral panic. it's an interesting one. certainly those people who are critical of the band are suggesting that it is when it comes to thinking about the forms of literacy that both parents and children need. i think it's obviously very important, but it's also important to have safety by design built into these systems. so, you know, you wouldn't tell somebody entering a house that they should have, you know, basic structural literacy in order to know if it's safe. we do expect a certain spaces to be constructed safely, especially the spaces that we entrust our children to. uh and uh, you know, regulation. one of the things that would be really important for us to do is to push these companies in the direction of building safety by design into the, into the platforms. right now. it's just not how it works. and, and again, i think,

you know, this response reflects frustration over that fact a new raleigh on to all our brains, younger brains, perhaps small resilience to change them. we might think to yes, they are. yeah, absolutely. those, again, it's the for to see that for younger minds it's, everything's in the fees, they don't get to talk to that particular piece. so it, it feels initially yes, because we are one of the draw something that they already have extra access to. that is going to be a little bit of resistance because collecting it will work very beautifully because not enough. my feel like. ringback so i build fee, which are a lot lastly with, you know, lane governments often want to be seen to be doing something. is this a government just wants to be seen to be doing something or will it how long to evaluate? yeah, so, so there is undoubtedly that there is backs and so which this looks like

a set of for bullets and every government, every politician is looking for the sand for boilers that for it. they can say this, we keep our children say this, we keep your children say, this is not bid this, it, we happen to, you can start to talking about the practical way. you would implement something like this. but this is a way in which again, the focus is taken off of, but the companies is taken off the people who should be producing safe products. who should be designing, say, products, and go should be respecting children in those designs. it could even make it worse because now they've seen, they don't have to bother with safe products for children in australia. all right, thank you very much. just the practical implications will have to be for another program. unfortunately, we're out of time, but thank you to all i guess to mock andrea, which to me raleigh box, you know, lean blackwell and also leo publicity. we spoke to us and thank you to for watching . you can see the program again any time by visiting our website alger 0. don't.

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