is in a role less of a society now to hold whatever government comes into place, accountable to us, to the syrian people and to ensure that the states represent the values that we did for 14 years ago in 2011. how. how important um so sound is the issue of governance um and, and i guess the re and position of effective state institutions and give us some examples of what needs to be reinstated to what properly it's. it's fundamentally important, it is the only guarantor for a peaceful transition in this very at chris, it goes time of our lives. we have a safety issue as we have health issues, we have um, the service provision across all sectors. all of this needs tremendous efforts. it's fundamental that we work through the existing state solution. we are hopeful that the, the, the process of the transition will actually maintain the state, the institutions. this is what we've seen so far. the start of the problem. it says

the local gods, the local communities, that participation and it's absolutely fundamental. all of this is our only guarantor that's order wouldn't be maintained. that the creation of an inclusive part is about 3. so the civic governance and every reason in every locality inside syria, until there is an inclusive governance. but do that's good drawing on the national scale and you, you're talking about money a working outside of the country. and yeah, well, what we're doing outside the country, we were trying to assert our rightful drawing to shape the political future of syria. our not being was mostly to ensure that there is a political transition according to security council resolution due to 54. so we still have to work on on. we are now entering the day after, and there's a lot to do when it comes to the day after. this is what we've been of doing

outside the country, while our member organizations inside the country has done a variety of work from service provision and a provision all the way to accountability justice. but also working on human rights issue was an empowerment of the people in the south. and it's been frustrating told me to get the final thoughts from you. um, before you go, i mean uh, many of i guess this morning of been talking to us about the opposition. uh, how important is it in terms of the need for them to unite to help to rebuild serious set up organizations like yours can work effectively. it's absolutely fundamental, if we are to secure the state of citizenship that we want, it needs to be inclusive, it needs to accounts for the rights and needs of all the communities inside syria. as i said, it's not a matter of giving reassurance as of people. it's

a matter of making sure that we build a state that oppose citizens surprise to everyone. and that needs to engage every single syrian with the participation of civil society, civic actors, local communities, and every single reason from the east, the west, from the south to the north is just a gone 7 gmc, i'm sorry, in opposition sizes of announced on state television but the rule of. a of in basra last time has come to an end of to 13 years of civil war. it came just hours of devices into the capital, damascus, and took the cities at port. the state tv building, as the opposition says outside has now fled the capital bus route alongside. and his family has always been in power in serious since the late 19 seventy's, ashton power in 2000 off to the death of his father, hepatitis,

the the, the city of damascus has been liberated the tyrant for sure allah side has been top of all the prisoners to be released from the prison of damascus, we wished that all are fighters and citizens preserve and maintain the property of the state of syria. long live syria. these are the pictures of the presidential palace in damascus, vacated by, by shot out assets. historic movements, opposition sizes have ended. the call in pounds on demand have been found looking through the palace gardens of bash, our last sides home, as well as various crews and rooms. this was once occupied by half as outside and then by his son, by show our last side who succeeded him. the policy is located in western damascus, overlooks the sea. it has now been taken over by opposition sizes who say they have

toppled the outside government. well moments before opposition fighters took control of damascus at port open source flight track. as recorded a single plane in serious space illusion. 76 uh croft with flood number syrian at 9218 was the last flight to take off from damascus. fast it flew east, then it turned north a few minutes late to its tracking signal. with switched as and circled over holmes, a serious prime minister said his government is ready to have a pallet, any leadership chosen by the people on a few minutes. you know why i'm here at home? i am not leaving this and i don't intend to leave. i expect in a peaceful manner to guarantee the continuity of the public authorities and the institutions and state apparatus and to guarantee the safety and security for all

citizens. and we are extending our hands even to the opposition to extend their hands and gave assurances. they will not cause any harm to any citizens who belong to the syria of ours. and none of us seriously significant women, serious opposition fighters have release prisoners since capturing the capital and announcing the full of the asset regime. these again, uh, some of the latest images coming to us from damascus opposition fights is say they have free or prisoners who went on justly detained under the rule of assets. now on friday the you and released the report documents and systematic torture and abuse across over a 100 syrian government detention. let's talk through all the license developments with newer all day. she joins us live from the job at the

board of crossing between jordan and syria. nor this is a highly significant moment. i'm a stunning into the 50 year rule of the asset family has brutal grip over syria. forced many syrians to flee to countries like jordan, where you all, how all syrians that reacting to this historic moment. well i can tell you that the syrians who have been making it to the border now after they thought they were informed that the jordanian authorities would allow them into their country for jubilance. they were waving to us, they were all smiles. they were affecting jordan for allowing them to go back home . we asked one driver, what are you going to do? and you said, i want to go home to celebrate, you know, i have to tell you this. is that dramatically different reaction from the one we were getting just yesterday from the same seniors, to see the syrians who were gripped still by fear. they were very hesitant to share

with us any feelings or emotions. all they were talking about is wanting to go home . they did not want to express any opinion about what was happening in the country because they were still afraid. they didn't know if that really was going to survive this time as well. and so that gives you an idea of the kind of rain the sides regime had over syrian 700000 refugees. in the meantime, here in jordan, in a refugee come in just about 20 minutes away from here, we'll be waiting to see how they will be repatriated. this will be a mom of effort, a no doubt involving the us, but also facilitated by jordan longer wage had no doubts for all those families. no early is the significance of the millions that have been displaced within a syria, a broad,

but also hugely significant regionally for the countries around syria, including iran, who's regional influence now is highly and out. the absolutely, the fall of the us out there is a, is a development of seismic propose this was affects the influence of the rom, the, the role it has played in the region, its ability to support its allies. luck has been load, but defended on the syrian regime to be a conduit, physical and political, or that you're right in support. it will be, you know, in fact a bronze ability to reach out to other allies and friends and to really be considered a reliable, a dependable allies, seeing how iran did not really put up a fight this time to protect the side rule. and so this will be

a very significant for iran, for its allies from all across the region, whether and live in on some of the palestinian smaller palestinian factions that allied themselves completely with the syrian res, seem as well as other groups across the region. it will be significant for the neighboring countries in the region who wants to see syria united. they do not want to see the country falling into civil strife. they don't want to see it break apart in, in different countries. and it will be significant for, you know, governments across the region because they now see another moment where people, a people in the region rose up, did not give up and was able to over through a dictatorship. so it is an inspiring and perhaps a fear most fearful moment for some, no doubt, with implications far, far reaching all across the region and talking of governments,

a new governments 11 on of course, is itself going for political transition in january. uh, they will be a been a new leadership. how is this likely to play into that? and of course, there is, of course, the situation in gaza whether will that continues pasta. yeah. a, joe, this is going to be very interesting, this, the lebanese people will have to get together and choose a presidency. there is, of course, the internal politics in lebanon, the sectarian divides, and the way the constitution has been built. so the christian factions will have to agree on a consensus nominees for the lebanese presidency, but this time for the 1st time in decades 11 on will not have the side. there's a breathing down, it's neck, and influencing the course of events and who can,

and cannot become the president of lebanon. this is hugely significant because it also creates a vacuum of sorts. everybody is going to see how this dynamic will play, how of the lebanese actors get together on their own and try to figure out who will leave the country and how they will see, you know, share the power it within the lebanese system and who will fill that void is there going to be an added western influence in 11 on what will be the role of israel, which has not stopped attacking lebanese targets, attacking has below the or port it has below targets in lab and on and in syria. so all of those factors will come into play the domino effect again of the fall of this aside, the regime will be on doubtful across the region 11 on certainly quite impacted by that because of the role of syria,

the played in lebanese politics for decades. now, okay, many things to that new to hold a speaking to is the live from job that and border crossing between jordan and syria. jordan, of course, a country where many, many millions of syrians have been forced to be displaced to let's get some reaction now. uh, from a techie, a ritual said it is near the tuck is boarded with syria preparing to travel into a left the rest. so uh, techie, of course, playing a key part in this opposition. fights is now in the capital reports the president has fled. bring this all together for us. what have you been hearing about the situation on the ground as well for now as the position is gradually taken over the control in the capital in paramus, damascus. so which is tomorrow, at the end or marking the end of the dynasty chairs for 50 full year, just remember opposite that came to power. he 1970 that he,

he died in 2000. then his son was, charlotte said, hesitating the father, and he has been looting the company for 24 years, which was 13 off that we're just, we're good to a civil war. but he to steven ward that cost the lives of more than half a 1000000 people a just in person and all of them being killed by the, the city of regina. and it's, it's backwards and its allies. now in 2016, then they did it, the government and the routine by the help or if you run and rush it, they had being able to retake the control of i level and key could to hold the position to the north west and it's the progress of it lip, and they tell that this now is finished. other than on november 27, the position for them to hit the pool as they started to gather over apple. and then going down, taking over how these are the major cities and then going further south taking over

the homes. and then at that moment the city and government started lose the control that caused the whole major cities. and now the, the position for on 3 different directions from actually almost 4 directions is getting into the city and had intuited the city center now from the south, east, west and north. so now as this is happening when it comes to tracking still contract, it has some concerns. the 1st is that the state is going is collapsing, that the city and government is collapsing. now they do not want to see the city. this is actually a feed him to grab expose, is that the mainly made all this good despite is actually do as a typical old and more territory. that is the phone cut out is concerned. but on the other hand, we see we have seen that through the last couple of days, present the ad building stuff again and again coming up and seeing that steve to john, cut off the ports to position the ad ones. and he even said that people that they

will reach to the capital damascus without facing any serious issue. so it was ration, i'm confirmation or if i could have support for the whole position, so they aren't going to definitely be wants to see brands. because as i've gotten, it is government gun and the position taken over the control how they're there on the other hand now as turkey is not the only major player here. so he's, he's also trying to recalibrate his policies on how to re position the needs. so can you still? yeah, i'm over the major issue, of course with tricky. what is his is the city in the city of deputies. so turkey has been hosting the largest number of the city in refugee is been 2 years now. will officially that are at um 3500000 theory and let me do that. they're leaving in turkey. i'm on the official for the figures are even much higher than that. so now to t, once it's stable serious, i'm of course controlled by bill position. and that the hold that the majority of

the city of that which you will somehow get back to city. and this is going to a little bit better leave to the twenty's. you caught them in perhaps both to close, the less pressure to go over the government. that's also another another wish that we see that i'm going to is actually talking about. all right, so these now are the new calculations they feed up. here we up now is a new syria that delight because the people didn't then to city a 10 days ago, 12 days ago. the ok, many songs for the soul said to the for us, new the tech support a with syria, he will be heading into syria, internal echo in the coming hours. so we will continue to have moved from resume throughout the course of the morning. joshua alonda is the director of the center for middle east studies of the university of oklahoma. he explains why the syrian

army collapse the way did the syrian army really just melted. there was no money in damascus to pay troops. people were exhausted. there had not been a peace dividend. nobody could rebuild their lives. life looked very grim under this for him going out into the future. there were, we have to remember that there were various heavy sanctions on the machine. america has all of syria's most of serious oil and gas, which it uses to pay the kurds in the northeast to police the northeast. and so the regime really had no money. and then, of course, is rails extraordinary attack, which pummeling his by law pen back iran and has really degraded the syrian army over the last year, was about 3 strikes every week on the syrian army, taking out military factories and iranian the iranian militias

and iranian officers so this is a very weakened regime with no allies and, and the army melted away. a and that's, that is the, that is the real, you know, story, the extraordinary story here of very little opposition to a rabble group which has rebuilt itself and shown extraordinary ability to adjust and make adjustments and change itself in order to rally the country behind it. i think many of his loyalists are wondering where he's been because he's been a while he was in russia. he came back for a day or 2, but now he seems to have fled the country again and, and made a determination if this is, it's not worth fighting for us. and now the question is, how peaceful and this transition be, because i think everybody is fearful that they'll be something like that,

that after the united states destroyed the rocky government and we saw all the industries pillaged and then burn, people stole even the copper wiring out of the buildings and all the fixtures, that chairs, you name it and that could happen in damascus. it's happened that many places before, not only, you know, new york city in the seventy's, when the lights went out. and it could happen in places in syria. and i think that the new government, the new leaders of syria as yolanda in particular, are fearful that this kind of sloppy transition could take place. and it will be very hard to rebuild the country of the us being us all desire as my mood. i'm the why he'd, he's in the rocky capital by god. my mood good to see you around 2000 and the syrian army soldiers crossed into iraq over the weekend. how will the government that be viewing these developments in syria and what impact it could have on iraq?

the well 1st of all, a major a lie for a lot has fallen down. that goes without, without saying, as you know, the dream of a shot. and as it has been crucial to iraq soon the full of set them st in 2000 and the only executive a government's successive governments that have been appointed since the photo. but so don't say it in 2003 in a rock. they have had the asset, the g as a major back of a major ally and that agent along with that a ron. now losing that major, a light means 2 major things. first of all, iraq has lost connection. not only was city. yeah. i mean, iraq as a shadid government, a language has lots connection not only with city, but also a major connect to, to, to live in a why. and 2nd, there is a major that the biggest, via the biggest swati or iraq you, which is now,

is that the possible time span of but extreme is in, across the border. because the, when you speak to iraq, you push as they would say that the page already i have your prize in 2014 on to 2017 as the defense vet of extremism and tourism, from city and to your rock, concealed a loss of human lives down the resources in iraq. the don't want this scenario to be repeated again with the photo, but i said redeem 2nd. do you have the groups, any of the lucky on the groups? these are backed by iran and that that date, it's remains to be seen how this these um groups will react up to the default of the major a lot in that age. and they have been engaged already in the fight in syria. and in the 11th, as the same, a heard iraq, a country already on the loss of economic pressure. what have you been seeing uh

over the course of the last 10 days? again, i mentioned the reports of these thousands, siri and soldiers, who have fled into a rock. have they been an influx of ordinary of the old re theory and supports his office the best all outside regime also coming into the country? yes, indeed. at plus to 1000 the big a lot of soldiers with bus shot and a said a sling into your walk across, that'll call him crossing to them. and then you have also hundreds of civilians. the government officials, employees also now being hosted by iraq around the time crossing, tell them love officials, especially the interior administratively like says that work is on the way to accommodate these. so just is, and if you, jeez, uh oh, the soldier,

the 2 thousands and i get a lot of soldiers including get officers and uh, so those have had it, did. they cross the border with, with the full equipment and they have handed the equipment to the iraqi of forces according according to the iraqi officials. so the work is on the way across the board, the to set up tents and to accommodate those city and refugees. iraq, you'll portez also say that the chief of the stuff it has went to has a he hey, you went to the board to do a i don't good other iraq, your portion is 2 supervisors. that's a combination of the city under fifty's. ok. many things for that most mood, the why he that for us in baghdad as well. we've been talking about the impact on ron. we can talk through to hit a saudi. now he's a rice and specialist in writing and a fast. he joins us now from to ron. so the bus are all outside of course,

one of their rounds, key regional allies, normal. he is full and how will iran be viewing these huge least significant moments that are taking place right now in syria? yes, and this is a huge the significant development as far as the ranges are concerned. so far, we haven't received any official reaction from tara on considering the latest lines of development in damascus in syria. but we are expecting much more coming out in the next hours from to ron, but it's still coming to a broader picture pertaining to these developments. you know that every player is v position and gets geo political and actually political and other aspects of position and iran is not going to be an exception. you, ron is going to meticulously follow the developments on the ground. and we will see any dynamics in taking place in the regional policies of the country and be added

to that is the concern that so far we have heard from to ron regarding the possibility of a k all take a situation that could be caused from the vacuum is power, it's in syria and iran is also expressing concern about the possibility of expansion of these, this civilization to other parts of the region by the same time. but we see a lot seems to be critically important. is eros tendency toward solving the issue in a collective day if you look at the state list coming from given in foreign minister of boston rossi who is now in doha, who has paid it? was it to different cards for use? uh sir, to see if we uh, uh, another cartridge and actually a very long list of consultations that he has had so far vc this clear message coming from me around there is this. kansas eats determination towards actually

solving this tv in crisis. in a collective barry, you're on prefers a regional plan of action rather than a plan of action that comes from outside the region. and also there's a, uh, a, it's actually another line of concern that'd be here then that is related to the influence of united states. and these really plan on this already deteriorated complicated scenario on the ground. that is, one aspect says that one aspect as we hear from the rainy and officer and a boss are off to you particular, very much. so this is a very old listed picture of. it goes without saying that iran sees these concerns within the framework of losing a critically important actually lingering a lie. there's a long standing tie between your ran environment and the government's assad government in syria. but it's still,

we also hear sirens and signals about formulation of new dynamics them individually . ron is going to broaden the scope of its regional activities to include our distaste, we see different talks taking place on that regard. we see the improvements of the ties between iran and civil arab countries and ball. last point i wanted to add, if i may, is that if you look at the original policies of iran, you will see 2 g agend us. one is the actually, it's have said the rain is our conduct thing in order to deal with this to live vision caused by terrorist activities attribute to thursday activities that iran is talking about. then the 2nd one is the palestinian cause or define. 4 it's against is really support these to cause is actually the see more consensus. so why they run is losing one critical g a lion syria at the same time we see gaining in this new formulation of dynamic them and the region many songs. so that to head

a saw the right and specialist in rainy and a fast as we've been reporting off the 13 years of civil war, the serial position has announced on state television, not the rule of president bush. our last slide has come to an end of the seller and takes a look back and bustle a loss of use in power. there was hope for political change in syria. one of a shot and a subs inherited power in 2000 after the death of his father help is. but apart from some economic reforms, he differed little from his father's 30 year tougher rule. the young as said, wasn't originally meant to take power. he was studying to become an eye doctor in london when he was recalled after the death of his older brother beth, the parliament had to lower the age for presidential candidates from 40 to 34 so

that he could be eligible for office. a decade later, he faced his 1st real challenge. in march, 2011, people took to the streets, demanding democracy. the president dismissed the rebellion and called little foreign conspiracy. as it was also the head of the only legal party in syria, the box, and commander in chief of the armed forces, his response was a heavy crack down on protesters which brought even more syrians to the streets, eventually triggering a civil war. as it did have some public support, particularly from the minority l. whites, a sect which his family as part of the syrian liter repeatedly dismissed his opponents calling them terrorists. why bother? unless it won't fit in what you are facing is not a political problem. it's a conspiracy until it is in the political reform process,

continues to move forwards, yet terrorism is not going down. as the war dragged on, it was the backing of allies russia and did on which provided political and military support that allowed a said to recapture territory and hold onto power. shows that the whole for them, what is government, was unable to redeem legitimacy in the eyes of much of the international community in the shadow of war, he held the elections in government control territories that were dismissed by many as on democratic and dislike, never winning the war he survived, but with a narrow support base and with only partial control of the country. the syrian leader was always uncompromising and defiant and ignored a you and lead political process to bring about a democratic transition. this one, seen as a reformist, a said stands accused of using chemical weapons against his own people. his

government was responsible for killing and imprisoning thousands, displacing millions and for starving, those who lived in besieged area is controlled by the rebels. for c is, you wouldn't always be remember as the president to exhibit it's very low leadership. he's the one to actually who destroyed his country, displays his own deeper and she's not on the loss. is one of the laws that entire i'm not in elections in 2021, said 17 more years in power in 2023. after more than 12 years of conflict as it was. welcome back into the era bleak by the same error of states that once shunned him. but the situation on the ground remain the same. syrians who were hoping for a new beginning were still living and economic collapse and

a humanitarian crisis. and in late 2024, the long stagnant war came z. a ring back with the rapid advance of all physician fighters quickly took control of several major cities at a time when, as its allies were busy with their own conflicts elsewhere. but bush shot and said, we've the country in ruins and millions of syrians wondering what's next for this ancient nation or us president elect donald trump has just posted on his social media platform trunk, trunk, truth, truth, social. and this is what he had to say outside is gone, he has fled his country, his protect the russia, led by blad metuse and was not interested in protecting him any longer. we also added that russia's lost all interest in syria because of ukraine. and there should be an immediate cease fire. negotiations should begin speak now some of the last

3 years. of course, the professor at the doe institute of graduate studies mohammed, good to see you again. so a historic moment here, but a good opportunity on the back of that tweet that by donald trump, to talk about the ramifications here globally of what has happened here. because this is not just going to affect the syrian people, it's the region as a whole. it is also about the united states and how the united states will react. so let's start with at the us. and of course there is about to be a transition of power in washington. donald trump has already said he does not want to be involved in the syrian conflict. however, what the west does matches to what happens on the ground in syria, whether they support the group h days, h t s will not. so to talk me through all the different parts here. yeah, so, i mean, the us role is a very significant move, 1st of all and to, to your point i,

there are geo political fingerprints all over all over syria. you have different groups backed by, by different foreign entity. so that's the 1st thing to note here in the us has it has a major stake whether donald trump, uh uh, you know, likes that or not. and i, and i have, you know, that question, that's an open question. what is he going to do about that ne territory which is uh, you know, effectively and governs now by a d. c office, this curtis for us, the, the syrian, the defense forces, right? the us supports that group. what is the us going to do going forward? are they going to continue to offer that support? are they going to support the democratic transition? right, so there are a lot of questions to the us also designated h t. s a at the leadership, a terrorist organization. are they going to maintain that designation? are they going to, are they going to drop it? that's another open question. they're also sanctions against, against the serious. so i don't really have answers. i have more questions probably

than answers. but these are things that we, that we have to sort of keep uh, keep our eye on in the coming uh, you know, days, weeks and months. h t s the highest, puffy i'll just, um, uh, this is the group that, that is essentially needing the opposition. what tell us a bit more about this group because they have an interesting history don't they? including the lead uh they have essentially re branded themselves a split himself off from al qaeda. the lead to boot mohammed al gilani himself as we branded himself at his image wearing the western style out fits presumably to make themselves more palatable to the west. uh would tell us a bit about that. yeah, i mean, well, uh you kind of just described as the, you know, part of the recent history, right. this is a, uh, a former kind of car the off shoot. they've said that they disagree with. i'm fighters, most problematic tactics. in particular, daphne has called out of the for targeting civilians in,

in the west and elsewhere. he says that these, these practices contradict his understanding of islam. so that's something very significant and kind of under cuts the terrace designation that has been applied to hate. the idea shown um in, in recent days, he's released statements calling. i use this is practices barberic and he actually used, he use that word. he's been calling on his fighters to protect minorities, right. god speaking to all the white minorities, christian minorities and other minorities in sir, you know, he's been saying to the minorities, we do not want you to lease that. we believe that you know, that the diversity is one of syria's strengths. right? so these are really interesting statements that kind of, as i say, if you don't under cut, some of the narrative around around is around this group. but as other analysts of

note at the proof will be in the pudding they're going to have their chance. it appears to govern at least during the interim, and we'll have to see whether this rhetoric is transformed into actual policy on the ground mohammed as usual. fantastic analysis mohammed. i'm asked for a professor at the doha institute for graduate studies. fell through an opposition. the finances have been celebrating in the city of homes located in west, in syria homes, was the fed may just as a captive by the off position. it was a major opposition center during the 2011 uprising against special assets. and as the se fell to the opposition, the need to us the higher talk they all sound group. i'm a home at all. giovanni, we've just been speaking about him, cold for a peaceful transition. one of your brothers,

we are living in the final moments of the liberation of homes by the will of god. this is a historic event that will distinguish between truth and false that we are following which are heading, as we have advised them in the past to show compassion to the people or whoever lays down the weapon is to be granted the safety and whoever please is not to be proceeding to a serious political and territorial landscape has been transformed in the space of missile over a week. 5 anita of hyatt tossed a awesome boom, a homage l delani and his finances. barbara and golf and looks at his aims in what it could mean for the future of syria. he's a match just the mind leading the charge of fights as in syria. but nicholas known about upper mohammed alto lani is no stranger to the position, the noble. he's the leader of how i asked her it. she became prominent in 2016 when he announced the re branding his group. i'm a jump out on the stress and it spits from,

i'll kind of get the his go to create what he said was an add to a shame front in syria. i went into mosque as in 1992 and i lost track of july and they took a suit and in one he says, references family history of expulsion from the now the pied girl and hides after the creation of israel and 2003 up to the us inflation of the rock. giovanni left syria joining alcorda in iraq, which led to his subsequent arrest and in 2011, to return to syria as a fond of on this row. to take part in the revolution against preston, special alice and most recently, been trying to present a more moderate view of the revolution to take back syria from decades of assets. brit for rule. the a below that evolution that he's began entering the city of how may i have to send it ties up the wound that has to be left and celia for 40 years. i as good that it

might be that the to be a conquest in which there is no event, but somebody that you know, got in the southern offensive by opposition fighters in syria, quote, much of the world by surprise. and giovanni is now trying to send a message to allies of the syrian government that this time, things a different the come in the same way, it all can prime minister him how much he asked with any distance his country late keep from the water between it on and the region, we urge him to distance it. ok from entering the new furnace. so what's happening in syria to and how to do the with the mosque cause now under the control of a position fighters and talk to more than a decade of conflict. the well to be look into upper mohammed l giovanni to see what type of transition it brings to syria. proper. notice era. the humans invoice to syria has cold for odds and talks in geneva to ensure an

orderly transition. gail pettus and set down without is there is different lots, i guess a james based on the sidelines that the doha for him here in castle. so i think what is important is that be, is able to find a situation where there is a political way of doing this. and the political way, as i said, needs to be very different from what it has been before. it needs to be a process that is inclusive of everyone. and we have a really focus on that. the nice now to be, you know, unity stability. this area is able to restore the silver and that they owe this territory with a new. so, you know, i said a vision back on the constitution, but what they need to work on is an understanding that there needs to be a new social contract and serial. that brings to siri and paper together. lot owns that needs to be heated. and lot of challenges,

and that's the only way forward that speak now to kenneth ross. he's the former executive director of human rights watch. he's conducted several investigations of rights abuses in syria and joins us now from geneva. thank you for your time. you've described the syrian regime in the past is one of the most brutal regimes on fuel reaction to that for today. as i am, as a few people are shedding any tears or with the demise of the saw, i appreciate it. this is really one of the world's most roof best machines. and if you think about what they've done, you know, they, they've executed or tortured to death, thousands upon thousands of prisoners. and they've used chemical weapons against their own people. they dropped repeatedly these notorious barrow box so filled with shrapnel, designed to maximize damage and still being areas when those areas were held by the on deposition. so this is a man who has been willing to do absolutely anything to retain power with the fact

that, you know, some 12000000 syrians were forced from their homes, roughly half in the exile comp displaced within the country. so, you know, we also that this is a, an important new beginning. we don't really know that much about h t as together they, they say that they have reform from the, our, our kind of past. they wouldn't be getting better during that deciding. we just hope that this continues and this really densmart a be positive news stop. but the syrian people, you mentioned the presence, i mean, we've seen jubilant scenes at the main present in damascus and elsewhere where the opposition has gone to free people who've been in prison inside for years without trial, without many of them seeing their families. you've documented a lot of what's been happening in prisons in siri on the syrian regime. tell us more about how many of the people got into those presence and the treatment that well, i mean, tens of thousands of people in prison. what's remarkable is that we're hearing now

of prisoners released where their families hadn't heard from them for dec. i mean, this is just, you know, it's so brutally server. i think the best inside we had into the prisons was when a performer series and military photographer would use the code name, caesar escaped with photographs show owing roughly 7000 bodies. these are people who have been killed in a thoughts, credits. so that gives you a sense of the magnitude fatality that took place here, and the people being released now, you know, their lights have been destroyed by years and years detention. but at least of the lucky ones they survived. you mentioned the group h t s a of course it, and some of its partners do, does do have a vine and pulse with allegations of conducting human rights abuses. it is also still prescribed as a terrorist organization by the u. n. in several governments. how concerned are you

really about them essentially being in power of a country? huge need divided by lots and lots of sex. well, i have to say, i've been referred to by the statements of giovanni, the interest. yes. liter. stressing that the, the diversity of syria stressing the importance of, of respecting these differences. you know, at the same time, they've governed it with, and now the northwestern providence for, for years. and, you know, while they have not replicated decides, brutality. it's not as if they've been tolerant of descent. so you know, a lot remains to be c. okay. and you know, is it easy? she is really going to allow some more rights respecting version of syria. could you go into a bit more detail about what you mean by that? as you say, they have uh, held control of it live. uh they have been, uh, essentially like the de facto government. that for some time what, what have you,

as an organization? what can you tell us about the rules that but they were, they really did try to build up a civilian government. so they were she and allowing the transfer of some monitoring aid from turkey into north of northwestern syria up they, you know, began to build institutions in a schools they tried to resurrect the hospitals, but on the syrian and russian governments for bombing. so in that sense, they really did try to provide services to the certain people and show themselves, you know, ready to be a government in that sense. but, you know, of course, what you didn't have any live is and opposition media, you know, opposite of political parties. critics, i mean, these basic political freedoms. they didn't tower. and i hope that, you know, now the big one of the war now, but they're not fighting against the side dictatorship. that a more politically tolerant version of h t. s. was with us on the go on and the prime minister essentially saying that, you know, he will allow the people to choose the next need to what are the main things you

will be watching as a human rights group. when it comes to the political transition, i think it's important to recognize that, you know, one can't just, you know, so the snap will actually tomorrow, when you've had a brutal dictatorship like this, you really do need to, to prepare. and so the 1st step should be negotiation for some kind of transitional government that, you know, allows typical parties to merge civil house and independent media to merge up. and then you go to full elections, you know, a year to 3 years down the road. when, when in fact you know, people have been able to prepare and, and that's the kind of democratic transition that is most likely to succeed. okay, really good to get you inside kind of rough form and director of human rights watch . speaking to a staff from geneva, david's a rush is professor national defense university. i'm still in the pen skins. all right, so for raven peninsula fast, he says the opposition group, pilots,

the hey osh, um or a staff is trying to present itself as a conciliatory partner even before you get to rebuilding sure you have the challenge of coverage. serious. so, um and so the side regimes, the russians, uranium for years have tried to depict all of the opposition to our side as basically dash or al qaeda. so suny salad is terrace and you recall back at the start of the war, couldn't propose the counter terrorism alliance with the united states. tried to revive all the imagery from world war 2 that was basically directed against ash. but what we saw was most of the syrian and russian effort was not against ash. it was against the groups like, you know, is, is one of his groups in the opposition of asher law such as it looks like,

are you sure the issue we have now is that this group is very aware of that and they are going to great lengths to try to present themselves as being multiethnic, respectful of other religions. they've appointed the archbishop of the west. so as you sit. ready governor, they're trying to counter that narrative, they're engaging to actively show that that's not the case. but part of a side string has been that a lot of religious groups in syria, the allergies, the christians, and the sheer believe that. so this is a sunni, selfish self, this group that will, you know, operate like gosh. and so as they move into areas that are not majority sony, it is quite possible that each us will have problems in maintaining the speed of operations and cochran. i am

the change. some of the news now and south korea's interior administer has resigned. the latest development of the present and briefly imposed marshal last week. meanwhile, the form of defense minister has been arrested for his role in the decision. please say they've seized evidence from king young coupons, office on residence, administer resigned on wednesday, on phosphate president, you use so he all survived. unemployment viruses. haldeman. opt in. peace from his policy. looked out. people in southern lebanon, her main concern for the safety of less than 2 weeks into a cease 5 with israel and the nations foundations to his riley as strikes, kills 6 people and wounded several others. saying this raleigh has moved from the city of time. a tier is without water, one of the oldest cities in the world struggling to reconnect the most basic

surfaces. israel bomb the main pumping station during the war, cutting off the cities drinking water. it was against this backdrop of destruction . the prime minister naji mccarthy held a cabinet session to discuss the way for those to come up. the stability in the south and it's reconstruction is key to the stability in the whole middle east region. and security and safety will only return to the implementation of resolutions, international resolutions and the protection of our homeland and sovereignty. the meeting of the country's top civilian and military leaders, as well as representatives of the united nations, took place 10 days into the ceasefire with israel, the analysis or reconstruction budget, improve deployments to the south of the country. but even as the session was underway and is really drone, hovered over the base, a day earlier is real carried out another air striking the south of the country. by the time of the meeting, israel had violated cease for our terms more than $100.00 times. and saturday evening after the meeting, there were more deadly rates on lebanese border villages. pier is essentially

a tourist town, but parts of it has been so heavily bombed that some streets field post apocalyptic . and israel's continued action in the south of loving on has people here doubting the stability of the cease fire. shattered glass has an abundance here. reopening his shop, hus on improvised. left with no window to display. he decided to display what was left of his window. when i 1st came, the destruction was horrible, and i thought that we have to like, move on, you know, and continue with life. continue with love, continue with the arts. it was anything that's available. you know, it doesn't have to be like materialistic people here. say they've grown accustomed to coming under attack and bouncing back. all they want now is peace and for visitors to return. we need their support, we need the smile, we need their presence for us to feel, you know, stronger and not we're not alone. you know,

you don't have to do anything. you can just passed by and say hi loving these people say their country exist in the margins between war and peace. but with israel still occupying villages in the south of the country, still carrying out their strikes and rates, still killing lebanese people. the worry is this is a one sided ceasefire and the margins maybe getting to say the industry i'll be able to 0 tier, southern loving counseling is underway and gone as presidential and parliamentary elections. the economy is the top issue for many verses as the country tries to recover from its west crisis. in that case. since your severe inflation on high you unemployment 2 years ago had asked for a bailout from the international monetary fund, the results of the presidential poll are expected by tuesday. thousands of people in protesting and george's capital for the 10th day. and we about the government's decision to delay 2 weeks on joining the e. u. a march from temporary state university to the problem building in the

capital to police a and demanding the release of protest as have been arrested. police have been using a gas and watch a cabin to break up the pretest throughout the week. dimitri method and co has more from tbilisi the i'm a serious, quite tense here. right now of course the society is polarized, because a lot of people who we've been talking to was folks around a 100 people. 2 days ago when we were doing a report about what is happening here in, in georgia, we stopped a 100 people in the streets. and many of them was supporting what's happening right now because this is important to them because of that calling for the protesters who are calling for re election cycling for iraq sessions. phillips, which have been frozen by the ruling of georgia dream policies. and there are of course others who uh, didn't want to talk that much, but when the only question that they would answer basically is that they're very frustrated with, with all of these protests with a lot of young people, a lot of young people being out in the streets has a bit of a commotion happening right now. people are moving out from that little side. so

yeah. yeah there's, this is 11 sign that we always watch out for every night is because down that street and from the left side, from, from here, of over 70 avenue. that could be on the trucks with a water cannon coming in. they're not here yet. as soon as you see them, that means right police are coming. oh it looks like right police are coming with the seals that coming down that street. so the likelihood of this being a escalade thing and people will be dispersed from the street as they have been 7 out of 9 previous nights is now rising. so yep, that is the right place with seals over that and that is causing us the in this, in this crowd, not to them because angel and paris has officially reopened 5 years off to it was governed by fire.

while leaders and members of royal families gathered in the capital for the ceremony with an $800000000.00 for spent on its restoration with the help of thousands of autism to bring the 12th century landmarks back to life the and they want us, our top story before we go, so you know, position sizes have announced on state television at the rule of president bush, our last time has come to an end of to 13 years of civil war. came just alice. i'll have to fight says enter the capital damascus and took the city's effort and the states, television building position says aside, has now flooded the capital shall last out. and his family had been empowered in syria since the late 19 seventies to a pallet in 2000 after the death of his father

passed it for me. my, the insides of this news. i'll be back saturday, just a moment, much more. today's headlines, the walbridge sales amazon gets most of the attention. the lush atlantic forest has gone largely overlooked. we kind of have a walk, blew up here on what used to be for families farm. these lands have been in my family since the early 19 hundreds. we used to log plant coffee and sugar cane and grease cattle. it was a very different approach to developing the economy. 20 years ago. these used to be grazing lands filled with horses and cows. now it's filled with trees. 810000 representing 500 species from the atlantic forest. the farm was transformed into the environmental n g o had won the lot,

families still runs it now was one of preserves the largest reforestation project this year has tested for sale yet in the have what reserve people keep moving forward. a forest. we born one trees at a time all through a decade of honoring individuals and institutions working and translation between arabic and 40 other world languages. shay come odd award for translation and international understanding is hosting. it's 10 towards serve. on the 10th of december 2024 in doha guitar, shea come on the award for translation and international understanding from the arabic language to mankind. the,

[000:00:00;00] the hello i. my name's by this is out. is there a line from the coming up in the next 60 minutes? each opposition forces have taken the mouse, just signaling the full of the syrian raising opposition 5 to say they've freed all the prisoners who unjustly detain during outsides,