jerry, on the but take a don't hold back the tide about jerry and independence. it will keep francis economies in africa and the pacific. in the final episode of the series, just there explores how the bits of fights for the french empire still resonates today. imagine tis french, the colonization on al jazeera celebrations by son is syria. after the shuttle aside, is topples, overthrown by opposition. forces made up of different factions. there is concern now about what might follow. so how will syria be governs and what impact will it have on the region? this is inside story, the

hello and welcome to the program. i'm getting obligate all in an offensive as unexpected. as it was swift, the assad government, which ruled syria for more than 50 years, was brought to an end in just days. opposition forces swept through major cities with little or no resistance. the big prize, the capital damascus, fell without a fight. the syrian army nowhere to be seen, and those who stood against the said governments at home and abroad, or celebrating. but what's to happen next is unknown. different opposition? fighting groups found unity with the single aim of toppling sides. but now face the challenges of governing a country, dealing with each other, the strongest, hey, at the feet of some, with split from al qaeda, has been designated a terrorist group by the un, the u. s. t, or kit and russia. so how will syria be governs? what role will the fight in groups play and what impact will us have on the region?

we'll get to where i guessed in a moment. first, this report from katya lopez hold on a new chapter in syria, with people in damascus and across the country, celebrating the end of president bush, r. o southridge, seen a political dynasty and power for more than half a century, seemingly unravelled within days. while on the coupon we came out to take part in the celebration and celebrate with the world . people were expecting this the fall of the tyrant, god willing to re we'll come back better than to fail with a sod no longer in the country. the presidential palace once home to serious, most powerful man, is now open to everyone. people room around the compound with no government step inside syria's prime minister across the nation from his homes. and we are extending our hands even to the opposition who extend their hands and gave

assurances. they will not cause any harm to any citizens. several opposition, groups with different leaders, interest and backers were involved in the surprisingly quick offensive. now, many are questioning this new decisions will emerge within this group of fighters has taken damascus. of the syrian army really just melted. there was no money in damascus to pay troops. people were exhausted. there had not been a peace dividend. nobody could rebuild their lives. life looked very grim under this for him, going out into the future. serious living and neighboring to tier, many of them pushed down by serious hor, celebrated assaults. for about 12000000 people were displaced in more than it took you to fighting between opposition. groups and government forces with hundreds of thousands killed. many say the fall of a sod, well hope you score. so who does this is the happiest day of

my life. we are reborn on this day. we rejoice with god's victory and much of the internal situation in syria is still disorganized. will they truly be security and safety? despise requires at the very least next 6 months to a year to any syrian considering going back to mid unless you for years military support from russia and around help keep us on power. but the wars and ukraine garza and lebanon shifted the attention of both moscow and to ron celebrations, continue for those who oppose the sod. for others, they will be worried about what perform a range of troops with different names here to mission of toppling the regime. now many in and out of syria for waiting to see what's next. patsy. a little physical again, alj a 0 for insight stores. okay, let's take

a look now at how things unfolded in syria. so as we mentioned, opposition forces let and lightning defensive taking over regions in the north, including the economic capital for level hema, and then reaching the city of homes in the south, local groups to control of the city of that all. but the moment the government was toppled was when they capital damascus fell rapidly and without resistance. countries across the region will now be monitoring developments closely, each with their own interests and what happens next we'll now bring in our guest. joining us from dell has about him all, i believe was a barrister and board member of the syrian british consortium. he's resorts and advise extensively on international legal cases related to the conflict in syria and london. hey, paige is a columnist. an academic is also a consulting fellow at the chatham house, the think tank. and also here in del hop professor and couple lots who's

a director of interface peacebuilding for world religions, diplomacy, and conflict resolution at the carter school for peace and conflict resolution. george mason university. welcome to you all. thanks for your time. and i'll start with you. what will this transition period look like? brothers and sisters in syria. this is a very, very special day. this is the day we get 362. so i just want to share my happiness, my emotion. this is a great the transitions today would sort of anything but tomorrow we're going to start the hard for her daughter to have the syria inclusive, syria, as hugo without 6th period is in syria, was the diversity. see the democratic syria. so i can see my, your, the young generation is the street celebrating,

but we know that we have lots, so for lighting ahead and we're going to be 14 to get those 2 bins. our city, hey, it's now that's the capital. the mass coast is obviously for fall in, are you any clear on the opposition groups intention going forward or will it be weeks or months where the reality of the nature of the intentions of these groups will be clear then? and i think if you look at the statements shared by those groups, they are sort of on an agreement that they want the joined at transitioning, but the, to control the country, at least for the short a period coming before the elections are able to be out of there, however, there are many challenges as to who can punch speed in forming this transitioning by the if you look at, for example,

higher authority to show. although the groove and it's lead to a home, how much does your any has been say? and i'm willing to engage uh, change the international community as well as regional actors, how me being skeptical about the reading intentions and the change that the group has been trying to push it. now the real question is to what extent was regional as well as new actors in syria? yes. be willing to test the, the, the, the junior when the t of the statements made by the group. and i think the question to the. ready then determine at least on part what might come next. okay. uh abraham, how much support do these opposition groups do they have internally in syria? so so i think the 1st part of this question is what sort of support did the redeem

have an investment? so if we flip the questions, you know and start with the redeem. so the, then we have seen in areas of that the opposition have come in quite in smooth the control, right? no civil resistance, no people picking up the arms and fight the including in a lot of areas that where for the oil to the re gene and how do you know, come back to him is fighting for the region in areas in the suburbs of, of how mom, this refers the verbs of wild homes and so on. so the 1st thing to note is that the redeem was tortured its own people, gast its own people enforce the disappeared its own people starved its own. people has kind of lost, also popular. and it legitimacy, of course, part of the, the issue of you know, living in an autocratic government, is that you cannot measure in a way which party has more more, more votes. but you can also kind of see what's happening on the, on the ground, whether a lot of the people are supportive of the opposition and the different functions that are there. we have seen celebrations that you know,

they were united with their family members, that the prisons are, are freed. and so obviously there is some support for that thing. there is also some fears as to what comes next. we have seen and heard reassurances, but we've all, we've also seen for the past 10 days and actually a delivery on most of these reassurances for so far. and i know it's so far on the point, the point the tide was just making a moment to go on past comments made by others or 91 of which was back in 2014. he had said that christians in our lights would not be accommodated in any syria. i mean, is there any reason to believe that that view has changed, even though you say this, the publicly he's, he is making other statements, but do you really believe that view has changed? i mean, it's a personal belief is very, very subjective. but let's look at the legacy of so far since since those statements. so we've seen that he has made those statements in the 20142015,

but then he has been trying to engage interact with also some of the minority groups. it lived long before this, uh, this offensive uh, you know, he used to reject the revolution flag our or the 3, sorry, a flight which i'm wearing today and, but then that he changed that. so we've, there's actually been a period of trying, i would say at least a transformation system part for some time. and that, so these references did not start to a 3 or 4 days ago in terms of public treachery. but that said, we still aware of the legacy of that you mentioned we're aware of what happened prior to 2014. we are aware of a lot of groups that suffered a lot of people that suffered at the hands of july me. but you know, to comment on the last 10 days so far, so good in terms of reassurance is with that state. we don't know. okay, that's what we'll be very carefully interacting with and very carefully dealing with an end to period to come. okay, and that's spring and, and once again, i mean, you spoke of the importance of inclusivity and, and that's what you're hoping for going forward. but what are the next steps that

needs to be taken to ensure that there's a new administration on one which it ensures inclusivity? so yes, of course i just want to add the flip to my colleague, but i can say about to a teacher that might, you know, that you, this morning i was speaking was my chose the opposite of church in syria and the transition. and they've been a patient there and they've been very moderate and very understanding. they didn't get to the village. they've been treating the christian a very respectable way also. and i live for my year elective his wife and so the meaning of community, the christian community. so i know in the past with, with careful we're, we're not a 100 percent. sure. what wouldn't happen, but so far for the last few days, my interested community, they've been in a good shape and nobody. and there is no violation for any kind.

as a matter of fact, they've been distributing get breads and knocking doors and think they need anything. so this is where i would go to stop here. but also i have to say that it zip for the christian community in the past. yes, uh the issue is outreach to them, they try to get back to their land to get them back, their land, etc. so this is a very good positive steps. what we should do now, we should then just like relax, we need to keep watching people observing, helping, and we want our civil society to be strong on the ground to keep doing that great initiative they're doing. the last things we want to know is see that to have the 6 dirt in the war. and this is doesn't look like people of syria. they are really being united today. i as in terms of the things i can really do, i need to be comfortable. okay. hi, is it? uh, we heard an appeal made by the special on board for

a serial garret peterson who said that appealing for law in order to be maintained as well as the preservation of public institutions. are you confident that these opposition groups on the ground can do this? and how critical at this moment, hey, it is the preservation of public institutions. sure. but just before answering the question, i just wanna comment on something my, for the 3 of the speakers have mentioned, i think there is a difference between uh giving assurances um, protecting minorities, which is true a journey. an interest is to not only do over the past 10 days, but they had a similar sort of approach to minorities and it lives especially was a jewish community there. but there is a difference between not attacking or violating the rights of minorities and allowing people to parts fade and governing their areas on having it say over

who does what in the respective communities and areas. this is the aspect of july and august is, has not been able to really deliver on despite the democratic process, sort of the power sharing a sort of narrative on this course. the group has been saying not only over the past 10 days, but over the past few years in the area that were controlled in the northwest. and so, yeah, so i think for a really sort of the sort of a genuine transition that will lead to a democratic and diverse the future for the countries what's needed is more than just a shore. and it says no. so going to the secure distribution and the ability of different groups to sort of secure the areas that the issue right now is most of the people

who talk about distortion. and so yeah, they're still talking about one, the oppression that has captured the country. but if you look at what happened over the past couple of days, you have one, the large, a coalition of groups left by the who shot blood being fighting. and is that then you have at local, in groups was started liberating the areas from region forces and pushing them off with us in the way the and the solid. and so yeah, or even in damascus, and this is where we have noticed that the valuations i've been at taking place, especially in damascus, the because there is no one unified, a group that has been able to provide security and prevent violations similar to what we saw and eh, i didn't pull up right after the capture report and i threw some on the coalition fighting with it. we're able to maintain security there because the where the

unified group structure, we did not see that in the most as the whole. okay. the next that you've asked for is that, well, you've raised an important point and that was going to be my next question, but i'll put a to, but he a talk to us about the different groups about him because it's not only hey, at the how to get a some a how many different groups are there right now and these opposition forces and to what extent do you think their id ologies differ from one another on whether they have different interest and goals? or are they all the lines? so as, as hide as a building upon what, uh, what hired side. uh, that operation that started a couple of weeks ago uh, from atlanta to the west. countryside of the point of time. um, uh, was made by multiple uh, all these groups uh, coordinated and led by hate guys. but there were many people, many armed groups there that did not belong to its just were trained by its just, but did not cut out a part of the organizational structure. but also in terms of the individual fines or is a lot of them work from. i left will were from,

from work from home. so that's an important point, not to forget, this is the kind of a serial that in, in, in, in, in, in, in that sense. i mean, i do it all. you can, you will get to that point in that, in, in, in a minute. and then do you, obviously you have the, the answering national army in the, in the north, which is the army that is boxed by, by 20 and others. they participated in some of the battles but so far, limited, and then the real game changer in my opinion is the fact that the local uh some of them former armed groups took up their arms again in the south and in the south east. and its way down and started participating as well and moving kind of west towards damascus. i'm north and the situation of that are so these are not a h 2 as flagged or it's just coordinated. these are kind of former a fighters, the civilians who took up arms and started kind of taking control of their areas and moving north. so there is a diverse range of honda groups. i would say that they are united in terms of their idea of bringing down to government and bringing down the redeem for all it's,

it's, it's crimes. they're not all i the logically aligned. but i would add to a point that not might kind of scare some of the analyst and some of the countries and some of your watchers, but this is the reality we've been living in service for since 2013. so it's not a situation that the central government fell and then all of these on goods are going to show up and start fighting each other. that's what's been going on since 2013 plus a repressive government. okay, let's spring and has a government deciding what do you make on the equation? okay, situation continues now. okay, and what do you make of the different factions and whether there could be internal power struggles within them? how much uh does that, how destabilizing could that? that'd be for syria and for the region as well. this listen at for us as a civil society, one group with watching this very carefully. and it's been a lot so 40 for us. we believe the non violent spice and everything. but today, there is any ality on the ground and the editor on the grounds. we have 2 options or to stay away and watch and get worries or to be close and try to advise and

thought try to be active on the account. we are worried about this and i'm not saying that it is going to be very easy. but it wasn't easy anyway for the last 13 years. it wasn't easy. we all suffered, oh, cd and people in my people might get everybody's suffered. so today we have some difficult time like i have, but we're going to work together and be more strategically thinking about how we're going to change. now, the other group are that we are there, as it should be, society was stronger than before. we know what are you want just to let the old use don't that i'd up spring is not over. now we see that the security and violence, the didn't get stability to that, to syria. now we have to think about democratic transitions. and this is and,

and transition of justice. we need to start think about transition of justice, about how we get more inclusive, a dialogue among us, our syria. it does not for one group or others. the cdl 44. okay. uh hi is uh, i gotta ask you though about the region. and shortly after the fall of damascus, we saw is really tanks cross the border funds between israel and syria. they enter the data from the occupied go on heights, and who is the 1st time that they've done. so since 1974, also we understand that they bombed what they say are military to oppose and the self of the country as well as damascus. what do you think is real is, is and game here are. and how are the opposition groups going to deal with this? it's a very important question, but i don't think anyone has a clear answer to that question yet. is there a has it's on the expansion. i do logy on the strategy,

there is a fear among syria is the, is there a could take advantage of the situation in order to advance and capture in new areas in syria? a under the critics of a predicting, it's on the border for now they have been just signaling the anyone who will get closer to the conflicting lines, but those lines will be dealt with a harshly. now we don't know whether there is some sort of a back turn those between is there a name on some of the groups to ensure the the conflicting lines will not be violated. if we go back to a couple of years ago when the position groups control the area, uh they had some sort of i do some of the groups that had the contact with israel on mint in uh, some sort of understanding that did not lead to escalation between the 2. so here

we have the, the possibility of, again reaching some sort of uh, agreement to back channels in order to give them the assurances that they need in order not to expand basic or to buy a new territories. and sir, yes, but if that fails, if we might see that happening, and i think the role of the international community as well as regional actors, with the key here in order to ensure ensure that there would be no escalation on the southern front. but okay, but i am, of course, a ron and russia, a huge allies of syria. traditionally. what does this mean for that relationship going forward as well? it's, it's, it's going to be a kind of a new one. so i think complicated relationship because they have taken sides, it's thoughts that the uh, syrian people have decided to, you know, uh, take uh, take aside against them and send that to that they've decided to kind of pop up outside. i mean, we've seen already some of the armed groups,

each test included the given florence has to rush out of the 3. no, no one is going to kind of um, uh, harm russian interest. we've seen reassurances on arabian and russian for rearranging and russian consulates. we've also seen withdrawal level all of a rainy and military advisors and a little bit raining and presents in damascus and then a level one in homes and in other places. it's now the time for really kind of careful politics. i don't think anyone is in the business of uh, you know, uh, unpacking isaac, any party that could further just stabilize syria. we need to for focus on what's next. we need to focus on accountability for the crimes. we need to focus on all that kind of transitional efforts, political and from a human rights perspective. and we need to now start working towards the syria. we all once dreamed all 5, syria that is free from. yeah, a lot of the services behind it says all and you're right, a lot of the shop 300. yeah. and that these regional implications are also quite important. depends. i'll just come on, come over to you, just talk to us about lebanon and iraq now, and the impact potentially on those countries and 11 on. of course,

when it comes to the resistance supply was serial was a major lifeline for the resistance and loving on what happens next. so what happens is, even on actually it is a being very sensitive, but today, anybody's people as sort of anything in the streets for the city in the kitchen. so how was your seat in? would you buy these people there? and they've been relieved by, by old what's happening now. we have to be kids, but i want to emphasize that we need to keep dialogue was empty, but we could not close any doors. diplomacy is diplomacy. we need the help of everybody international, me and the vision. if i were to how, what do you call your needs? the health of everybody. when you look at the regional one cities, when you say you need the help of everybody, what country in your opinion, from the region or perhaps outside the region, should step in now to play a constructive and constructive role going forward as the source. i just want to

keep the city and own and see it in the lead process. i want to be city and celia, this is my video is g. and this what i want, and for me we want to never, ever forget who are the countries who stood by us in the past. and they are the one i'm getting to them and we're on the tank them because they win every but the a bonded us and they didn't to think that we're going to be where we are today. they did believe us and they stood by us and uh okay, we have a list of countries, especially the way i am today here cut. okay. and we think them, we think turkey, we think that you, we think everybody but the most important things today. we want the help and support to be in syria. let me just jump in now. so that's like i've done my apologies, but has the authority to go back. yeah. that it's just, they need to go back. yeah. okay. hi,

it's final thought from you on turkey and just mentioning a turkey. um, what do you see is turkey's role going forward and how involved has turkey a been and all these recent development was to through 2 will definitely be a key player. moving forward for different reasons. at 13, maintains strong ties was different hoops on that at all. it took, you also has a strong ties with the political position, the entities under present to this, most of which are bass and turkey. also, how could i live at all relations with allies and in the region as well as international reach? and i think many people, whether from the regional else where would try to reach out to, to keep in order to play a key role in at least bringing group together. uh, using its uh, influence in order to make sure the at the transitioning period would it be

as peaceful as possible. however, it's not clear where the 2 key will be able to play the rules. again, if key of the questions that we talked about, especially rebates and relations with the introduction to the engagement was attached is a july i need a bins and that we communicate to people because right at the shop is the a sanction a entity is listed as a tourist organization. thank you so much. we've run out of time, but thank you so much for joining us, a but i am our that'd be a hate hate and, and a couple us we appreciate your time. thanks for watching. you can see the program again. any time by visiting our website out to 0. com for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook. facebook dot com, forward slash a j inside story. so when the conversation on us or handle is

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there's no limit to how a dream continue to study in your own adventure. now counter everything's the your what's your goal? just bear with me single robin in doha, reminder of all top stories, opposition forces in serial all taking control of state institutions. they capture the capital damascus on sunday, ending the charlotte that's 24 year rule. the fight is an up pushing towards his strong goals and the tech here and taught us. so something has the latest from the capital. this is the central squared in the capital, damascus. on one hand, you will see that people are still celebrating 24 hours after the fall off special that's that's.