every powerful state, it is a founding principle of international law. the u. s. has purchased land from other countries before such as alaska, from russia and the 19th century, and indeed offered to buy greenland from the danes before. 5 years ago, donald trump spoke of wanting to do the same, but then nothing came of it and disappeared. died with your arrival, the bite and ministration. now trump is packed, and so to is this idea? tillman that came out of this era colon donald trump has paid his respects to the late us president jimmy carter, whose body is lying in state trump and his wife maloney had joined a stream of people on capitol hill. bidding farewell to the 39th, the president carter died last month of the age of a 100 is funeral, will be held in washington dc on thursday, mozambique. so positionally, the evidence him online is set to a town home on thursday, off the 2 months of self imposed exile,

he fled the country following the presidential election in october, which he says was rig milan and says he was the we not, not the governing bodies daniel chapa, the dispute meant to weeks, yvonne and protests, i'll just say on somebody the minutes in the future with thousands of milan and supporters are expected to welcome him home at of chop. it was no duration next week, visiting its 1st election initially disputed the result to it is now taking up to $43.00 parliamentary seats and one nightstand is fabulous and makes no sense to put a motion to take office as a represents a blanket and disregard for the sacrifices made by the people and many of them remain firm and their support for milan and thousands of people are expected at this airport in level 2 on thursday to welcome back the nonce, whom on the line. while his return is likely to give some, there it is on his screen, the news continues and on the i'll just say are opt us to get beyond spread spectrum as much as the

is hidden in homes and communities across india is a deadly fiber asbestos. the world's largest importance indeed uses especially in need of this product from roosting to call leaving work is with a dangerous one on one east investigate, especially in just china on which is there the when i was looking at c, i a torture programs. i was looking at front companies that have been set up to facilitate them. and for me, that was a really, a is an image, raise a kind of a transit car to texture. we operate like architectural detectives. we use like data found videos in architecture analysis to investigate the crimes of states and corporations, and to support struggles for justice. the,

the, i wanted to ask you if there's any particular objects or pieces of architecture or, you know, moments in history that you come back to over and over again that you're kind of continually mining and seeing from different in different ways that are productive to you. to so it's almost uncanny that the entire practice of forensic architecture that is using architecture's investigative technique. but it's also turning the forensic case and looking at the crimes off state. me actually sprang out of an analysis of a single object. and that was the 1st book that i've written to life like in negative is exposed to light. right? so nutrition and ones and everything else with kind of be inscribed.

and the scarlet itself has in marriage is a come for the surface of inscription. and it kind of show do looking at the entire process, made me understand that the forensic process happens in court is actually to rhetorical process, mature tauriel nash, or you need to show an object to an audience you need to make claim to that object . and the relation of meaning that come on. so maybe one specific question, but want to open a bigger history if. if i were to turn the question to you, what would you say? i think one instantly jumped into mine is a painting in the k, but less go in a very inaccessible part of the cave, apparently have to go down this long shaft. when you go down this long shaft in this pit is a very, very unusual painting. that seems to be like a humanoid. kind of figure that appears to have some kind of ecstatic drug induced

totally as a nation or what have you seen it goes nearby here. so what's interesting to me is, what is that very strange space between the image that it appears to be making a claim is certainly making a mark and send it off into the future. you know, like a message in a bottle. but it's and then in decipherable language. yeah. right. yeah. and so to me it's a very beautiful crystallization of, of the problem of and the magic really of images. yeah. because there's a moment that when a image is a, made me, whether it's a photograph or digital physical photograph for the painting that things encounter on the 69. and i've seen a stick in contests. stone or some pigment is it's, you know, spread over,

you know, a particular surface. yeah. and the capture, the moment of that encounter, no, the sticking the stuff. right. and, and the magic of images is that to that exact moment of encounter with somehow transforming mean different things. but it means different things because we want to say different things because of every given period, we have another stake to make. so an image is always a think bait, an image is always to interpret the images, is to think about the future is to the beta we are in where we want to be. there's a quotes that you, you know, that is really cursing for me. something that you've said, and i think you quoted somebody else you had in the photograph environment is a photograph of environmental change. can you explain that? yeah, so that was um, a young photographer that i know who's helped me on some projects named william with pseudo just said that he was photographing some work in in around portland.

and it really resonated with me because i thought that's, that's correct. like ever particulate in the air. yeah. i'm super visible the, the amount of the temperature. yeah, it reminds me that people now to some kind of scientific forensic analysis, you know, on painting by turn. yeah. try to do it. yeah. you know, you have hundreds of feet off those here to take britain and each one captures light in a particular way, but the phone can only capture light the capture, the pollution you have the industrial reaction. absolutely. and the way that the light is refracted, the way the things come out of focus. so it's, it's interesting because it's not really an analysis off of the object it but the medium. well, i think i want to kind of like accelerate that, you know, so, so for interpretation looking, yeah, etc. so the battle field today is

a field of images. yeah. palms that deliver to target via multiple cameras in the relation between you know, camera on the drone, the camera on the roku. i completely agree with that. and so you're, you're, you're talking about, for example, what, how does the targeting computer in a drone work or a targeting camera? and what it does is, takes images automatically interprets those images i use as evil. here as a target, there is not a target. there is a combatant, non combat of what have you. right? and so the, that image making is a part of the kill chain, you know, as a, as they call. and that's, that's really weird. now in terms of, that's a very, that's kind of a new thing in the history of images. and that's really interesting to me because of course, as a politics of interpretation to that. yeah, right. however, that politics of interpretation is hard coded into the algorithms that are analyzing the software. and we can see that same logic in things like artificial

intelligence very clearly, you know, artificial intelligence systems that will try to look at your face and analyze, are you happy? are you sad 10, i capitalize on the emotions that i see in the face to try to sell you something or in new kinds of cars that have cameras installed in them. that watch you driving them in order to transmit information to your insurance company about whether you're distracted or not, or what have you working module. that being said, that the world rather than we enter, you know, we left our to go into, they are kind of feel no different of ours. and i think that also speaks to the enormous responsibility that i think comes along with being somebody who makes images. yeah, who interprets them? yeah. so i think we can open it up to the audience questions now. you know, you've talked a bit about presenting evidence and you've talked about been, prosecute, has been consumers even at exhibitions. to what extent do you see that quotes with

a national or international are adopting your, your techniques to actually bring people to justice or yeah, i mean it's, and it's, it's a fascinating question because the legal world is the most absolutely conservative . maybe after our to the but every time you take something a case of us to court, you have 2 bottles. one is for admissibility is showing that you can the today we have the expertise to do it. image recognition is architect, artists have something to say that in have something to discover that other perhaps motive analysis cannot. and then when only when that is a stablish, you can, you can move to the 2nd stage and, and prove your case. and we see that the field of evidence that admissibility is changed more harder,

harder to avoid these models and having accidental um and called at the closing cause the images or unintended consequences. have you had any experience with such kind of problems or using such kind of forensic gonna analysis? so the 1st thing that you do is you just look at the training set, right? so all the machine learning models are all based on a training set, which is in the case of vision models, it's thousands or millions, even billions of images that have been labeled in particular ways. if what have you, those are all words and those words have politics. and when you simply translate language, you know your uncritically into a machine learning system. you're going to reproduce those politics. so in terms of looking at those kinds of harms that are built into a model, you can very simply do that by looking at the training data in many cases. now this

is something that people like open the i have learned from and what the newer model is, the training set is simply the whole internet, the district, the whole internet that becomes the training data for the model. now in terms of proving harms by machine learning systems, i don't think that you need to do a forensic analysis of that. you can simply read the business plan of the companies that are developing them. right? and there is a common vision in many of the applications of a i, which is a vision of a society in which human lives and the most intimate parts of human lives are sites of extraction. right. and we can think about what the predictable consequences of that are. i. e, on one hand, sample of fine quality amplifying fatality on one hand. and then amplify,

you know, some really of the most kind of her effect parts of culture. because that produces engagement and therefore value. i wonder if you would talk a little bit about things tend to waste of battlefield has entered the cultural institutions and educational institutions and the kind of pressure that those spaces are kind of coming on the yeah, we had an exhibition, a big exhibition here. co cloud studies. it was uh, it opened in manchester and it's close almost immediately because the museum found that one that that language. and this is a language that supports and 90 colonial struggle in palestine was very clear about there was calling things the way the where was referring to apartheid. such a colonialism, etc. where inappropriate or even on to submit it can be accused as a,

as, as a jewish person here fund to semitism. i found a bit bizarre but the, the minutes, it's politics and her into those field. they've become but the fields themselves. and we need to not only fight for the messages that we say, but for the capacity to speak for the ability to speak and be heard. and this is one thing and not to or is that we can never consider the item cultural domain. the for them, so fault and culture to be neutral of politics themselves. and very often we find ourselves investigating the very museum of gallery where we are presenting in such a case happened at the width names when we were invited to that with me being uh, realizing that one of the funders of the exhibition was actually an honest dealer. and invest to go to the with me after with me. so that's was kind of the way to

turn the, you know, the kind of the white cube of the black black box into not only a space where you can reflect upon politics. you can say what politics mean, but could explode outwards and become a political event that has consequences in that member of them. we think both had to resign because many other things in active as that they've some tastic work but to which we were on a to contribute in just an example of that. under see cables are other examples of that. and so those became very juicy targets for intelligence agencies. if you are a military intelligence agency, you can try to plant sensors if those choke points for lack of a better word and begin to conduct masturbate with is now in parallel to that, you have the rise of the google's in amazon's of the world who increasingly are building cloud infrastructures that are similarly concentrated,

not necessarily geographically, but in terms of who controls them. and those become sites of surveillance. very similar to the kind of surveillance, the d, c, h q might be doing or in the same might be doing. but the point is a little bit different, the point as to how to evade that. you know that to evade something you need to know how to operate. so to kind of flows yourself from digital surveillance, say in the 2nd is how to turn it around. every tool off domain nation can be to a sleeper ration, you know how to do that. and i think that this is how this is why you need people that i think, you know, like the q trevor know that can think creatively about this technology precisely in order to see its weak points. every empire has called up, you know, i mean, look at what happened with the, you know, see a perfect control with a drones. we were all scared and obsessed about the entire project. the entire

occupation in afghanistan, any rock has been destroyed due to kind of very much on the ground resistance. and i think that we need to be wary of that technology, but we need to learn it in order to, to anything against itself. in the 1970s in the middle east, in the 1st but to find out if they were well chopped some of the decades hibbits in the back to 73 arrow. please wait a minute at a point in the seventy's in the politics. the latest news, as it breaks for the 3 hospitals,

have gone out of service to you by using the mass filters. now face further displacement with detailed coverage. you've read off your patient forces. force hundreds of civil news through this, please prompt this call surface and vit. anyone from the house of the story is wait a minute to reset the it was target thing. come on those and start the hospital has provided no evidence who was so successful the,

[000:00:00;00] the desperate fight to contain multiple awhile finds and the los angeles area. 5 people are dead and tens of thousands of for the homes. the cause of all this is the chance wind storm, a wind storm that maybe role just say this area is not seen in a century.

the other ones are enjoying the south 0900. and so coming up,