stay combining accounts this refugees, danger to men. me perhaps worse than death is the package of surviving the syrian refugees seeking ounces. searches for disappeared sister. mine may suit a witness documentary on a just writing the wrong news of the past are frequently those are seeking reparations from former colonial powers pointing to the enduring impact of systemic discrimination on global inequality of africa's on the development point. now, i'm more of that chances. this is inside story, the

hello welcome to the program. i'm adrian finnegan, off the decades of colonization, exploitation and results extraction african countries want an apology, a paycheck. and then there's a $55.00 member african union blanca meeting and out of some of the to try to consolidate to position on repairs for justice. currently, there are all conflicts and moving to the african states. the violence ensued on a democratic republic of congo in particular, is likely to dominate discussions. so how realistic of the demands for former colonial power has to pay compensation? it is now the right time to be having this debate. we'll get to those questions shortly, but 1st a report from michael, apple repair, entry justice and racial healing following decades of colonial exploitation. on top of the agenda at the african union summit in the e. c o, b, and capital. the lead is from across the continental or discussing how best to go about getting historical acknowledgements and reparations from former colonial

powers. you're at the $55.00 nation block, said hold on, repaired free justice as the theme. so this is gathering at a time of upheaval on the continent to the size scale and the easy single, why the reparations could take the form of financial compensation for involve investments and infrastructure education and health care to support economic development, i think is on financial assistance to africa very, but some estimates suggest development a to the continent, tops to trillion dollars over the past 60 years. but the african nations on looking for a handout. this is about writing the wrongs of the cost. suzy, p. o. p and prime minister of the estimate, the demand for the publishes is not about charlotte or financial aid.

it is a call for justice. it's 6 to restore the good, the degree of millions and the hill, the deepest costs of poverty and equality and discrimination fault. i will financial compensation on a. busy scale is rare, but it has happened, poll marie to is a lawyer who represented survive is of the british crack down on namo rebels in kenya. in the 1950s, they successfully claimed more than $25000000.00 from the u. k. government, in 2012. despite their success, he bones that legacy may be on done. the lead us to get the, to office off by independence lie in the apple kits. critics points out that africa needs to get its house in order saying corruption

crews type talk, receive decades long was, and lead is clinging to power, undermine continental development and progress. while others argue african countries continue to pay the brunt of a brutal legacy of exploitation. forced labor, culturally razor and resource x direction, all of which needs to be acknowledged and accounted for. mike level elders, era for inside story. the, let's bring in a guess from brussels. we're joined by frank, get it. so the system professor in the history of international relations department at utrecht university and author of the ideological scramble for africa and also in brussels. lillian, be a co founder and co director of african futures, action lab, one more, come to you, but let me and let's start with you. it's the 1st time that the african union has

put this issue of reparations from an center at a summit, but is now the right time to do so. and i thank you very much for inviting me. yes, i think that's what union has been putting these demands for the last 30 years now . and i think europe what and you have in countries in general has refused to dismiss these demands. so i think if we consider the shift, the court according shifting the global dynamics, i think it's, uh, it's definitely the right moment because, um, africa is going to be the central for these global in these global competition since it's worth. so it's resources are needed for the donation that each competing power is looking for. but with president trump appending the global, that is it, in your opinion, leaders interests to address the demands for justice and to pay reparations for

colonial era crime stuff. don't they have to any other issues to deal with right now, to what extent is will be a use cool. be a crying the dock. um i think the uh, the changing that trump is uh, bringing into the global dynamics are the impact in europe in terms of heat security. so might impact your in terms of insecurity and in terms of its political and economic donation. and i think it is necessary for europe in countries reconsider and dropping democracy to kind of re considerably. it's the partnerships with the rest of the, of the world. and in that sense, if they want to reconsider the product shits with the africa, it is necessary to the stands. these demands for justice of a great and the regulations that have been at the, at the core of the, their demands for the last 2 years. frank, what do you spend on this?

is it the right time to be talking about this? i mean it's, it's always the right time to be talking about this, but i think it really depends on how african countries can sort of frame this in such a way that your opinion leaders will be willing to listen and, and the, the nato parliaments, which is sort of a governing body behind nato has actually put out a white paper in january that explicitly acknowledges that the global south africa, in particular, is not supporting european names. it's something that the war and ukraine has learned. subarus taught and european and american leaders is that they're not certain that african leaders will support their aims, or when the europeans are in trouble, that they will get that support. so i think it's, it's, it is as good a time as any, to sort of use that sort of diplomatic capital that has been accumulated during the ukraine crisis in the past few years. and forty's, asking companies to step up and say, hey, you need us, right?

you need us not only for supporting ukraine, but you also need us as our other. a guest is pointed out and you also need us for the climate transition, right? all these sort of minerals that you need for batteries and cars. if you want energy security, you will need us. so i think now is a good assign that i need to ask for reparations. and to ask for the new relationship to be billed between africans and europeans. frank, when we talk about repairs rate justice, what exactly do we mean? i mean, so if, if i can jump in. so i think um there's, i think in many ways the, the, that definition has been way too limited. if you look at what your opinions have done since 2020 right. since they moment wednesdays with the black lives matters protests at erupt. thing and in 2020 and this sort of call for the conversation and reparations are really gained momentum. india k in france and belgium,

in the netherlands and, and the, the response has been, i mean, it has been, it's been committed, right. there's been a commission parliamentary commission in belgium. there's been research and france has been sort of an official apology in the other ones. but then when it comes to reparation part, many of these you're being countries then pull back, right? because that is when money is involved and then they don't want to sort of repair past wrongs. and then the argument always goes, well, slavery is a long time ago. are we still response for the conversation? i think what is new about, or what is interesting about the, the strategy that the a, you as an output, ford, is that they are coupling and past issues of slavery past wrongs. they are coupling that explicitly to career and demands for climate justice, right? a climate change is been is the dates of the issue that we're all confronted with. and i think that is um, that, that broader definition of injustice of how the past really shapes the present with

issues that are very, very front of mind. also for europeans like climate change flight the energy transition, i think that's a very smart move to the defined is more broadly than it has been defined in the past. really, and should today's european ship, today's americans be held responsible for the crimes of the past. oh absolutely, i think the 1st thing to, to keep in mind is that we're not talking about only friends of the box we're talking about in the qualities are still maintaining african nations and african populations and in this situation of a injustices. so i think we in to, to, to compare, met with them. i, the guest has just said we, we, there are multiple, the master and the demands are and are, are targeting in new policies in terms of economics. so the reform of the global financial institutions of climate regulations, they're also denies our concern,

but the concern of the restitution of artifacts. but also i'm all individual levels . if we look at the, the situation of, for instance, the mix with children. and, you know, on the fact that some countries, european countries, belgium for instance, abducted children from african mothers in india, quick lakes region and, and hasn't paid with race since with that. and so i think there are multiple diaz and these demands are at the macro level at the community level, but also at the individual level. and i think we have to keep in mind that it's not only problems that have passed, but it's also crime. so until a shipping line is end of the multiple communities in the african populations. and the also the glad to ask for to limit of it's one thing to make these demands. but if the fully on on death is a, as you said in your,

your excellent the guardian newspaper article on saturday, the coal for reparations isn't new. neither is the resistance to them from former colonial power as president trump has said that he doesn't see it happening. and many of york leaders of oppose even even talking about it as, as, as we foot has anything changed to suggest that this former colonial palace will be more sympathetic to africa's demands. if not, as i said about fee is, what's the point i think um, uh that the i go as i was saying there is a shift in the, in the global dynamic, the power between the different different powers. and i think the position of sure of the fact that it has it was completely supported by the we with as a, as in my life, this position is changing and i think it is changing. europe is much more

vulnerable a compared to the past. that's a 1st thing. the 2nd thing is that the also, the position of africa is changing in the sense that even these competition it's uh, the resources that are needed are going to be central. so i think the changes that trump bring brings to, to, to these landscape can impact these demands for renovations, and mix these coal much more necessary tools to listen to compared to the past. cuz you said it's not all about financial compensation. but how do you quantify a what a reparation looks like? what would satisfy the, the, the african union countries? i mean, i think that's, that i think that should be one of the aims of this, of this conference. they're really trying to find one, you know, to mean putting a number on the sort of past wrongs i think is maybe a little bit of

a wrong way of, of, of thinking about it. but i think one of the, one of the things that conference should do is trying to think about how can we come up with a set of demands that are routed very much in the process. right. and i think the, the, the strategic choice to think about climate change as to think about that vision. i think though, is very concrete demand spar the way for, right. i think it's, it's a little bit more difficult to really put a number on what i mean, a number on the, on how much you would have to repair in terms of slavery. because there's so many individual cases involved. and that is, i mean, that is also one of the reasons why europeans have been able to sort of stuff their years and not listen. i think one of the great things about this meeting is that it actually is one of the 1st times that it isn't one individual country asked me, its former colonizer to rectify fast ross. it is the, the, the continent of africa as one voice coming up with

a set of demands and then putting those on the table over and over and over again. and i think that is really the excellence an excellent way for it because things can and then you can really reframe a little bit better. what is that you want to do? but putting a number on those individual and i'm sort of bass robin says, prove it to be very, very difficult in the past as, as we've seen in sort of court 4 cases, right? when they're sort of individual lives. and people can sort of then show that they've been individually affected by the colonizer, then those court cases tend to be very successful. it becomes much more difficult, sadly enough, but it becomes much more difficult if you know if is the wrong and far more and directed out it, can you the spend when become more abstract? so i think that is such as very is very difficult. so frankly, if it's more about not making demands, the, the, the, the african union expects to be met immediately. it's, it's more about setting out

a clear roadmap for advancing the the agenda on reparations twice i see the is demand for creations. and this present moment. i see this less as i mean i see this less as a, as an historically the sort of fits of pattern in which countries have come together when they've been faced with disappointment, when they're, when they ask for um, for economic justice. right. and so after independence in the store and right, so i think about this historically after independence. modernity, economic development is really what is a demand of the europeans. economic aid is demand and that is only partially met in the seventy's, a lot of a global. so countries come together and they form a new international, economic warner, and within the u when they formed this block in which actually quite successfully are able to demand a technology trends for

a funding for the modernization of technologies. but then because of the deck, the we're taking your lives to west jerusalem, where the us sector. so it, mark rubio has been meeting with is really prime minister benjamin netanyahu, and they're just about to speak to depressed sales. and sure they go, that's the thing. and my dear friend michael, it's great to welcome you, enjoy this little with your delegation. it's great to welcome you and juvenile and the secretary of state of the united states. i have to say that this visit comes in the wake of a historic visit to washington. as i've said, i've said and i've, i've said,

and i'm going to repeat it again because it's so true. president trump is the greatest friend that is rollers ever had in the white house. and a visit in washington reflected that in every way and your visit here reflected in everywhere. yeah, throughout your political career, you've been a great supporter of israel and a great champion of the us as well alliance. i have no doubt that your unwavering support will continue during your tenure, a secretary of state. and i also have no doubt that you will be a voice of clarity, encourage on the world stage for the values that we in israel, you in america whole dear, the values of freedom for all those who cherish liberty. you're already doing that . and i want to tell you that it sort of loud and clear here and everyone else today. secretary rubio and i had a very productive, con. the discussion with our staffs and a number of issues. none of them are more important than you on is really in

america stand shoulder to shoulder encountering the threat of iran. we agreed that the total i a told us must not have nuclear weapons. and we also agree that the lawns, aggression in the region has to be rolled back over the last 16 months, is really built a mighty blow to iran stair access under the strong leadership of president trump. and with your unflinching support, i have no doubt that we can and will finish the job. we also spoke a great deal about god. i think secretary rubio for president trump's assistance and helping us secure the release of another 3 hostages yesterday. these are hostages that come us refuse to support only a few days or to relieve only a few days earlier. and also a thanked him for america's unequivocal black ink for israel's policy and gaza in moving forward. i want to assure everyone who is now listening to us

president trump and i are working in full cooperation and coordination between us. we have a common strategy and we can always share the details of this the strategy with the public, including when the gates of hell will be open as a surely will, if all our hostages are not released. until the last one of them is really determined to achieve all the war objectives we said after the risk attack on october 7th, the worst attack on jew since the holocaust, we will eliminate come off as military capability and its political ruling garza. we will bring all our hostages home and we will ensure that doesn't never again poses a threat to as well. the unequivocal support of the united states and gaza will help us achieve these objectives faster. and set us on a path for different future. a secretary at rubio and i discussed president trump

bold vision for gaza, for guys as future, how we can work together to ensure that that future becomes a reality. we also discussed the situation in syria after the collapse of assets regime, a collapse, it was made possible by israel's weakening of your monster access, especially the weakening because by law and the removal of the swallow. for over a decade before october 7th, israel acted to prevent iran from developing uter front uter fonts against those in sooner, right. opposite the golden heights and different syria. and we conducted hundreds of various types, perhaps a 1000 in order to prevent it. we don't know if any other force in syria today believes that israel will permit other hostile forces to use syria as a base of operations against us. they are gravely mistaken of israel will act to prevent any threat from emerging near our border in southwest syria. the secretary and i discuss level on as well. israel is committed to the ceasefire understandings

that were reach in november. we expect the government of lebanon to be equally committed to their fulfilment. the scenes we saw this week and a root of uniform forces being attacked by because by law this was not encouraging . the to you and resolutions that everyone refers 2505917181701. well, they must be fully implemented because by law must be disarmed. and israel would prefer the dilemma and his army do that job. but no one to doubt that israel will do what it has to do to enforce the understandings of this is far and defend our security. the secretary and i also discussed a met how, how the many international institutions have been hijacked and turned into anti american, anti and, and he was rarely forms. we see that into you in general assembly and the you and human rights commission, where anti americanism is rampant and more resolutions are passed about israel than any of the rest of the world combined. and we see it,

especially in the law for that is being waves against america and israel and the ice. you see the i, c, j, and elsewhere, the ice se is rigorously labeled as well, and issued arrest warrants based on other lies like america. israel is not subject to the jurisdiction of the icy c and does not accept the court's authority. israel commends president trump and his administration for restoring his executive order against the licensee. and for moving quickly to section i. c. c. officials. the secretary and i discussed working together to formulate a common strategy to deal with the threat of law for a neutralizes this threat once it fall. so these are some of the issues we discussed today. believe it or not, that one more. many more. we can say that the middle east, it has many opportunities, many challenges, and we, we think we can realize the opportunities and also meet the challenges. and i have no doubt that working together america and is,

will overcome the challenges and sees the opportunities. i have to say that i'm absolutely confident that under president trump's leadership and working together with you secretary rubio, mario the best days of our lines. i still got to come welcome to join us. we'll welcome my son. thank you mister prime minister. it is an honor to be back here. i've been here many times before of as an american visiting and then as a member of the united states senate. but now for the 1st time is the secretary state of the united states, and it's an honor to be here. and it's an honor to serve in the store on behalf of the president, donald trump, who is you've accurately stated mister prime minister is a tremendous friend of israel. there's been no stronger ally for israel in the white house. then president, trump is also a man that speaks clearly and unambiguously and makes clear his views on issues. first, he's made clear as and as you pointed out in the house,

i just need to come home that need to be released and you're working very close coordination with him. he's working very close coordination, but with, with the prime minister in his government and ensuring that that happens, that must happen. it's not optional. and without that, that, that's a goal we share in common and that is something we work on very closely together. the president's also been very bold about his view of what the future for gaza should be not the same tired ideas of the past, but something that's a new bold and something that frankly took courage and vision in order to outline. and it may have shocked and surprised many, but what cannot continue is the same cycle will repeat over and over again and wind up in the exact same place. related to that, the president's been very clear from aust can not continue as a military or government force. and frankly, as long as it stands as a force that can govern or is a force that can administer as a force that can threaten by, by use of violence,

peace becomes impossible. they must be eliminated, that must be eradicated on the broader issues that we discussed as well as the questions in syria. and while the fall of a side is certainly promising and important if syria replacing one, the stabilizing force for another, is not a positive development. and that is something that we will watch very carefully as we seek to craft our own strategy with regards to how to approach the events and syria and the case 11 on our goals are aligned on the same. a strong lebanese state that can take on and disarm has by the common theme, and all of these challenges is a run. it is the single greatest source of instability in the region behind every terrace group behind every act of violence, behind every destabilizing activity. behind everything that threatens peace and stability for the millions of people who call this region home is iran. and by ron,

i mean the ayatollah is by ron. i mean it's regime regime who, by the way, is people don't support the people of iran. are victims of that regime and so i think it's important to constantly point that whether we talk about from us or we talked about has blog. we talked about violence in the west bank, or we talked about the stabilisation and syria, or we talked about any of these issues. the militias in iraq, they all have behind them one common theme iran. and that must be addressed. and there can never be a nuclear run, a nuclear ron that could then hold itself. i mean, from pressure and from action that can never happen. the president's been clear about that as well. and so i close where i began by reiterating our strong support for our allies, very close allies and partners here in israel to the people of this great country

for home. we have tremendous love and respect for everything you're facing have faced and continue to face as an extraordinary story. bravery a nation founded in the ashes. and in the aftermath of a horrifying crime against humanity stood from its very inception from the very day of its birth. against threats from every angle in every corner. and has served as an example to the world of a pluralistic society, a free enterprise, democracy and one that if there were more israel's in the middle east, more countries like that, the world would be a safer and a better place. and this is what we hope for the region and for our planet. a nation that's always thought piece but will not allow itself to be intimidated or destroyed by its enemies. and on that front, you can always count on us. i know long as i'm in this position and president trump is in the white house, so thank you to

. okay, so uh, not taking any questions. uh, that was the is really prime minister benjamin netanyahu, as well as the us secretary state market. rubio, who as you can see, has been visiting western, russo and he's been holding talk, couldn't. that's in yahoo methodology describing the secretary of state's market review as a great supporter of israel and rubio in return, giving his unwavering supports to israel. and that's in yahoo saying that president trump is the greatest friends israel has ever had in the white house. and both a gentleman didn't shy away from a talking iran out front. so is really prime minister. netanyahu said that he had very productive discussions with rubio. none more important then regarding iran on garza bozeman said that they are working together and as a now who says a trump and i rather are working in full cooperation and coordination when it comes

to gaza and that israel is determined to achieve its goals or objectives and that's we will eliminate how much does middle treat capacity do that is according to an engineer who will bring it home to central? joining us from jordan's capital have mine because the israeli government and the policy and an author already have banned all just they are from reporting israel on the occupied westbank. so like i would say, how does that mean? they didn't waste any time. and sort of pivoting a, to iran and sending a direct message to iran, what do you think the take away message from all of that was of the? well, the takeaway message here is that the american president is a staunch supporter of israel, his administration, our big israel supporters. they were previously before their cabinet positions with the american administration. they talked about it all and they talked about 11, all they talked about serious. they talked about all of the military activity that is role is conducting across the region, but they also talked about jobs though. sport was absent,

there was the inclusion of the palestinians. this has been absent from any american plan and for many is rarely plan. it's and y'all who says that he's going to defeat have.