just televised the message or just to use if she would dislike calling with the judiciary and rule by decree and unconstitutional mood. considered occluded. she was then captured, as he was trying to sleep, to the mexican embassy to seek political asylum. 3 months of deadly demonstrations ensued with the use of folders and other protesters demanding the resignation of newly appointed president. b. know a lot of the 50 people were killed. those confrontations castillo says he's innocent from last week, or maybe with the lead. i have never committed the crime of rebellion. i only expressed the will of the people in a political message. garcia took the social media to make his case, saying his call to this band. congress and the judiciary didn't have legal implications in claiming she was a victim of political, which has some supporters, clashed with police, demanding his freedom. we elected him as president,

and now he's captive. here we've waited more than 2 years. can we want him? free castillo is the 3rd peruvian precedent to stand twice at this police facility, which has seen the likes of former precedents and left a few muddy and understand the lou. for now, the court has appointed a lawyer castillo has requested to face trial from home electronic surveillance, promising he won't escape medea massages, i just see that lima. a dozens of people have gathered outside columbia university in new york against its decision to host. former is really prime minister enough tony bennett, the, the organizers say they're giving push back against the plan, speaking engagement, 5 minutes accusing him of having of violence and ultimately discriminatory record games, palestinians, kansas, the us government. so it finds the cut federal funding to the university for not

protecting jewish students during a year of antique guns or war protests. australia is east coast is bracing for a tropical cycle and that's threatening to flood thousands of homes. it's the 1st psych loan to hit queensland on new south wales in more than 50 years. emergency warnings are in place a cycle, and alfred is expected to strike the densely populated region on friday flooding range. destructive wins and violence. waves are all expected to batter the coastline. ok, that's it for me for the time being. thanks for watching audio 0 coming up next, it's the st bye for now. the in depth analysis of the day sidelines is lebanon's ami capable of keeping the peace both internally and externally informed opinion of the united states investing in the redevelopment of gaza. i think could be a great idea. but again,

if you propose to remove the people who actually live critical debate is the freezing of us a id in line with things, goals inside story on out to 0. have you ever wondered about how the police were born and raised shape your life and to now how much easier with some of your life choices have been had you come from a different neighborhood, city or con, think of these forces and on this episode of the screen we look into whether geography is destiny, is a premise that can be false against the across the world and across time. people's opportunities have been linked to where the happen to live, access to services, education, job opportunities were granted to certain populations to the detriment of others

for control segregation. apartheid were all systems we fought against, but their legacy still hans communities and in some parts of the world. those tools of oppression are still being applied today. joining us to discuss the implications of this reality are that i such as to follow an a i research fellow at the distributed a research institute. her work focuses on the effects of spatial apartheid in post apartheid south africa. hassan with selma and associate professor in human geography at oxford university and a senior fellow at the institute for palestine studies shenika simpson, a community activist, and one of the founding members of the north, omaha red lining commission, and jacob faber and associate professor of sociology. and public service at new york university and co founder of its red lining lab. thanks you all so much for your time. thank you for being part of the stream today. jacob,

can you start us off here with a definition? what is spatial segregation? exactly? sure. so 1st, thank you very much for having me and you know, when i talk about segregation, i'm typically referring to the fact that people of different racial or ethnic are class groups often live in different areas. so in the united states, for example, the white people are the most segregated group, the typical white person in america lives in a neighborhood that's about 70 percent white and typical black person lives in your neighborhood, that's about 40 percent black. and it's worth noting, of course, that there is nothing inherently wrong with people living in same race or ethnicity communities. the problem is that we have layered so many other opportunities structures on top of

a racially segregated country. and the important take way is that, you know, every society has some form of some pattern know segregation by race, ethnicity, religion, class, summer, work stream, then others. and critically the, the consequences, a segregation are vastly different across societies as well. i mean, you use the example, the us shamika you, you live in omaha, nebraska, and you said you feel the impact of segmentation in your daily life. can you tell us about dice? can you tell us how the lack of access to don't know affordable housing and a health care affect your life and that of your children? oh absolutely. um, once again, thank you for having me on the show today. i've always felt the impact of segregation and even before i knew what it was and i knew that there was something

wrong that there was something drastically different about my surroundings about my life. i just found the way that i lived versus other people, particularly what i saw on tv. back when i was growing up. and beverly hills 9. 02. i know it was very popular and i would always look at those shows and then look at my surroundings 50 like what was wrong with me or what was wrong with my family that we couldn't grow up and have the manage to logs in the swimming pool and the huge school, but all of the resources, what i didn't know, of course, at that time that those were systematic and purposeful things that had been done to communities to keep certain groups of people a permanent under class. and so i understanding that helped me to understand, you know, how important it was for me to not only understand what was going on in my

surroundings, but try to do things to combat it. so it gets everything from health, from education to social determinants of health, to understanding even higher, brainless, formed, and how you make decisions all play a huge part in how it where you grow up. oh, yeah, you basically shapes who you are in all aspects of your existence, right? right. so, so you were born after the end of a par side in south africa, back in 94. but you have memories, you shared some of the memories with us before this recording about being aware. it's all on equal access in communities, right. can you tell us about that at the moment you realized based on where you live, you get better or worse or even no service at all. and how did you actually make

the connection between dice and the legacy of a par side? yeah, thank you for having me. when i was a child, maybe like before 10 i would see like my older cousins coming to my house before they gave birth. so coming to my house is because my house was close to a hospital so they would not be able to rely on like public services like an ambulance to be able to take them. when do you call it in an emergency? your country never lie or an ambulance is when you come from, even like a village or townships, a lot of the population of south africa still lives in villages. but this is still the same reality that they face. oh is i wish michael was talking about the perpetuation of, of certain classes. right. and keeping certain parts of the population just stuck where they are and palestinians living under is really occupation today experience

conditions the understand to national and many other organizations have said amount to apartheid because of the many power levels with the institutionalized segregation in place in south africa until the ninety's and that impacts virtually all aspects of life in the occupied territories. including moving from point a to point b is really activist. and during the list under a center, this 1st hand account of a journey across the occupied westbank or the lack of freedom of movement is one of the most of the effects of life solved by citizens in the west bank. if you're essentially you can freely across the green line and go from assessments, assessments, and as well as being in sometimes you struggle in order to get out of your own village. i was just giving an example of my past 2 days and it was the thing we're trying to get from tumbling that. i'm all of that right now, which and the normal circumstances without check points would take us maybe an hour and a half, 2 hours. but the direct roads has a 3 options to check points,

and any of them would take us anywhere between 2 to 9 hours it's across the deluxe. so today, so what could someone on the me with the catch up department on one of the not for the so not bless, i bought onto june little jamin novelist, a new of the july auto bought. com. it's uh, it's uh the, i mean the image but look at the look at is supposed to give us image, should we not us, who are them we're doing for them a new and the on the, on the i called the gym. i couldn't see any of the other. so we're forced to take a massive detour, driving over this mountain roads, which not every car can even go through in order to get to the different check point at which we can still get stopped and detain. so, i mean, i'm interested in mercy at all, but i had to look at this. saw a little lower the low know the cindy's block,

but you've got one of the more the city but the in the box up there to rise over the mountain. and one of them is close by the army right down completely . and this one seems to be open, but we're going to have to see here's the kind of a check points, which people can spend hours of one hours upon hours. all of them are queuing in order to cross the how many check point that way. and there is probably even longer line on the other side of people killing in order to get out of it from the other side. and this isn't, as rarely car was kansas, but this is the zip codes of the junction, which is a common place for sense less to throw stones at passing, posted in vehicles, hundreds of cars. and this is the check boys around them, all of which is a tiny section of a just to leave the town for any reason. you need to stand in line for hours and

hours and hours the under the 1st. we have to go with japan, was that daina charges and i was going to you or somebody to medina, johnny margie's having taken a mess of detroit. we finally got the singles, which is under constant attack by side window is offensive, which has been nearly completely blocked off out of 6 roads that lead into the village. and the one is open right now. and this lots has been standing there for a year in the phone. so since before the 7 and the 3, obviously the 1st 5 to wire at the end so that people cannot someone's walk in the road over here on the one side, it's open to buttons out of sight. it leads directly to set the cars are completely

incapable for going through have a 1000000 stories of this kind of thing. especially when i go around with me, posted in friends and colleagues, frequently get detained, to check for himself of our search within next to a military bases. and i remember these moments when i just started going around the west bank with my post in a colleagues the way that you go from point a to point be checking groups as which say which check points are open now, then you just ask people on the roads, how do we get that the response? it sounds like, oh, you can take this road because there was a check point that has closed and this road has been blocked by rocks. and so you can take that route and, but there are frequently sent elizabeth throwing rocks at 1st in front of so you need to be careful and that's just the reality and not just full journalist, an activist, but for every boxing. and then the with bank has them and that reality has been going on for decades. obviously this is nothing new, but we saw that for those who don't know this reality, this is a very concrete way of understanding just how the stage makes life really hard. for some people. can you tell us from your work,

how this to of segregation is used to just perpetuates this strategy also stomach oppression, particularly in the occupied westbank to yes, thanks very much for, for having me. i think i'd like to start by just points and got the viewers attention to the unpaid roads that the on the, on the driver were taken, which kind of presents perfectly the network of 2nd digital stuff. is there a offered site that is, that you just have to colonialism, has built across the land that on the distort kind of spine. in fact, since october 7th, and the united nations office for the code for the coordination of humanitarian affairs or in the occupied territories. as the reports of 800 up the cause movement, obstacles that had been put in place by the army in the west bank at ease. it was to them and uh, in the hitch to area of, of, of people. and these include uh, you know, for check points, permanent check points,

partial check points throughout the blocks on gates that the army come open and close to control the livelihoods of, of, of palestinians on, i think we should as a historical adept thought analysis of this fabric offline, so called topical flights to is it i, it has implanted across the land of palestine, which obviously is parts and the occupation in 1967, but also in 9048 with that this will session of the palestinians. one thing to keep in mind when we think about is that you just hit the colonialism like other sets of colonial regions like that in south africa. and is reliance on the displacements of the indigenous population to take that land and replace them with samplers. and that happens to most of the mechanisms, one of which is the segregation of off of the lawn to make it exclusively of use for, for the soft. there is why preclude things the natives from using the same lines on so many of the check points that we actually see today can be traced back particularly to the 2nd intifada. but what's happened between 2002004. after

that? is it a and this are you are me. so a task force the devise a plan type. so everything flows that what is meant to keep the permanence of the check points on the infrastructure of segregation. but the 2nd uprising figured out, and it's the same structure that stays with us on. so today on the structure. okay . it's a 2 tiered system according to the postings. you prefer on the job, but it's all america. and that system is up at 11. and so changes on the roads at high speeds for is that 80 satler's, lower level secondary roads, other thoughts? because you know, the public apply for for palestinian citizens. and so i think that's the main purpose of segregation are more tough to find a more collective punishment against the palestinian population. and you talked about their um about displacement um $45000.00 postings have been displaced in the

west bank only in the past month. only since january, that's the biggest displacement there since israel, by the area back in 67. and jacob, i want to bring you back in because we're talking about obviously very 3 very different geographical locations, 3 very different places. and yes, they're all experiencing some form of division within their societies. what do you see as some of the biggest differences, but also some similarities between these occupied boston and territories? the united states and south africa? yeah. this, these cases are obviously quite unique, but they do have important similarities. you know, we can look at housing policy. um, you know, the, the state is the primary actor responsible for creating and sustaining racial division in each of these places. so there are, you know, strong parallels between the histories of urban renewal and red lining in the

united states. with the, you know, the creation of slums in south africa and settlement policy and palestine. each of these cases involve the forced displacement of a racially or ethnically or religious lead marginalized group for the benefit of a privilege group along with, you know, housing and infrastructure development to uh, to compromise that division. and importantly, yes, threats of violence. and of course, actual interest is a violence by the state directed almost completely towards the marginalized communities. also helped reify these racial and spatial boundaries as a citizen violence which is often sanctioned by the states impulsively or explicitly . so in, in each of these places, you know, where you live shapes is that each of the speakers have uh,

mentioned today already, you know, shapes your access to employment opportunities and education opportunities, health care, uh, etc. i would say that, you know, palestine is the most extreme case when the among these 3 uh, but uh, you know, whether you're waiting at a checkpoint and in the west bank or it at a isolated bus stop in brownsville neighborhood of, of new york city. you know, living in a marginalized community exerts very real costs on a daily basis, which, you know, by just sign makes it difficult for people to leave those neighborhoods for, you know, better job schools, housing, etc. so, and to change their life, you know, calling me yes. all right, and, and jacob, you mentioned there the policy or a red lining in the us. and i want to share it with our viewers eclipse from the documentary divisible to help us understand that context. to take a look. they created over 200 maps of cities across the country, color coded with

a neighborhood ranking system which local real estate developers and appraisers used to assign grades to a residential neighborhood. category a was the best, this neighborhood is fantastic. and that generally meant that you were dealing with, well seeing white individuals category be was somewhat desirable. so it's still in pretty good condition. category see is somewhat declining, which generally meant that in 2 to 3 years, this neighborhood will be in disarray. there will be abject poverty that will become an american ghetto. and then category, which was the red area. detrimental influence, negro infiltration, presence of foreign born populations upstairs. it's rundown hazardous and it was considered hazardous primarily because of the people who lived there. by

this time, many lights believe that the value of their house, this is intimately tied to the non presence of non whites from their neighborhood. shamika, you are on the board of directors of this documentary and there was a quote that stood out for me and there we tend to look at people as how they are today without the historical context of how they got here. you really made educating communities about redlining, an important part of your life sports. can you tell us why it is so important? i mean, knowing it's just half the battle. right. and we haven't even started fighting. and a lot of communities here in the united states, a lot of people don't know how their community became and get a lot of people don't understand why they get to grow up in a privileged community or in an area where they have resources. we tend to think we just ended up here by law or, you know,

we worked hard merit. a lot of this is inner, an intergenerational it's inherited well that was passed down or inherited well that was stolen so that it could be passed out in certain generations and withdrawn and taken from other communities for generations. so generational poverty and generational wells were all purposely instituted through systematic policy as a way, once again of creating a permanent underclass. literally not just you and your mom, but your children, your grandchildren, and your great grandchildren, or slated years ago to either be wealthy or to be poor. and it's, it, it is so important what you just said there. we keep talking about marriage in the american dream life, but it's not in her is just the privilege of her or lack there. all right, so to we, we,

we keep seeing these tools being used in the perpetuation of these systems. i want to talk to you about future and about the change because in south africa, more than 30 years since the par side. since the end of the far side, black people still only own a small fraction of farm land, but the majority remains. with the white minority, the president signed a bill into law the beginning of the year, allowing land seizures moves that many. so as a significant milestone towards the reform in the country, your thoughts on whether this legislation is actually a step in the right direction and also how the work that you do in to contribute to try and change these in a politics. i guess. i mean, if we think about how black people today did land like blue jersey of the people in this lands, they occupy that the like land that is not designated to them. and create a slum in hopes that the government will then allocate the land to that. and we've

been seeing how slums have been converted to follow a housing by the government. but this is at a slow rate, and it's mostly due to the fact that the government also does not have the land to actually allocate back to the people. i mean, these are the same people who have been forced out of the land is ago. and then today they will, the ends to actually live in this is more than 70 percent of the population that actually occupies this slaugh percentages of your hand. so i think this bill is the step in the right direction. according to the constitutional south africa, people have right to have a place to live and to have a dignified place to live. i said, obviously the past i'm positing territory is in the occupation. it is the most dramatic of the pictures we've been discussing here. but, but how do you see things moving forward? what are the tools in the hands of palestinians to fight against it?

to yes, i think it's quite selling and formative support palestine relationally in comparison with what's racism in the united states and the post are tied together to use and south africa. new started with the promise of the, you know, geography as destiny. whether we can't question that's, i think we must question box based on some because intervention important intervention dots, you know, it's not destiny precisely because it's done through practices, institutions and policies that ensure the continuation of control over the lines by certain communities while preclude things. the needs of indigenous communities from having access to that not so i think what post apartheid south africa can teach us in palestine. is this insanity precisely of that land question? and the idea of the land must be the distribution. if you know palestine, we have been facing the facts of land since 1948 until today. then any solution for

the future must and vision a distribution of the land to the inhabitants of that lot. and how do we overcome this inequality jacobs? your time? there is no way to, to undo or address these inequality is without, without transfer of wealth and power. but we also need to break the ties between geography and these outcomes. you know, we don't have to have schools and health care institutions if you delete accumulate, well those things don't have to depend on where you live. we can, we can absolutely build a more inclusive society, sneak or perhaps a final word on your hope for the future of your community and the hope of your other futures, your daughter's as well, right. i'm, i'm known for saying that those who come into power through evil means don't tend to give it up for good. so i believe our job is to put the power back into the people. the people need to take their power back. it can look

like revolution, it could look like reparations, but we can't decide on our slavers to set us free. we have to find freedom and demanded for our sales. shamika rice such a hash and, and jacob, thank you very much for joining us today. and thank you all for watching. stay in touch with us online, and i'll see you next a pod. he came into the dates, new, military abuse, poco around somebody. not that all these know you know, character. we don't know such facing reality. how do you reconcile your needs from a security perspective with the human rights folks and everybody who wants to come to poland can do that, but we expect that person to accept don rings, thought provoking on north korea with those extent. now korea is the mirror of what

we need to avoid in the case of you're right here, the story on top to how does era. she looked at the image and she was like, you know, the 20th, like a terrorist looks like what does it look like in a world of increasing prejudice? 5 women stand up to discrimination. i know why people have plus, and i'm like, no, no, this isn't us challenging stereotypes. seeing that head scarf as a source of strength, face and identity. so we say we will need to get involved in because we are involved in the community. we just don't see it, my job, my choice coming soon on al jazeera, the a hey the, the, the, the, the

of the hello. i'm sort of any age group to have you with us. this is the news our lives from doha, coming up in the program today us president donald trump says that a speech to congress that he's just getting started from terrace to greenland to ukraine. donald trump is revealed in an address to a joint session of congress. there's been a sewing in his relationship with ukraine and that could lead to peaceful.