but for a hastily fold me of civilians. ready as long as you have the prospect of renewed conflict as political intentions rise is not something they sold soldiers willing to come to place me so new. oh, i'm not the pessimist. i don't think there will be fighting. it's too cool. we've had enough fighting, and personally, i come from people who remember the war and the reason will prevail and find the better memories of drawing and cray, on by grandchildren growing up in peace time. thanks to the 1995 date and peace agreement that continues to hold me so that we accept the data. and although it was clear that this was in a way, a reward for the aggressor, the author, we wanted to preserve both in heads the galena within his borders and to end the fighting a nipple, stand up a pencil line on a wall time map shows what the dates and the codes achieved you separate entities for both and serves on one side,

both in the acts and crow at so many of the united understood institutions and with international oversight. it was align intended to nit war time enemies together under a new state. instead, politicians have sought to exploit it as a bold infringing division. the bosnian said lead the middle around. dick faces a prison to him for undermining the constitution. and some see it, he's intent, don't secession reviving the idea of a great to serbia that so the seeds for war in the 1st place. but most of those being said, we spoke to disagree with the see you would say so on the camera, the more you missed, i'm so not about that may be is too much for me to speak on behalf of my entire people. but i will say this, we want to be so we want to functional and stable both stand have sort of, you know, as it is now. and no one wants to tear at the part of the complex system of government since the war remains. in other words, the own,

the blueprint for peace. jo, no l g 0 in easton balls now to the u. s. days of alabama where hundreds of people have moxy 60th anniversary of a civil rights riley that led to voting rights for black americans. acts of us involved in the original so cool, bloody sunday, march join the commemoration in the city of selma in 1965 active as marched and racial discrimination. too many were basing by state truth is on a bridge named off to a full last clue. cluck's climb lead to answer for me. my name's side and these continues. have full help. thomas the a ton is called me this policy is missing in the aging to set out as priorities for the yes. how, who the world's 2nd largest economy?

we have to recent trades, hire some post 5 of us, and what direction will it take to manage the worlds fastest aged customers? special coverage of trying to send me to sessions on this one. now this is the final episode in a 10 part series on the catastrophic story of the planet and human kind. if you've reached this point after watching the previous night and besides the name of the series of speak to unpack dicing and understand why would be so that it responding to the destruction of the this and it's ecosystems. in this episode, there's one key idea, or i want to share one that relates to almost every aspect of how we deal with the climate. it's the notion of the dates misunderstanding really that we humans separate from nature. you have so often man versus nature. but given that we are living organisms, we are nature ourselves. the,

this is not a complicated motion. it's really quite basic. but once you apply it to so much that we do fossil fuel extraction, intensive agriculture, over consumption. it becomes quite clear. we need a reset. we need to imagine a create a new reality, one that is based on a transformation of the way we make sense of the world and out place within the and across the planet. a majority of people have one common factor that shapes the world views. it's called anthropocentric and it's so imbedded in

how so many of us think that you probably never even consider the answer to centrism is basically the notion of human supremacy of living things. it can drive us sense of entitlement to see nature as a resource. and it's why we presume to control the world, trying to bended to out every will and convenience. in a dominant will view. we see humans has been fundamentally separate from nature. we just have to know thank which we say you're not going out into nature. actually just in the natural, well what happens when you have a while we talk about human and versus nature, it's mind not going to make to man versus nature versus while nature is this kind of thing that's out there with trees and skies that even the people who care about saving ecological rich as a whole? environmental somehow, it's the environment that, that caring about. not the actual stuff that happens in the environment. jeremy

lynch is an ortho and speaker whose work investigates the underlying causes of asked civilizations x, a central crisis. but here's what's interesting in indigenous cultures everywhere, basically from hawaii to native american, to aboriginal australia, to aboriginal communities in india. and each of these places, there was a such an way of relating it to the rest of nation, not seeing it as a resource to explain that seeing it as a living, sacred and set of entities. there's indigenous people leave me leave. the land is alive and it holds memory in that we have to just fix that utility being system. dr . and paulina is an indigenous community leader rights advocate and research. one of the reasons why we're in this predicament is because this is a colonial power on tending a beautiful country, the living quarters of nature into a result. so when you're talking to indigenous people, one of the things we want to be clear about is that we're not seeing any post colonial framework. colonialism is continuing. it's an extremely like, incisive,

constructive way to see and be in the world where everything is modified. and so what i see in terms of what's happening around the planet is that there's a very big katya of values, people who see the world and build the world and build a relationship. and then those that look at the world in terms of seeing these things in nature as a result to be extracted to be exploited, to be sold on the market for the top prize. in the past few 100 years, we have civil cells from the living world. economic systems have done it for us up political systems have done it for us, but the nice ation has done it for us. roman prisoner is a social philosophy, uh who writes about the power of ideas to create change. his work is being published, you know the 25 languages. i think the human beings, martin, relationship with living weld, actually isn't more than adult. it goes back to medieval times, particularly in western culture. and the christian idea that the us is that for us

to have dominion over, it's the for the benefit of human beings and the we can use and abuse it at our will. but i also think our economic systems have been to, i mean capitalism, that economic philosophy has been one which is also about dominion of the living world. in other words, way, driving for self interested profit, and the impacts of that kind of secondary and increasingly overnight as well. we've created a bubble for ourselves. the prioritizes industrial efficiency and predictability, while diminishing and even exhort a fine the value of other living beings, a natural processes underlying this phenomenon is what's called the extinction of experience of the world increasingly disconnected from nature. yes, we do interact with each other and domesticated animals and the like and useful of

that nature. but i'm deep engagement with the rest of the natural world has been radically reduced in effect, wearable living through the extinction of experience. and as a result, an incredible number of us have no concept of the myriad of organisms, networks and processes that keep this planet safe and habitable. one way to address humanities, ignorance and negligence of the natural world is the theory of ecosystem services, or natural capital economics. it assigns a monetary value, each of the ways, the natural environment benefits human will be the idea of ecosystem services was originally very well meaning ideas from people who cared about saving ecological abundance. and they basically say didn't so well, look, we've failed so far to get this kind of capitalist executives to listen to anything we're saying. but if we can show that and the true value of nature and put a,

a dollar value on it, that's the only language they speak. maybe then we can have some success. the problem with it is that it's really a self defeating concept. so to save this beautiful web, and they're close to a city and you can show these wetlands actually, and have ecosystem services value, they provide protection from floods and drainage and all different things. and so we put a value of, you know, $50000000.00 on this to break. but then somebody comes along says, you know, if we drain the whole thing and build a swimming q resort, it could be worth $200000000.00 pace over. but at the depot level, if it comes even most self defeating because it trains people to only think of nature in terms of the dollar value, it provides for human benefits and not just for human benefit, but for making profitable returns on an investment. and once you start to think of nature in that way, everything goes and in the wrong direction. there is

a sizable contingent of people who will argue that to cub human enthusiasm, to gain mastery over the natural world, is to cub a very natural phenomenon. survival of the fittest. this process by which one organism through its inherent characteristics and through dunning adoption, at smarting and even hurting other organisms, dominate, so to them is fundamental to natural life. however, competition is only part of the picture. corporation and mutual benefit are also foundational to survival. the wood symbiosis comes from greek and means living together. ecologist use the word to talk about a range of interactions between species. this power citizen, which is when one species benefits and the other is homed. commit to listen is where one benefits and the other is, anita hummed, know, helped mutual listen is where all species involve, benefit from the interactions to the real secret of life. the one that is led to

the richness of life for us today is new, truly beneficial symbiosis. if you walk in the forest and you see life just happening around you, what you're looking at primarily is mutually beneficial symbiosis, where for example, plants take energy from the sun and, and then they gave nutrition to animals around the animals and insects, and help to disperse the seat and then meanwhile, fungus takes that waste product and they use that as nutrition. but then they turn the nutrition back to the trees again, and they also help the trees communicate with other trees through them. my cries will fumble network. hello, the whole ecosystem working together in harmony for this abundance, which is the results, not of one entity taking advantage of the raft, but each part has found a way to look out for its own flourishing. well helping the other parts of the system they wouldn't use, it would seem this rather than co existence. we need to co exist with nature with

the animals, with the goods. all of these creatures we need to co exist together. we need to allow them to reach staples potential, then we need to look at them as they are reciprocating with what they do, you know, treat in terms of they set up the carbon dioxide and they produce oxygen like could you imagine what, what that would cost to build a system like that, you know, mean, and here they are performing these as a gift to human beings, and all we can do is destroy them. the prime example of humanity destruction of the very system set the stain of survivor is rodney these ways, the largest living structure on it, the 25000000 year old, great barrier reef the, the gold to most diverse in biotech eco systems. living risk for rating models of cooperation as i spoke with each other,

what they need in order to survive. we can think of the cut over race as the equivalent of a tropical forest because they are the marina presents and that the vast amounts of bio diversity in the oceans correct around total rigs. psychologists who studied couple of weeks, probably most, are almost any other biological researches are actually affected by this deep profound just because the very least the studying are dying as they study them. and, and the reason these research a bleaching is because of the higher a civic content of the ocean. and so it's a virtual search and to the, by the middle of this century, virtually every cover reef on the is going to be destroyed. is one of the greatest in normative for us to get our heads around. what we have done to the richness, the biodiversity of ocean life. what we have done to maureen, was forest plants, animals,

insects. there are those that hear this occupation of collective human responsibility and think, well, no, no, me, don't include me in this crime. now those who deny taking part in this mass, active destruction, either ignorance or wilfully blinds. yes, many of us were born into a way of life. we had no control and, furthermore, with surrounded by systems infinitely more powerful than us. but i don't like choices. do make us complicit to varying degrees, and the disruption of the natural was then as a group to want no responsibility for acre side. and that'd be absolutely. the climate crisis is this. everyone's faults, human and used to climate change, human and used climate change. human caused climate change, so we open talk about human and use climate change. but one of the problems of that is that lumps all human beings together and not all human beings are being equally responsible. and i think that's important. what that means is that responsibility for change goals largest on those countries, in the global nodes in europe,

north america straight here. and so, who have benefited from top and economies and what benefited from chopping down trees and building their societies based on that to often times, well look at this notion of the and focusing which is very powerful idea, which is recognition that humanity themselves are a powerful geologic forces nature, but by the same token, and many people have argued that it's a mistake to quote the intricacy because it gives a sense that all humans closed. but we have to recognize that in fact, because the devastation we're seeing on the us right now is this result of is a global capitalist system. so some people say, actually what is should be called this be capital? i've seen it's lillian era brought about by capitalism. not an error brought about by just humanity of what is the meaning of phone life. all decision is to reduce

the both need to use for our children or grandchildren. i have children, i have grandchildren. i just don't want to face those beautiful eyes asking me and others. what have you done this planet is a gift from god and our common home that we should leave it to our kids in better shape than we filed. there's a lot of tools on people at the top of power structures, enabling ecological devastation about children and future generations. well, we in this room work together, do the hard work together to gift our children and grandchildren and improving natural worlds. it's a great line, it's personal, it's sounds and see everything books, kids, and it's hard to argue with. but then there are the actions authorized by these people. and it's hard to believe this any thinking about future generations happening at all. so i believe that human kind of has called the noise the future,

and particularly in the rich countries of the world, we treat the future like a distant colonial outpost where we can freely done ecological degradation and technological risk as if there was nobody there. but of course the are, and the problem is that those future generations on here to do anything about the destruction of that what it might sound audio, lipstick, fanciful, unreal to think meaningfully about future generations. but that's largely because of the world view shaped by the overwhelming forces of self interest and profit. long term thinking is profoundly human and they have been many examples of it. let's take, for example, indigenous groups who practice something known as 7th generation decision making. what choices are made based on how it will affect communities decades, if not hundreds of years into the future. in north america, in doing a showing

a is the idea of making decisions based on the impacts looking 7 generations ahead . and that is a philosophy of deep ecological sewage in the silence. se, asia, they have a 2nd generation principle where they don't just look forward some generations. but they also the back 7 generation as well to get away onto their ancestors in alto and using the mountie culture versus the concept called rock up up, up, up, up, up is the idea of intergenerational connection. so this concept of 7 generations thinking has always been the now, you know, we'll use, we have a word regard and will garner garner uses the past the present and the future into this moment. now in which you must think and act locally to globally. we are dealing with complexity and so we need collective wisdom. and we even see that kind of long term thinking, coming out of europe during the middle ages,

people and with bills cathedrals, and those who were putting the blueprints together or setting the foundations with know that you need to. they know the children know the grandchildren. we live to see what they are actually preparing. so that's can also be sort of a procedural think. just a sense of realizing that you're part of something big cathedral thinking can be found in many pioneering long term projects. for example, in wind energy and title image of the boat to think about when we re wilding the landscapes that we live in and trying to regenerate by diversity. it's not going to happen today or tomorrow, but these project can sometimes take decade. so we need to, in a way, create the ecological cathedrals of the future. from australia to columbia, to buckets done uganda and the netherlands, young, active. this have been taking their governments to court for the legal right to a safe climate for current and future generations. in august 2023,

the efforts received an inducement from an independent panel of experts that interprets united nations human rights for the committee on the rights of the child . in a 20 page summation, the committee said, all countries have a legal obligation to protect children from environmental degradation, including by regulating business enterprises and to allow that underage citizens to seek legal recourse. the committee's opinion is not legally binding and therefore impossible to enforce. nevertheless, it is a mock of in an indication that there's it, with the people who are not going to let this matter slide over the last few years . that has been a emergence of what i think it was time rebels in which young people and sometimes older people dedicated to something extraordinary, which is giving rights to future generations. for example, in the united states,

there's an organization called our children's trust, which is suing the us, federal government, and those the state governments on behalf of 21 young people were campaigning to the legal right to a safe crime and help you out in the spit both current and future generations, we will continue to stand in our courts in our streets and on the front lines of fossil fuel infrastructure. and so every pipeline has been shut down until we force the federal government to put in place climate recovery plans to ensure a healthy, just sustainable planning for our generation and those to follow up recently in australia, the show i'm a case with group of young people to minister for the environment to quote because they believed that she had a fiduciary duty to uphold the opportunity for intergenerational access. her cd is insurance, but they've been so disappointed because the quote at that time found that the minister did not have a judy of kit to ensure a young people having a generational equity, while the judgment didn't go away today. this case demonstrates that young people

are determined to be. a on this issue in other countries, they've been important because victory. so for example, in the netherlands, famous case put that agenda, which is between about holding the government to account, but not being fast enough with it's calvin reductions to be some of the legal cases in germany. in columbia, in pakistan, recently the supreme court ruled against expansion of the cement industry because of its disruption of the living. well. and they were actually quoting my book that i've written a good as this, the talking about. the problems have been to generation of justice looks that normally get quoted in legal cases, but it tells you something about the way that judges in the legal world is trying to find the language in which to preserve the will to do what needs to be done. it's not just the rights of future generations of humans that's being fault for in courtrooms over the past 2 decades as being a push the ecosystem protection through water cold nature writes the concept was

formerly recognized at a national level for the 1st time in 2008 in ecuador, they called it the rights of patching. mama mother in 2017 groups representing full rivers sort. and in some instances, one legal rights. the one going to leave with a new zealand. 3, i'll try to in columbia and the congo and human are rivers in india, in western australia or in 2016 and, and of course, the other indigenous leaders issued the fits roy river declaration. it recognizes the width of one of the regions most valuable natural entities as a living and says to be with a right to live. the declaration also acknowledges traditional owners obligation to protect it with us for current and future generations. one of the things we want to push the batteries on in terms of legal for listen, is recognizing our end system, which can be a reba, can be a mountain. and we, you know, some of the leading system this conversation is starting to and the,

some challenges that indigenous people in this country are putting up in terms of saying that these rivers are not just photo wise. that produces lockheed homes live . it's a living system that homes living memory. i mean this is a totally different world view. is the world view of the lee? not a will view of me. so when people and fight for the rights of living entities, what we're really talking about is, what is the are intrinsic foundational value system. and the idea of an ecological civilization would be this recognition that we need this very deep structural transformation of law society. so that we're not looking at one group ex, watching the other as much as possible. i'm thinking that's okay. but looking at ways of which different groups of different specialties can bring, what they have to society as a whole and create a positive sum game. this is the final episode in a 10 pot series from the scam of calvin credits to. busy plastic waste,

tick optimism and the why to buy diversity crisis. a sort to get to the bottom of why our response to the ecological crisis has been the way that it, it's, it's clear we need to build a monique logically minded civilization. do i have hopes that this might happen. ready well, frankly, the question is the relevant because it's hopes and wishes made things happen. well, we wouldn't be in this situation. what i do know is we have little choice. and if that's not a good action, nothing really the around the world, there was a when this is willingness and there is intelligence. there are also huge systems and intrinsic interest to push against. ready ready and it says one force of nature that can make this push, it's humans if that sounds a little as of a saying, well maybe in some one time when it's valid. ready because it was us humans who called ourselves here,

we need to be the ones to get ourselves out. ready ready think of all human progress has. ready an edge from our capacity to imagine different futures and i like to find my positive feelings of the future in the present and things that i can see now that i may be not happening on a large scale, but they real impossible that makes it realistic and absolutely new types and it gives us something to aspire. when i really began to get a sense of the devastation going on, on the os around the, this kind of helps us much like, you know, what can i do? one person is this recognition that actually i pod or this deeply into connected, self organized web of activities. and so this is a really important con, now will be going, have you wake up the consciousness of the people to bring the people with you? we have to be thinking of the way to do it up comenity and love it. how can all of these things come together so that we can have just as an equity, not just

a human being upfront and non human family, because without them, we cannot survive the knowledge in team football as a way of life, local clubs of the country. so the community with a crisis, assuming with a struggling economy, the government wants to open the doors to private investors, dividing the nation, come the clubs, protect their routes, or would they have to reshape the game to survive? people empower investigates argentina, football for the people on the jersey fronts has influence over many of its former african colonies may be in decline, but the remains of potency cannot make a culture for a flurry of articles across the french speaking africa is campaigning for change that just ears, investigative unit forensically uncovers

a murky world of faith journalists false accounts, and forced identities with links to state actors. with vested interest, africa's ghost reporters coming soon on a jersey to between 201120138 syrian military police defect to code named caesar collected thousands of photographs of debt and torch and civilian detainees. i said to do was sent to my department to watch me off to fling syria. caesar file stuffed his testimony to the extreme brutality of the outside regina, which was really attorney between good and i'll just very well presents an exclusive interview with caesar. as he reveals his identity and tells his dramatic story, these are on last, on al jazeera, viewing the facts as the cold winter weather continued people in gauze i have no choice but to find what middle shoulder, the account, understanding the reality we are a life african art is a life reporting from the thanks. everybody we've spoken to wants peace with many

of the don't fix it any cost. i'll just say with teams across the world. when you closer to the phone to the store, the the, who's ready for me for my bank. come on, connie will be kind of this next prime minister of the winning, the liberal leadership race, the carry, johnson, this is, i'll just hear a lot from go also coming up as well. cuts of electricity supply to the gaza strip . a mass, the codes and unacceptable blackmail.