hello. you're watching "gmt" on "bbc world news." i'm lucy hockings. our top stories, turkey answers its critics, averts failure to carry out a ground attack against islamic state militants in syria. the foreign minister says they can't do it on their own. the pentagon says it's doing everything it can as more air strikes are launched against the militants in kobane. as an australian nurse becomes the latest suspected ebola victim outside of west africa, we look at the huge cost of the outbreak to the economy and the country's most affected. a massive suicide bomb

strikes the heart of yemen's capital. children are amongst the dead. but on the south, an army check point has alis also attacked. chinese students may be topping many of the world's rankings, but is all that focus on cramming and exams destroying their creativity? plus on the program, aaron is here looking at tackling mental health problems in the workplace. >> it affects 350 million workers around the world, but dealing with depression has largely been taboo in the business world, despite costing european businesses some $150 billion a year. so yes, we've got a special report looking at what could be done to tackle what's considered a huge global problem. it's 12 noon here in london, 7:00 a.m. in washington, and 2:00 in the afternoon in kobane

in syria, where the battle between the syrian kurds who live there and islamic state militants rages on. the kurds tried desperately to defend their town, politicians and diplomats are trying to find a solution of their own. nato's secretary-general has been in turkey. he's trying to persuade the regional powerhouse to join the fight against i.s. but turkey needs some convincing, as emily buchanan reports. >> reporter: battle rages in the town of kobane. turkish tanks maneuver, but don't move forward. over the last few days, the coalition bombardment has been cheered on by kurds. they've been watching with alarm the desperate struggle by kurdish forces to hold the town. and their frustration is growing at turkey's inaction. one kurdish man said, we're here to the death. they should give us permission

to cross into syria, or the turkish military should intervene with a ground operation. but hopes of a turkish intervention have been dashed at talks in ankara. >> translator: we cannot expect turkey to do a land operation. this is not a realistic approach. and with all these comprehensive proposals, we do have our consternations. once we reach a joint decision, turkey will continue to act and do its utmost. >> reporter: across several turkish cities, the kurds' anger has spilled on to the streets. police armed with water cannon and tear gas disperse protesters who defied an army curfew. over 20 people have now died in the clashes. many kurds say ankara is siding with i.s. to prevent kurds gaining greater autonomy. turkey is a member of nato is also under pressure to stop the

i.s. advance. this is a highly complex battle that's intensifying by the day. emily buchanan, bbc news. let's bring you the latest now and talk to our correspondent mark lowen, who is in ankara for us. can you just explain a little bit more why turkey is not at the moment interfeining militarily? >> reporter: the official reasons are that turkey wants the coalition to broaden its strategy before it would consider intervention, so it would target not only islamic state, but president assad. the turkish foreign minister said in that press conference that i just went to that the bloodshed would continue in syria unless president assad goes. but for the time being, washington says look, we need to focus on getting rid of i.s. before we broaden it into an anti-assad struggle. the second reason they say is because they want a no-fly-zone created in syria to try to stop any regime attacks and to try to create a safe haven for the

refugees. but the secretary-general says that is not under discussion. >> it seems we're having a few problems there with mark in an car rakara kara. we may be able to return to him later. just talking about nato's chief being in turkey, trying to convince them, of course, to take a more active role in the military operations to help kurds in the besieged city, town of kobane, which is on the border between turkey and syria. we'll bring you more on that a little bit later. but for now, let's update you on some other news. india has issued a strong warning to pakistan four days into a renewal of clashes across their common border, which have killed at least 18 people. india's defense minister said that if pakistan persisted, it would be made to pay an unaffordable price. the head of pakistan's border patrol alleged that daily indian attacks were at their most intense in decades.

he'd warned of a major response. kenya's president has arrived back in nairobi. this is after his appearance at the international criminal court in the hague yesterday. he's been charged with crimes against humanity. he was the first sitting head of state to appear before the court. he denies the charges, which relate to post-election violence seven years ago. over 30,000 british teenagers are to take part in a study to see if delaying their school day by an hour could improve their exam results. teenagers notoriously not good first thing in the morning. a previous smaller scale research has suggested that starting lessons a little later can actually improve their performance. at least 40 people, including children, have been killed bay suicide bomber in the yemeni capital. the attack appears to have targeted shia rebels and their supporters, and in the southeast of the country, we are hearing that a second suicide attack has

killed at least 20 soldiers. it's a complex situation in sanaa at the moment. with me is sebastian asher. pretty dramatic pictures coming out of sanaa. a terrible attack, the worst they say in the last few years. >> it's the worst since 2012, yes. we're seeing bodies lying in the central square. children among them. the people who were targeted were the huthis, who overran sanaa at the end of last month. they're a shia group. they're an offshoot of shiaism as well. which means they are seen as heretics by one of the other most active militant groups in yemen, which is al qaeda down in the south. so the fact that they suddenly assume this amount of power was not going to go without some kind of response from al qaeda. >> we're seeing some of the

pictures now, which we've had to heavily edit, of course, because it was pretty horrible what we first got in from sanaa. but both these attacks against the soldiers in the southeast and also on sanaa, did they bear the hallmarks of al qaeda? >> they do. the attacks on the huthis is something that al qaeda has started to do just recently. but the attacks on the security forces, they've been doing for a long time. they've been battling. this has been the main battle until the yemen government was trying to fight, to force al qaeda out of areas, towns that it controlled in the south, which it had some success with. so these sorts of attacks you're talking about in the southeast is something that we're used to. but i think it's not an accident that it's happening as this attack is happening at the same time. i think it is meant to send a message to yemen as a whole that al qaeda -- that the sunni extremists are not going to accept what has happened. they're going to take every opportunity they can to try and stir up further conflict. yesterday, we had a similar attack on the security target in

another southern town, which again killed about 20 or 30 people. >> what about the other countries in the region who have a huge amount of power? what influence do they have on yemen right now? >> well, the saudis have always been one of the main power brokers. they're the most powerful, the richest country on the border with yemen. they've always taken a very, very close interest, shall we say, in what's going on. they call the shots, to an extent. they won't be at all pleased by the fact that this shia huthi group, has taken this kind of control. they will see it as a power grab sponsored by iran, which is what many people in yemen are saying. so that brings in the other main player here. and some people -- i mean, this obviously spreads across a whole of them, will read it as another chapter in that conflict. it is more complex and that certainly can't be boiled down to a shia-sunni conflict.

they used the fact that the sense amongst yemenis was against the governing president for not being able to give them any kind of economic advance over the past two or three years. they used that to mobilize people on the street. so they went in with far bigger support than they would have had just three or four months ago. >> okay, sebastian, thanks very much. do stay with us here on "bbc world news." still to come, we'll find out more about the decision in the u.s. to screen passengers who arrive from west africa for ebola. how useful will it be? d when we, it's data mayhem. but airlines running hp end-to-end solutions are always calm during a storm. so if your business deals with the unexpected, hp big data and cloud solutions make sure you always know what's coming - and are ready for it. make it matter.

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some breaking news to bring you now from stockholm. patrick moriano, whose work often focused on world war ii in the 1940s, has just won the nobel literature prize. the prize was awarded for the

art of memory, with which he has the most ungraspable huge destinies and uncovered the life world as the occupation. literature was the fourth of this year's nobel prize. just confirming, french writer patrick modiano has won the nobel prize for literature. let's update you now on what is happening worldwide in the fight against ebola. a nurse in the australian city of cairns has been quarantined over fears that she may have contracted ebola while treating patients of the outbreak in sierra leone. sue ellen kovak returned home at the weekend and has since developed a fever. we're expecting test results sometime in the next few hours, and although the case isn't confirmed, it does, of course, heighten fears of the deadly virus spreading further beyond west africa. in spain, investigations are still under way at a hospital in

madrid to find out how nurse teresa romero contracted ebola. she only found out she had the virus when she read about it in a media report online. as the death toll and the scale of the challenge continues to spiral, the u.s. has urged other countries to step up their response to the global crisis. it's ordered more screening of passengers arriving from west africa following the first death from ebola on american soil. let's take a look at the events so far. >> well, i don't think the generalized screening makes much sense, but since at the moment immigration authorities know exactly where you're coming from, even if it's not through the direct route.

>> let's look at now at what the u.s. is doing in terms of screening passengers who are coming from west africa. our transport correspondent richa richard wescott is with me,

asking questions about what is happening in terms of air travel particularly, and one of the most common things as people are saying how effective is this simply going to be, taking someone's temperature? >> it's a very good question. and what we are hering, basically in the case of the u.s. guy thomas eric duncan who came in and sadly died of ebola, he wasn't showing any symptoms when he was on the flight. and we're being told by the medical people that until you show the symptoms, basically you are not contagious. so we are basically being told that in theory, he's not contagious while he's on the aircraft talking to people and so on, so it wouldn't have done any good in that case. so it's easy to look at it and see what's the point of doing it? the genie is kind of out of the bottle a little bit. certainly in the uk, there are now direct flights to the three worst affected countries, but everyone transfers these days. >> do you think they're taking the decision to test people's temperature simply because of public concern and fear? they want to seem to be doing

something. >> there's only people who are going to be coming into the country from sierra leone and liberia and guinea, so three most affected countries. they're talking about 150 people. think how many people fly into the u.s. every day. i'm not going to call it a token gesture, because i suppose every little bit helps. but it's not going to suddenly stop everyone coming in who's got the disease. >> one of the other questions people are asking is do you think we're going to see that in other major hubs around the world as well? that other countries will follow suit? >> i think it's possible. taking the uk as an example or across europe, it hasn't happened yet. the world health organization is effectively saying to be brutally honest, there is no point in doing that it affects too many people. a lot of the cabin crew that fly around, particularly in and out of africa, are used to looking out for diseases. so if you get five or six people who are ill on a long-haul aircraft going from africa or to africa, they will radio ahead anyway and they would have done before ebola just to get some

advice. so people are looking out for it anyway. >> this brings me to the next tweet from allen eastwood, who said why not stop air traffic to and from suggested k ee eed -- countries? >> kenya is checking people's temperature, but there are huge economic implications. if you stop trade, imagine the impact that has on fragile economies and that hurts people as well. when you stop people doing business. so it is a really difficult fine line that they've got to tread. the fact is you can drive over borders. you can get trains. people always find a way to travel. >> we're going to look right now at the economic impact of ebola, because in just a few minutes, the leaders of three west african countries most affected by the crisis, we're talking about guinea, liberia, and sierra leone, are going to address the world bank. they, of course, have serious concerns about the economic impact of ebola, and it comes as yesterday we broke the news that the bank has warned this crisis

could cost the west african economy $32 billion. let's take you to johannesburg now. i'm joined by matt davys, the editor of the bbc's africa business report. how has that news gone down that the economies there could be affected at a loss of 32 billion? this can't be good for investors or for people who are trying to encourage people in these countries that everything might end up being okay. >> it's not going down well at all. i mean, these sorts of figures are going to scare off international investors. but if you look at the way that ebola spreads anyway, in terms of economics, just on the ground in places like sierra leone, you have markets, and the economic activity is deemed by physical contact. so the only way to fight ebola really is to quarantine. and that is really -- shuts down economic activity. it means that farmers don't go to work.

means they don't plant. and it means that people don't buy at markets. people stay away. and economic activity drops off completely. but the figures from the world bank were pretty frightening and they did scare a lot of investors. >> what about just that fear of ebola as well, matt? i mean, richard was just saying, you know, you stop flights, then you stop potential tourists or travelers coming to these countries. is that happening already? >> that is happening already. in the infected countries, in places like freetown, hotel occupancy has almost dropped off to zero. but even outside that, in places like ghana, they're seeing hotel occupancy fall. and even further afield, places -- tour operators are reporting that they're having cancellations in places like kenya, and even down here in south africa. so the fear of ebola is -- in terms of economics, is almost as damaging as the disease itself. >> we all know investors don't

like uncertainty. that $32 billion figure that we're talking about a lot, it is just a speculative one, but does it seem to you to be realistic? >> it does depend -- the world bank has done some pretty exhaustive research on this. they were looking in places like sierra leone and guinea, they were looking at hotel occupancy and cells of cement, farms that are being abandoned, and they came up with these figures. they are just projected worse case scenario. if that was to happen, if more than a million people were to die in west africa, $33 billion could actually be just the tip of the iceberg. >> matt, thanks so much for joining us. now in china, the pressure to get into the best universities is intense. so much so that many students have started the countdown to the entrance exams over the summer with an intense revision schedule. now the government is worried

that schools are turning into exam factories which destroy creativity and undermine the country's ambition to become a more innovative economy. but is that the case? we sent our china editor carrie gracie back to school to find out. >> reporter: it's a year until the university entrance exams, but these 17-year-olds start class at 7:30 a.m. and they're hard at it until 10:30 at night, except today. how often do you play games in class? you don't play any games? >> never. >> reporter: never. i am going to give each group one egg. this egg is very important. this is your baby. you have to protect this egg, okay? we are going to throw the egg off the balcony. but it has to survive. so i'm going to give you some other things with which you have to protect your egg, okay?

the middle school is proud of getting its pupils into china's top universities. they don't do it by playing games. are you making a parachute? but china's economy can't go on growing just by copying good ideas from elsewhere. the 21st century world power needs innovators. china's been transformed in the past 30 years, and many say the demanding education system has helped. but now, even the government says it's causing more harm than good. >> it's a glorified boot camp where kids are taught to stand in line, to take orders, and to learn discipline, obedience, and conformity. the competition starts in basically when the kid is in the womb. so it's become a very high stakes race that's destroying

kids' creativity. >> reporter: the government now says innovation is key to china's future and there's no shortage of good ideas here. but their future still depends on getting into top universities. and as long as the entrance test is all about cramming facts, there will be no more games here. so soon, it's back to the exam factory. but first, these young innovators saver the moment. carrie gracie, bbc news. >> and carrie continues to look at china's move from manufacturing to innovation in the documentary series "our world." you can catch that over the next few days here on "bbc world news." it's well worth taking a look at friday, and we will be repeating it over the weekend. remind you of our breaking

news from stockholm, that patrick modiano, whose work has often focused on world war ii and the 1940s, has just won the nobel literature prize. now, the academy said that the prize was awarded for the art of memory, with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life work of the occupation. his main novel is called "missing person" and i can tell you that patrick was born in paris just after world war ii ended in europe, in july 1945. so celebrations i'm sure taking place in his household. let's take you live now to the turkey-syria border, the town of kobane, where the battle there is still raging. looking reasonably quiet there at the moment, although smoke has been rising from the town today, and the u.s.-led coalition has launched air strikes near kobane today. but there's been a lot of focus on nato's new chief, who has

been in turkey. he said the military alliance is ready and he said he welcomed turkey playing an even more active role in syria. but turkey has said that they will hold back and are calling from a no-fly zone, and that is something that nato has said they will not give into at the moment. do stay with us. ♪ ♪ (dad) there's nothing i can't reach in my subaru. (vo) introducing the all-new subaru outback. love. it's what makes a subaru,a subaru. faster than d-con. what will we do with all of these dead mice? tomcat presents dead mouse theatre. hey, ulfrik! hey, agnar! what's up with you? funny you ask. i'm actually here to pillage your town.

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welcome to "gmt" on "bbc world news." i'm lucy hockings. in this half-hour, we report from mexico, where thousands of people have been marching to protest the disappearance of nearly 50 students last month. it's thought their bodies could be among dozens found in a mass grave. also on the program, aaron is back talking about this tiny little gadget that's made one man, aaron, a whole lot of cash. >> lucy, we're in the wrong business. he's gone from surfer to billionaire in a very few short years after creating the go-pro. those mini cameras that can pretty much attach to anything.

more than 10 million have been sold around the world. but is this just a phase? we hear from the boss who tells us why he thinks his fad has legs. welcome back. the mexican government is under huge pressure now to investigate the disappearance of 43 students last week in the southwestern town of iguala. many now fear that a mass grave that was found on saturday with 28 burned and charred bodies are those of the students. there have been demonstrations across the country in mexico city as well on wednesday. and the united states, the organization of american states have urged mexico to look into the matter. juan carlos perez reports now from mexico. >> reporter: anger and frustration spills out on the

streets of mexico following the disappearance of a group of students in the southern state and the discovery of a mass grave there containing 28 bodies. it's been almost two weeks since 43 students disappeared from the town of iguala. reaction has been very slow, in his efforts to change the image of this country from a drug-ridden violent place into a new market. these were the final steps for 28 people killed near the town of iguala. too steep for the killers to drag them up, the victims were most likely made to scramble up this narrow, rocky path. they were then murdered, dumped, and burned in these six mass graves. the authorities were reportedly led to this gruesome finding by someone who confessed to the murders.

it has raised fears that the dead could be some of the missing students, but so far, the government says it will take at least two weeks and as much as two months to identify the remains. of the missing students here, the rural school for teachers. their families have been waiting here for news since the students went missing. we spoke with this young man, who e caped arrest on the scene. he asked for his identity not to be revealed.scaped arrest on th. he asked for his identity not to be revealed. >> translator: we never hurt anybody. we were just on the buses. that's when i started to run. i saw a lot of people throwing themselves, throwing themselves on the ground because they were afraid. i ran as fast as i could when i saw everyone else running. i managed to hide in someone's house nearby. >> reporter: mario's 20-year-old son was one of those arrested and remains missing. he told us that he doesn't think

that his son's body is amongst those found in the mass grave, and he feels his son is still alive. >> translator: i'm not brave enough to stand so much pain and the thought that they may be treating him bd adly, beating h up. i don't want to even think about it. >> reporter: but mario and the other families have no choice but to bear the uncertainty of these days and to cling to the hope that the bodies pulled out of those six holes in the ground don't belong to their loved ones. bbc news, mexico. >> let's talk now to bbc mundo. we talked about this last week when the mass grifs were first discovered. but there are manyi shocking an horrible things that happen in mexico, but this seems to have really galvanized people. is it the fact that they're students? >> this is very true.

these people involved, they were students training to be teachers in one of the poorest sites in mexico, to be teachers in one of the poorest communities in that state, so it's quite shocking. and they have no known links with the criminal gangs. so this has been quite shocking for the society. >> so why do we think they were killed? >> well, there's a lot of rumors and the authorities don't want to say anything until they have proof. they say they talk with facts, not with theories. guerrero has been one of the most violent states in mexico, and there are known links with criminal gangs and authorities. and the mayor, the authorities are looking for him. he's a fugitive now. and his wife, she said the authorities have confirmed that she's the sister of a known drug trafficker in mexico, one of the biggest drug cartels in mexico.

so they have run away. nobody knows where they are. so the mexicans are seeing for the first time clear evidence of the extent of the collusion between the local authorities and the gangs. >> is the best theory that it may have been a criminal gang with the police? >> involved with the police, yes. there are 22 policemen detained and some of them have confessed to have links with the local drug gangs and the local criminal gangs. so society for the first time is seeing evidence of this collusion, something that has been known in mexico for a long time. but mexico is the land of theories and rumors. nobody knows for sure anything, but the people are looking at the truth and it's quite sad. >> thank you very much for joining us. let's join aaron now with the business news. and aaron, people talking a little bit more freely about depression in the workplace? >> that certainly is the hope. it's a huge problem in the workplace around the world,

lucy. let me explain. hello there. in fact, it is -- there we go. it is a huge problem affecting 350 million people of working age around the world, and yet tackling depression has been largely taboo in the business world. now, a group of influential companies are trying to change that, because look at this, according to one estimate, the cost of mental health issues to european businesses is almost $150 billion. that's yearly. and it's largely due to employees missing work. in fact, on average, a person suffering with depression will take 36 days, sick days basically, leave. that is, again, a year. the question is what should businesses be doing to help tackle the problem? let's find out and talk to tim mundon. he's somewhere there, i'm sure he can hear me. >> yes. >> there you go. i can see you now. great to have you with us on the program. can i start with this, though? given the estimates, the huge costs to businesses, why has it up until now been kind of taboo

to tackle depression in the workplace? >> it's taboo because people don't really want to talk about it. people don't feel safe to talk about it. so what we're trying to do with this campaign is to help people to really feel comfortable, to feel secure, to talk about mental health in the same ways we talk about physical health. that's the brek through we really need. we need to make it okay to talk about mental health. >> how do you solve the problems? >> it's about greating a safe workplace. some of it is about basics. encouraging managers to really connect with people, to understand them, and to be able to spot the signs of mental health so that we can get help to people fast. it's about creating an environment in which people are encouraged to keep mentally fit, like we encourage ourselves to keep physically fit. so there are lots of things that people can do for themselves. the impact of mindfulness, which

has been talked about a lot, has been proven. it really helps us to stay fit. and there's things that employers can do when people start to feel that they need some support to make it easy. cognitive behavioral therapy. making it easy also for people maybe to adjust their working time so they don't have to go sick, but can stay in the workplace and try and deal with the challenges they have. these are the kind of things that organizations, large and small, can and need to do. >> absolutely. but is there another case to be heard -- if i can say this without being insensitive or sounding insensitive, the benefit for a company -- if a worker can't cope with their particular job, their role, shouldn't a company be able to sort of, i don't know, reduce their workload, demote them perhaps, or the person may not be able to stay on in their job. >> it's really important to understand that whilst employers have a really big role, the research suggests that most mental ill health isn't actually caused in the workplace. so what employers need to do is absolutely to create a safe

place, to adjust work. but it's also important to understand that it's not necessarily work driven, mentally ill health that we're talking about. that's not to say companies don't have a role. we do. we need to make it safe to talk. but it's important to understand that mental ill health comes from a whole variety of causes. >> indeed. tim, we're going to leave it there. great stuff. we really appreciate your input. great luck with it. let's turn our attention to this little gadget right here. a little gadget that's becoming very big business. if you don't recognize it, i'm sure you do, it's called a go-pro. those tiny wearable high definition video cameras. it allows you to capture whatever activity you happen to be doing. not sure why you'd want your feet, your legs going around a bicycle. this was filmed by a colleague cycling around -- there, that's what we wanted, rio de janeiro. around 10 million of these little babies have been sold around the world, and the company's shares -- well, the

price soared since it went public, floated in new york. making this gentleman, the founder and the ceo nick woodman -- see the smile? the big gaping mouth. why? because it made him a billionaire four times over. our technology correspondent met nick this week to ask him why the go-pro has been such a hit. >> reporter: he's the californian surfer who wanted to make it easier to shoot action pictures. now nick woodman's go-pro is valued at $10 billion. he's tapped into a big demand from consumers to capture their activities. but why, when everybody was ditching cameras for smart phones, did go-pro take off? >> a smart phone is arguably the world's best reactive capture device, meaning something is happening over there, and i reactively pull my phone out and photo or video that other thing happening. go-pro is arguably the world's best proactive capture device,

where you and i are going to go do something fun this weekend and we want to self-document ourselves doing it. so the use cases are totally different. >> this feels like a very successful little company, but it's suddenly a huge $10 billion company. isn't that kind of overreaching yourself? >> since our first h.d. camera in 2009, we've sold roughly 10 million units. 10 million high definition go-pros. and that's actually a very small number when you think about the world being filled with people that have passions and interests and those people would love to see themselves doing what they love to do. so i think that we're just getting started. >> we're seeing the chinese come into the smart phone market. surely you'll face lower cost competition. >> we have had lower priced competitors try and knock us off. they haven't gotten anywhere. we've had established brands try to enter our space.

they haven't made many inroads. part of the secret is it's not so much about the product that we make, more so about the content we enable. we have millions of people around the world who are capturing themselves engaged in fantastic experiences and then they're sharing that content with the rest of the world. >> yet another technology company born out of silicon valley. the rest of the world is going, why does that happen? what do you think the secret to silicon valley is? >> silicon valley was growing all around me as i was growing up. my friends and i, many of us thought this is just what you do. you graduate from college and you have a good idea and you go start a business around it and try to make it successful. i think that's a big part of why you see so many entrepreneurs flock to silicon valley. so many successful businesses spawn from there because of the momentum that exists there. of the mindset, the perspective that people have that this is just what you do. >> well-done, well-done.

>> good luck to him. lots going on. follow me on twitter. you can tweet me, i'll tweet you back. that's it with the business. >> wishing you thought of it, huh, aaron? next time. i'm sure there's an idea in there brewing. thanks so much. let's return now to the economic impact of ebola. the world bank saying it could cost africa $32.6 billion. right now, leaders of the three west african countries that are most affected by the crisis, that's guinea, liberia, and sierra leone, are talking to the world bank. some of them via video link. the world bank being based in washington. but right now, we can see the u.n. secretary-general ban ki-moon, he's talking about some of the challenges facing these countries. let's listen in. >> rather than waiting for consensus or consternation, i

told them do not blame me. it's a matter of action now. i think that we can beat this disease. it's time for the international community to step up and scale up, and i thank you for your leadership. >> thank you. thank you very much. i also want to thank especially the president of the african development bank, who has also responded extremely quick tloi this epidemic.ly to this epidemic. >> thank you. good morning. in 2010, there was an earthquake in chile of 8.8 on the richter scale. it killed only 8.8 people. in haiti, there was an earthquake of less magnitude. it killed 230,000 people and over a million homeless. so there are other factors, and this is what we're witnessing

with ebola. a simple epidemic, which has hit a very fragile part of africa. now, we're not dealing with an african epidemic. we're not dealing with something which africans are going to have to deal with. ebola will cross the borders. ebola will affect businesses around the world. the idea that it's somehow an african problem to be dealt with by africans is now proving to be completely insufficient. so i want to thank the u.n. system, secretary-general, the world bank, for what you have done. but above all, for the countries themselves. for the leaders in front of us for what their doing. i think we have four urgent issues to handle. number one, to deal with the epidemic itself. number two, the macroeconomic support. number three, to stop ebola

spreading in the region. but above all, please let us do no harm. now, part of the harm is damaging investor confidence in the long-term. these countries will overcome ebola one day and they will pick up the pieces. so things we say today, things we do now, the numbers we give out must be carefully thought out and calibrated. now, we have provided up to now, committed up to now $210 million. 60 million through w.h.o. in august and 150 million directly to the budgets of the countries last week. but above all, we're providing $10 million to encourage african doctors and african health workers to go to the monrovia

area. the ebola trust fund liberia, to support health pay for the workers. >> global development leaders and the leaders of guinea, liberia, and sierra leone all addressing the world bank today over the huge implications of ebola for the economies of these countries. ban ki-moon opening that meeting just saying this is not just an african problem, this is a global problem. he said it was time to scale up efforts. enough of consultation. it was time to defeat the disease. just hearing from the african development bank there saying that it was going to be incredibly damaging for investor confidence in the african continent, but that the whole world had to come together now to defeat ebola. we'll stay across that press conference for you and bring you any more newslines throughout the day here on "bbc world news." still coming up on this program, we're going to bring you more on the french author, patrick modiano, who has won the nobel prize for literature. we break it. we bite it.

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i'm lucy hockings. thanks for being with us. our top stories this hour. air strikes against islamic state militants have continued over the syrian town of kobane, but turkey has ruled out launching a ground operation against islamic state. an australian nurse has been quarantined in the northern town of cairns over fears that she contracted ebola while working in sierra leone. let's bring you more on the breaking news we heard in the past 45 minutes or so, and that's that this year's nobel prize for literature has gone to the french novelist, patrick modiano, whose work often focused on world war ii and the 1940s. the prize is a valuable one, not only in terms of reputation, but

it's worth $1.1 million u.s. and it was awarded for mr. modiano for his ability to evoke the art of memory, that's according to the swedish academy. let's talk now to our correspondent vincent dowd. a bit of a surprise this one. he wasn't the top of the list for favorite, was he? >> he wasn't, but it's always very difficult with the nobel because you always come out with this list of the top three or four frontrunners, and i would say two times out of three, they don't get it. it's a very secretive organization, maybe rightly, the swedish academy. he's certainly been named before. hugely well-respected. although sometimes controversial in france. and also, at the age of the late 60s, that's often the kind of age at which people are thinking oh well, he's been on the short list for like five or ten years, let's give it to him. but certainly in france, who last won in 2008, they'll be very pleased.

>> and the big themes, his work of time, memory, identity. tell us a little bit more. >> all those things people tend to write about in french novels. he's not hugely well-known outside of france. oddly, the one credit people might know is the louis malfrom, and that was about effectively the french resistance, and his entire world picture has been hugely dominated. not totally, but almost totally by writing about the second world war, but writing about the holocaust and its after effects, by writing about anti-semitism in france by french people in the second world war, so they can't just place it on to the germans, saying that was part of what happened in france as well. he's of partly jewish background himself. he's not a historical novelist like hillary mantel. he's writing primarily about a very defined part of 20th century history, especially though not entirely in france. >> you mentioned the academy is

quite secretive. what do we know about how it works? there are other names out there that people would have really liked to have seen, more popular, dare i sate it, authors as well. does it have to be women one year? does it have to be someone from a different country? alice monroe. wouldn't have another north american winner this year. does it work that year? >> i think it's true that margaret atwood wouldn't have won this year, because a canadian female won last year. doesn't mean she won't win next year. i think probably they were looking around for someone sort of very different. but what happens is you can in theory submit a recommendation, but that really only counts if it comes from a professor of literature at harvard or oxford. every year they have somewhere between 80 and 180 names they will look at. they will produce a totally unofficial short list which they will never tell you about of six to eight. those details are being released, but they're being released 50 years later.

i was looking yesterday at the discussions from 1963 and it's very interesting seeing how they decide that certain people -- yes, their time has come. it's very rare. it's probably actually unheard of that somebody would get the award so to speak first time around. we can kind of assume that this win or any previous winner has been in the top three or four probably three or four times before. >> wouldn't we like to know more details? vincent, thank you very much for joining us about the secret workings of the academy. we have some breaking news to bring you now. we have been closely monitoring, of course, the progress, the health of the spanish nurse in madrid. the first person outside of west africa to have contracted ebola, teresa romero. the news we are just hearing from the hospital, although we thought she was stable, in the past few hours, we understand that teresa's health has deteriorated. that is the line that we have from the hospital. the remarkable thing is that she has been speaking to one of the

spanish newspapers and actually gave them an interview saying that the only time that she found out that she had ebola was when she found out on a website, so she has been giving interviews, but the latest we are now hearing is that teresa romero's health is deteriorating. we'll have more for you here on "bbc world news." do stay with us. teacher of the un-teachable. you lower handicaps... and raise hopes. and you...rent from national. because only national lets you choose any car in the aisle... and go. you can even take a full-size or above, and still pay the mid-size price. (pro) nice drive. (vo) well played, business pro. well played. go national. go like a pro.

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