hello, you're watching "gmt" on "bbc world news." i'm lucy hockings. our top stories. preparing for the release of a detailed report on the use of torture by the cia after the 9/11 attacks. american embassies are on high alert amid fears of a backlash. graphic details are expected into the dark practices used against al qaeda suspects. more than three million syrians are now refugees. why are richer countries outside the region not taking in more?

in-flight anger has taken to a whole new level in korea. we'll bring you the latest on the south korean story of nut-rage in first class. our reporter is the first journalist to make it to iraq's largest oil refinery after it was liberated from islamic state. >> reporter: iraqi armies tell us that -- [ gunfire ] isis fighters from this area, but not all of them. there's still a risk. sally joins us with fresh evidence that greater inequality holds back success, economic success. >> yes, lucy, it can. the oecd says the bigger the wealth gap, the slower growth. so it suggests taxing the rich more. but is that really the best way to help countries recover from the financial crisis? it's midday here in london.

3:00 p.m. in moscow, and 7:00 a.m. in washington, where the capital is bush administration itse -- is bracing itself for a report by the cia. it is so sensitive that u.s. embassies and military bases around the world are preparing for a possible backlash. the report covers the cia's campaign against al qaeda in the aftermath of 9/11. of the 6,000 pages, only a 480-page summary will be released. it will look at the cia's operation to hold 100 suspected terrorists and black sites outside the u.s. those suspectsrogated using waterboarding and sleep deprivation. but it is expected to say these hash techniques failed to deliver results. this background now into the cia's interrogation program. >> reporter: the aftermath of

the terror attacks on september 11th, 2001, as rescuers search the rubble for survivors, u.s. security services begin their own search for information to try and stop any potential future attacks. and under president bush, the central intelligence agency launched an interrogation program. >> in the war on terror, intelligence is one of the most crucial tools for our defense. if a captured terrorist has information about a plot against our homeland, we need to know what he knows. >> reporter: al qaeda terror suspects were held at guantanamo bay in cuba and other military bases around the world. a senate intelligence committee report will now detail the controversial methods used, how extensive, and how severe they were, including waterboarding, sleep deprivation and confinement. it's also expected to say those interrogations failed to deliver useful results. and further, that the cia failed to keep the white house fully

informed. findings that could provoke a backlash. >> there are some indications that the release of the report could lead to a greater risk that is posed to u.s. facilities and individuals all around the world. >> reporter: when president obama took office in 2009, he halted the program and acknowledged the techniques amounted to torture. some will argue that spies did what was necessary to protect the public. others will argue they went too far. richard forest, bbc news. >> republicans who were in power under the bush administration at the time have defended the cia. dick cheney has told "the new york times" the program was authorized, the agency did not want to proceed without authorization. and it was also reviewed legally by the justice department.

he also added that the cia deserves a lot of praise. as you can see here, he says, as far as i'm concerned, they ought to be decorated, not criticized. let's speak to the bbc security correspondent frank gardner, who is with me now. this is going to be hugely political, controversial. we're already seeing the reports, findings challenged, and the report hasn't etch been released yet. what do you think the most significant thing to come out of it will be? >> i think the most significant and shocking thing is that it didn't work in most cases. that's really shocking, that these terrible abuses were carried out in america's name, and i have no idea if you did a poll of americans, whether they think this was worth blackening the name of a country that champions human rights around the world for sake of information that they department get. how did they get bin laden in

2011? through informants, not through intergetting people. one of the most highly valued detainees, they waterboarded him 183 times. to even be waterboarded once is horrific. the really scary thing about this is that if you look at the practice of terrorist groups, particularly al qaeda linked ones, they mimic u.s. practices. so that's why they dress their prisoners in orange jump suits. we know from what other prisoners who have been released by isis have said that some of their prisoners were waterboarded. so this is going to be a very inflammatory report. it's good that america is drawing a line under this. that they're making a clean break of it, admittedly only releasing a fraction of the full report. but they've got to do this to be able to move on and they should never go down this route again, in my view. >> we've got american embassies now on high alert. is there a genuine fear that we might see some backlash? >> there might be some protests outside u.s. embassies, but i think the real reprisals will be

on people that they've got, that they can get their hands on. that's the scary part of this. it's a reputational thing as well. i mean, the good thing is, historically, president obama has taken a very difficult and painful step here. in 2009, he called it what it is. it's torture. and he said, it's got to stop and we've got to make a clean breast of this. there are plenty of people who didn't want this report ever to come out. it's got to report. >> okay, frank, thank you so much for joining us. the report is due to be released today. you can keep in touch with all the break news as it comes to hand with our bbc breaking twitter fooet fetwit er feed. just follow @bbcbreaking. let's bring you up to date with some other news. president obama has said that banishing racism in the u.s. can only happen incrementally. it has urged young people to be persistent in fighting it. speaking as protests continued in cities across the country where thousands have condemned a series of killings of black suspects by white police.

a convoy carrying wreckage from mh17 has arrived in the netherlands. the plane came down in eastern ukraine in july, killing all 298 people onboard. most of them were dutch. ukraine and the west say pro-russian rebels fighting in the area hit it with a surface to air missile, but the separatists deny the accusations. devaewani has been cleared plotting his wife's death four years ago. he walked free from a court in cape town after the judge said the state's evidence had fallen far below the level needed to secure a conviction. doctors in sao paulo say pele will be released. he publicly thanked well-wishers for their support in a video you

can see here posted online. it does look like he's doing well. syrian refugees continue to pour into neighboring countries, and most now face a bleak winter in camps without adequate heat or supplies. a conference is urging to take more countries to take these refugees in. let's take a look at some of the numbers. most have escaped to jordan, lebanon and turkey. there are nearly 2.9 million syrians now living within their borders. the u.n. wants other countries to take 180,000 of them in. but according to amnesty, the uk had accepted only 90 syrians for resettlement. norway indicating it could take up to 1,500 refugees. france has said it may only accept 50. the biggest pledge so far comes from germany. it will take in 30,000 syrians. so what will that influx of refugees mean for germany?

jenny hill reports now from munich. >> reporter: in a single room shared with strangers, the family tries to settle in. they've just arrived from syria. they'd have died, they tell us, if they'd stayed, but leaving nearly killed them, too. "we took a small boat to italy. we were at sea for nine days. the waves were really high. we ran out of water. it was a horrible situation." germany's refugee camps have been overwhelmed. this year alone, it's thought 250,000 people will claim asylum here. and they just keep coming. germany takes more refugees and asylum seekers than any other country in the european union. even the government here admit it can't go on like this. imagine crossing these mountains

on foot. it's how some refugees arrived in this small border town. they learn the language, they hope for asylum, and politicians worry. immigration to germany is at a record high. other eu countries, they insist, could and should be doing more. >> translator: we take a lot of refugees already. we take 40% of those arriving in europe. but at some point, you run into difficulties, explaining all this to the public. >> reporter: especially, it seems, in bavaria. it has one of germany's largest refugee populations. "there's no question we should take them in and help them, but there are a lot who try to cheat the system." "it's hard for the refugees, but it's hard for us, too. we have space, but not that much." for every suitcase, there's a

story. "they were killing the children, no one cares." i asked mohamed what he most enjoys about life in germany. his answer, i just feel safe. jenny hill, bbc news, munich. an emotional opening day of australia's test series against india has come to a close. it was the first time the side had been in action since the death of the batsman phillip hughes. before the match started, there were 63 seconds of applause. hughes was 63 not out when he was struck on the neck by a cricket ball last month. our correspondent jon donnison reports now from sydney. >> reporter: not a minute's silence in honor of phillip hughes, but a standing ovation. australian players wore hughes's test cap number 408 on their shirts and black arm bands to remember their former teammate. the crowd at the adalaide oval was asked to applaud for exactly

63 seconds. the 25-year-old batsman was 63 not out when he died. australia's coach darren lehmann has had reason to be proud of how his young team have handled themselves this past week. a short tribute was broadcast on the big screen, and then it was down to business. and australia came out determined in this first test against india. david warner raced to a century, looking to the heavens as if to say this one's for you, hughesy. the skipper michael clark, who's led this team admirably through a difficult few weeks, was also going strongly before having to retire injured on 60. how he too would have loved a chance to get 100 on today of all days. the thoughts of many today will have been with shawn abbott, the 22-year-old who bowled the fatal ball. bravely, he too returned to cricket, playing for his club

side new south wales in sydney. in this cricket-loving country, people have been profoundly moved by the death of phillip hughes, but today the players sent a message that the game goes on. jon donnison, bbc news, sydney. do stay with us here on "bbc world news." still to come, the duke and duchess meet the king and queen of american music.

how do you like your macadamia nuts served? a packet or on a plate? that is an issue who vexed an executive. the airline has apologized to the passengers for the delay.

let's take you to our seoul correspondent steve evans, who is following this for us from south. give us the story in a nutshell then. >> in a nutshell. last friday, there was a korean airlines flight from new york to seoul, to the airport here. and on that airline was cho hyeun, who is a vice president of korean airlines and perhaps more importantly, the eldest daughter of the chairman and chief executive of said company. as the plane was taxiing away from the terminal in jfk, she was served nuts. macadamia nuts, we are told. but she was served them in a bag. and not on a plate. and that was not the proper way, she thought, as the plane was moving away from the terminal. she complained vociferously. there was a scene. the purser was called.

she then demanded that the offending nut server was put off the plane. the captain, who obviously was in a difficult position because this was the daughter of the boss, turned the plane around, went back to the gate, the purser of the plane was put off the plane, and the plane continued to be 11 minutes late. the government here decided to investigate because you're only supposed to do that kind of thing in an emergency. and one may assume that nuts served in a bag and not on a plate does not constitute an emergency. so there's been lots of puns, including from your good self, and at the end of it all, ms. cho has resigned, she's apologized, the airline's apologized, and everybody seems

to be chacined and a bit bruised, i think. >> is there some more widespread anger, steve, at the way that some of these big families, these conglomerates operate in south korea? their arrogance? >> yeah, i think there's a real issue here, and that is it is resonated here, and maybe it's resonated in lots of places. one, because this is the daughter of the boss who also has had a job. and i suppose you wonder if she hadn't been the daughter of the boss, whether the captain would have turned around. so it's one of those apparently trivial stories. one of those stories where you think well, what's the fuss about here? which actually resonates in a society because of other things it says. and the papers here, and i suspect the gossip on all the street corners here, has been absolutely full of it. >> steve, thanks for joining us

from south korea with the scandal over the nuts. now, back in the summer, iraq's army collapsed in the face of the so-called islamic state. i.s. conquered iraq's largest city of mosul in just 24 hours. but after attempts by the new government to unite its forces and with the help of coalition air strikes, iraq has defeated i.s. forces in its first major battle for the oil refinery in the north of the country. quentin sommerville was the first journalist to make it there after it was liberated. >> the destruction is enormous, but here the iraqi army have scored their first major victory in the fight to take back their country from the islamic state. 150 miles from baghdad, this is the country's biggest refinery. it's been surrounded by i.s. for months, and only just liberated. thanks in part to foreign help, says this fighter.

he told me, when the new commander came, he moved us forward, but we didn't have any planes. only helicopters. the coalition started their air strikes, clearing the road of bombs and giving us cover to move in and take the refinery. we're the first journalists to make it here since it has been liberated. the fighting has been fierce and it isn't quite over yet. if we hold on to this area, that's a huge strategic victory, but it's oh so much more. it will be a big boost to the iraqi armies, because until now, they've largely only known defeat and surrender at the hands of the islamic state. they've just come under fire. returning fire at the minute. the iraqi armies tell us they've cleared most isis fighters from this area, but not all of them.

this gun battle was all the more extraordinary because we were traveling with iraq's new defense secretary. unharmed and unperturbed, he then had lunch with his commanders. flies, not gunfire, were more of a bother. the soldiers were helped by an ref air strike near here. only yesterday. >> translator: honestly, as i have said to the ambassadors of the eu, these operations are not enough. they could weaken i.s. capabilities by 70% to 80% through more air strikes. >> reporter: this is just one victory that comes after a string of major defeats. but coalition air strikes and training are making a difference. iraq's army are back in the fight.

quentin sommerville, bbc news, northern iraq. the duke and duchess of cambridge are still in new york where they've attended a basketball game. there were protests outside the stadium over the decisions not to indict white policeman who killed unarmed black suspects in separate incidents in ferguson and staten island. this report from nicolas mitchell does contain some flash photography. >> back in new york after his brief visit to washington and the white house and reyoited with his wife, and once again william was spreading the message about the importance of wildlife conservation. they joined hillary clinton and her daughter chelsea at a reception in aid of wildlife charities supported by william. and once again, he spoke about the threat posed by the illegal trade in wildlife. >> these are being illegally butchered. it's easy to blame others for the problem. demand in southeast asia. not enough protection on the ground and so on. but if i may say, we could start with looking closer to home.

our own nations still have thriving black markets in these products and we have to raise the game at home as well as abroad. >> reporter: william and catherine headed off to a basketball match between the brk ly -- brooklyn nets and the cleveland cavaliers. outside, about 100 or so protesters gathered to demand justice for eric garner. inside the stadium, william and catherine watched the game, and afterwards met two of the team's supporters, the singers jay-z and beyonce. this morning, there will be a very much more solemn occasion, when the couple visit the national 9/11 museum at ground zero and pay their respects to all those who died. nicolas mitchell, bbc news, new york. a dutch explorer has become the first to reach the south pole on a farming tractor. manon oosevoort traveled there from the netherlands. >> after three and a half years

of driving, beautiful stories, in all of africa. inspiring stories. finally now to this final leg and getting to this surreal landscape, driving in the snow with the tractor. that was one of the highs, seeing this actually become a reality. and the toughest moments, probably -- i don't know, core temperatures. just three days ago thinking i would get stuck, that i wouldn't make it. >> manon oosevoort there. really incredible what she managed to do. she traveled from the netherlands, she made her way all the way across europe, down through the length of africa as well. 25,000 miles. it's about 40,000 kilometers later, she finally reached the south pole. do stay with us. coming up in the next half-hour on "gmt," not often we report good news about the spread of malaria, but the number of people dying across the world has halved since the year 2000.

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the shingles rash can last up to 30 days. it hurts. it's hard. don't wait until you or someone you love develops shingles. talk to your doctor or pharmacist about your risk. hello, and welcome to "gmt" on "bbc world news." i'm lucy hockings. in this half-hour, success in the identifying against malarfi. but progress could be reversed by the ebola outbreak. we travel to papua, new guinea and find out what other countries can learn from tackling the disease. could synchronized swimming say goodbye to the olympics? we'll have the latest on sweeping reforms to the games. also on the program, sally

is taking a look at an alternative way to house the country's poor. >> as the price of a home in some of our biggest cities hits record level, so the challenge of housing people continues to grow. in johannesburg, the answer there is recycling old silos. but does this provide good living conditions? we'll be finding out. >> welcome back. the number of people dying from malaria across the world has halved since the year 2000. the world health organization says these positive figures are thanks to global as well as regional initiatives. also major increases in funding. in 2004, only 3% of people at risk had access to mosquito nets. now 50% do. in africa, where the majority of malaria deaths occur, the number of people infected has dropped by 25% and there's been a 54%

drop in the mortality rate. but the w.h.o. is warning people not to become complacent. malaria does still kill over 584,000 people a year. while malaria is harder to control in remote parts of the world. but one small country has had dramatic success in battling the disease. health experts in papua, new guinea, say they hope to eliminate the disease entirely. our reporter traveled there and sent us this report. >> reporter: welcome to paradise is one of the greetings here. but this natural beauty has a darker side. papua, new guinea, is in the heart of the malaria belt, which stretches right around the equator. malaria has long been one of the biggest diseases here. as you can see, a lot of the land here is jungle, which makes traveling to get to it very

difficult. but despite the challenges, teams here are celebrating a staggering reduction in malaria deaths and infections. >> one in every five people across the country have malaria parasites in their blood. now it's 1.8%. so we've gone from one in every five five years ago to two in every hundred in 2014. >> reporter: in one remote village, a community health worker took me to his local cemetery to highlight the devastating effects malaria had here in the past. >> people were dying from malaria. now, it's low. completely low. >> reporter: so how did they manage to slash malaria infections to a quarter of what they were five years ago? it all started with a $120 million cash injection from the health foundation, the global

fund. the money was shared between several organizations who worked on a variety of schemes to prevent and treat malaria. i went to another remote village to see one of these schemes in action. it involves local women delivering health care instead of doctors. mary is one of the women who has been trained to use the latest diagnostic test kits and fast-acting drugs. >> translator: i treat people with a three-day course of medicine. if their blood test still indicates malaria, i refer them to a clinic. they've chosen women to do this because it's a woman's job to look after the family. >> reporter: other initiatives include insecticide spraying and mosquito bed net distribution. >> in the last five years, we've driblted five million nets to households and another 700,000 nets to vulnerable groups.

>> reporter: all the different groups involved are convinced the success of the fight against malaria is down to working together. >> if you have very good coordination, you get to maximize resources. >> reporter: as the country heads towards eliminating malaria, they may be moving a little closer towards the paradise that people talk about here. bbc news, papua, new guinea. let's join sally now with all the business, and inequality holds back economic growth. it makes sense, doesn't it, sally? >> it makes complete sense. this is fresh evidence that's come from the oecd today. they've had their report out, which shows that wealth inequality does actually slow growth. so of the 34 countries that are members of the group, the gap between rich and poor is now at its highest level in 30 years.

this report says rising levels of inequality have shaved ten percentage points off growth for the likes of mexico and new jersey. we look at the british and norwegian economies working at 9%, smaller than they could be if their gap was not so wide. and in the u.s., the world's biggest economy, we're looking at a 7% smaller in terms of growth because of inequality. the oecd says that current wealth transfer mechanisms are not enough, and tax rises are part of the answer. i spoke to an e con must at the oecd and asked what was the solution, was it simply a matter of putting up taxes for the rich? >> it's not simple to tax the wealthy and you do have to be careful. nevertheless, clearly some countries are managing to do much better at taxing people with more income. there's lots of tax breaks that are given to people who are relatively wealthy. and it's not clear that they're really doing much economic good

by giving them these tax breaks. certainly they should be looking at the education system. it's not just a matter of making sure everybody gets access the a free education. it's also making sure they have access to good quality education, so you don't find rich areas with much better quality education and poor areas. that's certainly one thing that they should be doing. but in addition, when people don't get established in the labor market when they're unemployed or can't find a job, we need to do much better at helping people find jobs so that they don't slip behind everybody else in the economy. >> that was mark pearson there, an economist with the oecd. let's get the view of a senior policy and campaigns officer at forsett society. polly, you are very passionate about the subject of inequality, because your organization tries to close the gap when it comes to gender inequality. you've read the report. what do you make of it? >> that's right. thanks for having me.

i think this report is really interesting, although its conclusions aren't particularly new. we've learned that economic inequality will hamper growth, but it's great to see more evidence coming out. also contributing to the discussion about what is growth, what impact does it have, and what other indicators should we be looking at for a happy and healthy society. >> the report brings out that the gap is getting wider and wider as time goes by and governments need to take serious policy choices to close it. it's not easy, though, is it? >> there's a couple of things that governments can do, and the first, which is one that the forsett society campaigns for, is raising the minimum wage. it's at a 2005 level in real terms, so we really need to see that increase in order for people to feel a little bit more well-off. the other thing we'd like to see is better utilization of people's skills, so if you invest in education, get people who are well-placed to do good jobs, but then those jobs aren't available, what we really want to see is an increase in

well-paid, secure jobs, not only in the capital, but also across the country. >> so it's on the part of governments to make changes, but also the bosses of big business as well in terms of their policy decisions about employment laws, etc., and rules in their organizations. >> absolutely. in the case of women, what we want to see is more jobs advertised as part-time or flexible working. we have hundreds of thousands of women in the uk who are working below their skill level because they have to combine it with caring responsibilities and all they can find is low-skill part-time jobs. it's such a waste and we could be using their skills much better. i think there's a real onus on employers to make sure that they're yult liezi iutilizing t their current work force. >> all right, thanks for joining us from the forsett society. of course, it's a huge debate, a very controversial talking point. if you want to get in touch with me, i'm on twitter, join in the conversation. but now, let's stay with the

theme of inequality. throughout the week, we've been looking at the housing solutions in cities where real estate prices are going through the roof, pardon the pun, making it very possible for those on low incomes to find a home. for the second part of our affordable housing series, shipping containers are fast becoming the building block of choice around the world, apparently, seen as cheap, strong, and abundant. in south africa, they are certainly an affordable way to replace the slums and townships of the apartheid era, with new, modern multi-cultural living. in our series on affordable housing, here is a report from johannesburg. >> reporter: johannesburg is a cosmopolitan still, but beneath the glamour, there is crime, urban decay, and inequalities between rich and poor. new town is an old but artistic part of the city. and this property developer has come up with a novel way of addressing some of the city's problems.

>> we've been involved in property investment here in johannesburg for the last eight years. we built the company looking at decent, affordable accommodation and we started experimenting about three years ago. so i estimate that this probably cost us 50% of what it would have cost us if we had started with a brand-new site and tried to build a 14-story student residence. >> reporter: at the base of these facilities and the shipping containers at the top are used for extra height. over the next 25 years, johannesburg's population is expected to grow by 50%. many may be looking for a unique experience. >> i know for a fact i'm the first inhabitant here. >> my parents, they like the building. but they had a problem with the environment. they thought it was too industrial. >> reporter: according to the world shipping council, there

are about 17 million shipping containers worldwide. and a lot are being used as building materials because they are seen as environmentally friendly. >> the container, it's just another building material. you can imagine how much energy would go -- i'm talking concrete, cement, human power, to rebuild the structure like that. so we've just reappropriated the structure. in other words, we've used something and dptd demolish it. and then we took the containers that will have gone to melting yard and reappropriated those. wwe created a beautiful structure. >> a building like this has introduced south africans to a new way of environmental consciousness. especially in a city where urban decay, industrial fumes and the poor provision of basic services have become the norm.

but more than that, it's given a new generation of south africans a real sense of belonging in a city they've come to call home. and there is a lot more to come in our affordable housing series throughout this week. tomorrow, we'll be finding out what solutions delhi has been putting forward. so be sure to join us for that. now, here is one way to cut through the rush hour. a new zealand company claims to have made jet pack travel viable. would you go for it, though? it's asking investors to stake their money on turning a sci-fi fantasy into hard cash. martin jetpack, yes, that is his name, is selling shares on the wellington stock market. here is a report from christchurch. >> reporter: it looks like a science fiction film, but this is a promotional video for something very real, the martin jetpack. able to reach heights of almost 250 meters and trail at over 70 kilometers per hour, this is a

new age for the jet pack. and for its creator, it's the result of decades of work, sparked by his favorite childhood tv shows. >> i discovered the rocket belt. great device. you need it to way 65 kilos or less to fly. i'm 100, so that wasn't beginning to work for me. >> so began his hobby as a student developing in a garage. years of mathematical prototypes and strategy. >> discovered most of them on the business side of things. so i've got a job in the pharmaceutical industry and sales and marketing. by 1998, i had a prototype that was powerful enough to get a lightweight pilot off the ground. so my wife generously volunteered to strap into the jetpack six weeks after the birth of our second son. that was very brave of her.

i had to run the engine quite highly stressed and calculated that we had about four minutes of engine run time. so i was more relieved than anything else. >> this video attracted investors. his hobby, finally a job. by 2008, the jetpack was launched to the public in the u.s. and it was a hit. crowd control was needed. the video was seen all around the world. neil armstrong sent his congratulations. even the pentagon came knocking. it's the jetpack's potential use as an emergency vehicle that's getting major interest. >> we go into small places very quickly. we are tactical. we can actually be used taking on the become of a truck and passed into areas where there's a need for our capabilities. >> reporter: a license is needed to fly the pack. it can also be flown remotely. >> in five to ten years time, we wouldn't be surprised if you see the jetpacks flying around on a daily basis.

in some countries, even been used in transport. >> reporter: the company aims to raise around $25 million to begin commercial production. for now, the jetpack's come in at around $200,000, but the company says that in three years, it hopes to release a cheaper model for recreation. bbc news, christchurch, new zealand. >> see, you need a near $200,000 to get your own jetpack. will you be commuting to work? >> it would cut your commuting time in half. >> we'd have to have traffic lights in the sky or something. >> i would absolutely do it in a heart beat. >> beats the tube. >> it does indeed. still to come, could olympic surfing wipe out synchronized swimming at the games? we'll have the latest on sweeping reforms which could lead to major shake-ups. ow!

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i'm lucy hockings. our top stories this hour. security is being stepped up at u.s. embassies and military bases around the world ahead of a release of a high-profile report. the document covers the cia's campaign against al qaeda in the aftermath of 9/11. u.n.'s refugee agencies appealing to distant nations to help resettle syrian refugees. most of them have escaped to jordan, lebanon, and turkey, but the u.n. is hoping to place 180,000 people in other countries. we have some breaking news bring you now that we're getting in now from the philippines. we are hearing that a bomb has

exploded onboard a bus in the south of the country. this is in the province of mindenao, which has had problems with islamic extremism in the past. we are hearing nine people have been killed after this bomb exploded on a bus. actually, news is coming in. no more details as of yet. a bomb has exploded, killing nine people in the south of the philippines. as soon as we have more, we will bring that straight to you. it is an event popular since the days of ancient greece. but now those who manage and run the olympic games think it's in need of a shake-up. international olympic committee has unanimously passed four reforms. we can see mr. bach speaking at a news conference. this is the end of a special meeting where those reforms were discussed.

also the creation of an olympics television channel. so we are monitoring that conference. we've got quite a sense of what's come out of this two-day event. with me is our sports correspondent, watching it closely the past few days. this is quite a meeting. it could define the whole way the modern olympics goes from now on. >> thomas bach has been a man on a mission. he was determined to shake up the movement. he hasn't wasted any time at all. he had a series of meetings the past 12 months with all of the ioc members in different places in the world. and they came up with 40 new proposals. there were no dissenting voices. he expressed his relief. some of them are quite vague. but they passed it through because they realized that the movement does need a bit of a

shake-up. it's certainly to appeal more to a younger audience. >> is that why we're seeing the possible of something like surfing coming in? >> there has been a very cumbersome process for new sports to get into the game. they have to apply. it will take at least seven years before they gain official olympic recognition. the current cap of 28 sports, that will be removed. doesn't mean to say that some sports will go to make way for others. some events might go. >> this is a very important clarification. so we're not going to see synchronized swimming beginning in order to make room for surfing. >> no. in order to accommodate these new sports, you have to remove some of the events. because the number of athletes is around 10,000 athletes, you want to keep it the same. you can't just add new sports and bring in more athletes.

perhaps the triple jump would have to go or synchronized swimming. but there are no details. what thomas bach has got is a mandate to make these changes in the future. there will be a real dogfight. >> the olympics, so expensive. so difficult as well to host. if we think back to sochi, the most expensive games ever held, what are they going to do to try and make that cheaper and easier? >> the problem for them has been that a lot of bidding cities have pulled out of the next olympics to be voted on for 2022. the contenders are kazakhstan and beijing. a lot of countries have pulled out of the expense and saw that sochi cost $51 billion and thought, we can't do that, we can't sell that.

so they say, we'd like to bid, but can we do it this way instead of your way? how it's implemented will be another thing because the ioc will have strict rules that it will have to adhere to. but it makes way for a more collaborative. >> $100 million just to build a bobsled track. okay, thanks, alex. the nobel prize winners are on the eve of the ceremony. they decided to award them jointly for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people. for the right of all children to be educated. speaking at the nobel institute this past hour, malala said you need to take a step and raise your choice to bring about change. >> we are not here just to accept our award and get this medal and go back home. we are here to tell the children especially that you need to speak up for your rights.

now it is not time to wait for someone else to come and speak for you. it is you who can change the world, so you need to take a step. and i'll give an example. when suddenly terrorism started there, taliban came, and already turned into a place of terrorism where there used to be bomb blasts. you could no longer go to school. at that time, we decided that we would speak up. it shows an example to the world that when you take a step, when you raise a voice, it brings a change. if you want to see no child out of school. >> malala yousafzai. you can watch a special interview with stephen sackur on

"bbc world news" tomorrow. do watch that interview on wednesday from 0500 "gmt." just remind you quickly of the break news we've had in the past few minutes or so from the southern philippines. weaver g we're getting reports of a bomb blast in mindanao. nine people have been killed. thanks for being with us on "gmt." more coming up. because you work. now capella university offers a revolutionary new way to get your degree. it's called flexpath, and it's the most direct path, leveraging what you've learned on the job and focusing on what you need to know. so you can get a degree at your pace and graduate at the speed of you. flexpath from capella university. learn about all of our programs at capella.edu. ♪ wellllll... ♪ earlyfit ♪ latefit ♪ risefit ♪ fallfit ♪ ballfit ♪ wallfit ♪ pingfit ♪ pongfit ♪ pingfit ♪ pongfit ♪ rowfit ♪ throwfit ♪ slowfit ♪ olliefit ♪ oopsfit

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