there will be stewards as well. the queen's new years honours list is dominated by britain's olympic and paralympic stars including lee pearson, mo farah and andy murray. at least 28 people have been killed by two explosions at a crowded market in baghdad. the so—called islamic state group in iraq said it carried out the attack. i'm back at 5pm. now reporters. hello. welcome to reporters. in this special edition of the programme, we're looking back at some of the best reports from this year from our network of correspondents around the world. coming up: i'm a heroin addict. yoo i've overdozed four times —— addict. yoo i've overdozed four times -- i've overdosed four times. we report on the epidemic of heroin

and pain killers creating a generation of users and killing tens of thousands of people the drug they call the devil has hit hardest in small town america, already ravaged by years of economic decline. we're hearing outgoing fire. the troops are trying to gauge how much resistance is in these villages. we join the kurdish forces on the frontline, as mosul awaits from deliverance from so—called islamic state. also before and after — the pioneering surgery withoutical pals that cured —— without scalpels. and a year in the life of the penguin caught on cam ra. victoria gill joins scientists as they track how the birds are apt thatting ——

adapting to climate change. america is in the grip of a heroin and prescription pain killer epidemic. more americans as many as 50,000 a year, are dying from drug overdoses than from car crashes or being shot. increasingly, the victims are young, white and middle—class people. they've become hooked on the deadly drugs. over the past year, ian pannell and his cameraman have followed a number of addicts as they try to kick the habit. you may find some of the scenes in their report difficult to watch. a darkness has descended across america. 40-ish-year-old female possibly not breathing od. america. 40-ish-year-old female possibly not breathing 0d.l america. 40-ish-year-old female possibly not breathing 0d. a plague of drug addiction and death greater than there's ever been. opioid pain killers and heroin are killing more americans than ever before. 0h, killers and heroin are killing more americans than ever before. oh, my god. what's wrong with her? get out

of the way. we were just here for a female in her 40s who wasn't breathing. it was apparent drug overdose. how common is this? every day. every day? sometimes more than once a day. we have a dry spell where we'll go a day or two, but mostly every day. started when i was 17 years old. i was at a party, high school. i started doing the pills. when i was 13 i started using pain pills. five, six people i known died last year. all my values and morals, they went out the window. last year. all my values and morals, they went out the windowm last year. all my values and morals, they went out the window. it will ta ke they went out the window. it will take everything you v, all the money you have, everything's you've worked for, everyone you love. there was nothing, almost nothing that i wouldn't do for it. i'm a heroin addict. my brother is also an addict. my brother is also an addict. i know i will die if i addict. my brother is also an addict. i know i will die ifi go back home. i've overdosed four times. my own sister had to save me.

i know that a lot of words are overused in our lexicon, historic and unprecedented and unique. we fall back and unprecedented and unique. we fallback on those words all the time in. this case, this is an epidemic. that's precisely the right word. this crisis has spread across america, created by masses overprescription of morphine—like pain killers. it gave birth to a nation of addicts. a heroin epidemic is sweeping across america. it respects no man 01’ is sweeping across america. it respects no man or woman whoever their creed, colour or class. friends, families, whole communities have been left to bury the dead and deal with the devastation addiction brings. but the drug they call the devil has hit hardest in small town america. taking hold in areas like this, that have already been raffaged by years of —— ravaged by yea rs of raffaged by years of —— ravaged by years of economic decline. for so many people, the future looks bleak. increasingly addicts are young,

white kids from the suburbs and rural areas. they've moved from pills to heroin, because it's cheaper and easier to get. but it's far more deadly and it's no exaggeration to say this generation's under threat. # i hurt myself today # i hurt myself today #to # i hurt myself today # to see ifi # i hurt myself today # to see if i still feel# dr huckerbee is the medical director here. he's an expert on pain medication and what it does. he's also a recovering addict, who became hooked after getting pain pills for a broken foot. # the needle tears a hole # the needle tears a hole # the needle tears a hole # the old familiar sting# i was # the old familiar sting# iwas given # the old familiar sting# i was given the oxycodone. it was like pulling the trigger. i could not turn it loose. it tickled my brain in such profound ways that it totally blind sided me to the point

that i eventually was injecting myself in the operating room and was fortunate to have partners intervened. you were injecting yourself? yes. powerless. powerless over it. i promised myself all the time, "we're not going to do this again. " time, "we're not going to do this again." we're not going to do this again." we're not going to do this again today. and by the end of the day, you know, just couldn't control it. it's a real hopeless feeling. i remember feeling it one time that, you know, this is my fate in life. i'mjust you know, this is my fate in life. i'm just going to die from this. i'm addicted to heroin. i've about died six times. all i can think about is

when ami six times. all i can think about is when am i going to get some more. to feel better, but i'm never feeling better. i'm tired of this.” rememberthe better. i'm tired of this.” remember the first time i od'ed. my boyfriend was filming me. he brought me back. right after that he went and did a shot. it was kind of like, wow, ijust almost died. it is absolutely everywhere, in every town around here at least. there's somebody that sells drugs. it's predominantly heroin, because that's the big thing around here. in the streets and strip malls of western pennsylvania heroin's ta ken streets and strip malls of western pennsylvania heroin's taken root. the journey through addiction is a long, dark one for so many. steve has been trying to get clean for yea rs. has been trying to get clean for years. but shaking it without

serious, long—term help is rare.|j can get it, but it's right in the middle of the hood. i don't like going over there period, let alone at midnight. steve's trapped in an endless hunt for a high that will never be enough. for something his body craves, that he knows he shouldn't do. because there's no way to know what's in each packet and whether or not it will kill you. this stuff‘s gotten hold of me. i just... i'm obsessed with it. it ru ns just... i'm obsessed with it. it runs my life. heroin's addictive

like no other drug. for many there are only two ways out. rehab or death. today the victim is just as likely to be your friend, your neighbour or even your child. miss you so much. i miss you so much. i held him first on february 11th, 1994. then i held him last on august 22, 2015. i never want a parent to ever have to do that. it's the hard est thing that you'll ever do. there's nothing else you can do that will hurt like this. oh, that should never be. this epidemic is only getting worse. there'll be more families devastated and more lives lost. one country which really got tough

on drugs this year was the philippines. its hard line new president campaigned for his election by promising to kill 100,000 drug dealers and criminals in his first six months in office. his controversial, tough tactics, which critics say turning a blind eye to extra judicial killings, led to an unprecedented rise in the murder rate. around 2,000 people we re murder rate. around 2,000 people were killed in just murder rate. around 2,000 people were killed injust the murder rate. around 2,000 people were killed in just the first two months of the crackdown. jonathan head reports on the philippines' deadly war on drugs. the war on drugs is reaching all corners of the philippines. even here, in the jails. many of these men are already serving long sentences for drug use. in cells, so packed with bodies, it's hard to breathe. it says something about the extent of the drug problem here in the philippines that the police have

had to come here and raid one of the biggest prisons around manila. there are biggest prisons around manila. there a re clearly biggest prisons around manila. there are clearly concerns about real drug problems here. the focus, as with so much of this campaign, are the people at the very bottom of the trade, not the people running it. at least here they can stay alive. but not here. the bodies of dealers and addicts are discovered every night in the slums of manila, killed either by the police or by shadowy hit squads. it started when this man, an outspoken crime fighting mayor was located president in may. when he said he would kill drug dealers, he meant it. that's the lives of ten criminals really matter to me? if i am the one facing the grief, would 100 lives of this idiot

would mean anything to me? the president is still wildly popular for this kind of talk. drug addiction has blighted neighbourhoods, already burdened by poverty. but his campaign has forced roger, not his real name, into hiding. he's been a minor drug dealerfor hiding. he's been a minor drug dealer for years. hiding. he's been a minor drug dealerfor years. now hiding. he's been a minor drug dealer for years. now he's on the run. translation: i've done some awful things i know. i've wronged a lot of people because they've become addicted to drugs because i'm one of the many who sells them drugs. not eve ryo ne the many who sells them drugs. not everyone who uses drugs commits crimes. me, i'm an addict. but i don't kill. this chilling security camera video shows why those targeted by the antidrug campaign have so much to fear. a motorbike slows down for a moment. the passenger firing at point blank range. it might easily have been

maria, a young mother and a hired assassin. she says she's killed five people since the president won the election. like roger, she says it was poverty that drove her into the job. translation: i tell my husband that we can't keep doing this forever. we have children. i would not want our children to know what we do. i do not want them to come back at us and say that they got to live because we killed for money. nearly 700,000 terrified drug addicts have already surrendered to the philippines police to save their lives. they must somehow now be accommodated in these teeming, overcrowded cells. the iraqi city of mosul waited for deliverance as iraqi and kurdish forces battled for two months to liberate the last strong hold of so—called islamic state in the

country. as the troops continued their drive towards the city, the militants fought back using suicide bombers. at the start of the siege, o rla bombers. at the start of the siege, orla guerin and her cameraman were among the first journalists orla guerin and her cameraman were among the firstjournalists to get into the village on the outskirts of mosul as it was being liberated from is. a harbinger of terror. we entered hostile territory, taking the battle to is, with kurdish peshmerga fighters. this was their second attempt to free this village. last week they faced heavy resistance. along the way, tension building, as we start to come under fire and to respond. we're moving forward now very slowly and carefully. we're hearing quite a bit of outgoing fire. the troops are trying to gauge how much resistance is in these

villages. this was the answer. a massive roadside bomb just villages. this was the answer. a massive roadside bombjust ahead. it was one of four on our route. then the peshmerga moved to confront a suspected suicide bomber. they have to check him for explosives with their bare hands. this time they we re their bare hands. this time they were lucky, just a civilian. we arrive in what looks like a deserted village. locals start to emerge, tentatively to offer thanks, but soon, this... gunfire warning shots from weary troops. at

last, freedom and relief. there's nothing to worry about, he says. it's all over. but there's a legacy of torment. "they destroyed us," says mohammed. "they completely destroyed us." there was a sense of a community coming back to life, of old friends reuniting, freed from the tyranny of is. a moment of victory for the peshmerga. and for some here, of rebirth. "i can't find words to express how happy i am," he said. it feels like i have been born again. nearby locals attacked an is sign

that had loomed over them, instructing women to cover themselves from head to toe. amar was happy to be wearing her best and not wearing a hijab. as this woman thanks the peshmerga, is make their presence felt, not far away. gunfire helping to secure the village, a volunteer sniperfrom helping to secure the village, a volunteer sniper from scotland. he's fought with the peshmerga since 2014 and has been part of the recent push against is or daesh. it's kind of funny because places that are weak, places they'll stand and fight. they're very up and down. you're talking a lot of these people cheering now would probably daesh. they've just gone back into their community. so they haven't gone away. even as they celebrate, the

troops know their enemy could soon re—emerge. the peshmerga are moving through the village. they're securing the area street by street and more and more civilians are appearing. they can speak freely for the first time in over two years, but there is still some tension here. the fighters are concerned that among those coming out onto the streets there could be suicide bombers. but there were no threats concealed among the villagers. they we re concealed among the villagers. they were savouring the chance to reclaim old pleasures, banned by the jihadis. the black flag of is has been pulled down from the mosque. the peshmerga vowing never again will it be allowed to fly here. here's a thought, imagine surgery but without knives or scalpels, just sound waves. that's what doctors at a hospital in london have used to

operate deep inside the human brain. the pioneering treatment was performed on a patient who suffered from uncontrollable trembling in his right hand. it could also be used to control the tremors caused by conditions such as parkin sons disease. over the past something years it's got worse and worse. selwyn is a painter and decorator. his job got worse and worse. selwyn is a painter and decorator. hisjob is made increasingly difficult by this, an uncontrollable tremor in his right hand. the shaking is caused by a mistiming of the electrical signals, the commands sent from the brain to the muscles in the hand. one million people in the uk suffer from tremors. the last 15 years it's gradually got worse to the extent i can't use it. i've got to use my left hand. early morning at st mary's hospital in london. and

selwyn is being prepared for deep brain surgery. but this razor is the only blade that will be used today. this frame will ensure his head is kept completely still during surgery. once it is placed inside this machine, the first of its kind in the uk, which operates using sound waves. it works like this: the device has more than a thousand ultrasound beams. when focussed on a single point, they generate enough heat to destroy tissue. the target isa heat to destroy tissue. the target is a tiny point at the base of the brain, which is causing the faulty signals, which trigger the tremors. 697 watt, 13 seconds. this is precision medicine. the team co nsta ntly precision medicine. the team constantly monitor mri scans and gradually increase the energy of the sound beams. selwyn's wife is there

to re—assure him. i've witnessed quite a lot of brain surgery and it is brutal and bloody, drilling through the skull and cutting through the skull and cutting through tissue. the contrast here is astonishing. there are no scalpels, it's all done with sound waves and the patient is awake throughout. and the patient is awake throughout. and the result — remarkable. the tremors have gone. his right hand is steady and this is a permanent fix. doctors believe ultrasound surgery could treat other conditions. it could help involuntary movements in parkinson's and help tremor in multiple sclerosis as well as other neurological conditions emanating from the brain. it has a big future? an enormous future. this was selwyn before treatment. and after. it

avoids the risks associated with conventional brain surgery. and recovery is immediate. you've got a big smile on your face. yeah. it's nice isn't it. brilliant to pick something up with that hand and know it's not going to spill everywhere. selwyn's treatment is part of an international trial. once that's completed next year, there's likely to be huge demand for this pioneering surgery. a really fascinating insight into the life of the penguin now. scientists in antarctica have been working on a ground breaking project to capture the activity of a colony of penguins on camera. they spent much of the year watching them using remote cameras to see how they're adapting to climate change and of course the threats they now face. victoria gill was given exclusive access to their research. her report

contains flashing images. i'm in antarctica following a team of scientists setting up remote cameras in penguin colonies here. i'm tom, a scientist at oxford university. we've probably got 40 and they are spread out the length and they are spread out the length and breadth of the peninsula. the bottom one, that takes photos all year round, every hour. the whole reason we're here is to monitor penguins on a vast level. if we have a co nsta nt penguins on a vast level. if we have a constant presence in all these colonies, we can look at how many chicks survive. it's like cctv. seeing was going on in winter is something you would never get to see. the partnership with tourism, this access is really important,

isn't it? it's vital. we would never have the access without them. partly we're doing this because there's a potential threat and we want to measure it. where we've looked, there seems to be very little impact of tourism. we have quite a close partnership and they drop us off where we want to go. in return, we educate their tourists about conservation and hopefully inspire them to conserve penguins. this is them to conserve penguins. this is the gangway. before we go ashore, we have to wash our boots. it's a pristine place. we don't want to ta ke pristine place. we don't want to take anything onto the antarctic mainland which shouldn't be there. this is the zodiac, it's a rubber boat. we use this to get around. they're fantastic boats, very fast, very stable. they bounce when you hit them up against a rock. they're wonderfulfor

hit them up against a rock. they're wonderful for down hit them up against a rock. they're wonderfulfor down here. hit them up against a rock. they're wonderful for down here.|j hit them up against a rock. they're wonderfulfor down here. i work hit them up against a rock. they're wonderful for down here. i work as expedition leader. it's incredible to see how ubiquitously everyone is affected by antarctica. one of the things that we love about working with the production of scientific knowledge is that we give people the kind of emotional attachment to the place. they provide ground work and relevance for people to put that energy, you know. then of relevance for people to put that energy. you know. then of course, relevance for people to put that energy, you know. then of course, it also brings home a lot of bigger picture questions about human beings' presence on the planet. so this is the last camera of this expedition now? that's it for this year, for this camera any way. now it's just turn it on and fingers crossed. back next year. yeah. and that's it from this special

edition of reporters looking back at some of the very best reports from this year. from me, bye for now. good evening. the weather is on the change as we head through into the start of 2017. it's been a cloudy, mild day today with some rain around too. here was the scene taken in pembrokeshire by a weather watcher earlier this afternoon. a fair amount of cloud there. we are seeing cloud and a bit of drizzle here and there across england and wales. but it's further north that we've got the rain across southern scotland and northern ireland. that's sinking slowly south as we move ever nearer to midnight. cold, wintry showers moving in across northern parts of scotland. we could have icy stretches on untreated surfaces. by

midnight that rain sitting somewhere around about newcastle down to manchester. some wet weather towards the north. further south it's a drier picture as we head through the evening. over the next few hours across the southern half of england and wales, mostly dry. there could bea and wales, mostly dry. there could be a bit of drizzle, some mist and low cloud here and there if you are heading out to see fireworks. with that rain draped across the middle of the country. relatively might to the south, cloudy and murky. not so much in the way of fog as over recent days. colder conditions moving in from the north as we head through the course of new year's day. that colder air heads its way south across much of the country. we will have that weather front continuing to bring cloud and outbreaks of rain across the south—west of england, through parts of wales, the midlands and east anglia too. the far south—east, mostly dry to start new year's day. we will see the rain rolling in later on. some sunshine across the north of england, southern scotland, northern ireland too. but the northern half of scotland will continue to see these showers, falling as rain around the coasts. turning to sleet and snow over

higher ground inland. through the course of the day then, very slowly this rain edges its way further south eastwards. a slow improvement for the northern midlands, much of northern england, scotland and northern ireland looking dry with wintry sunshine. still feeling quite cold. temperatures four or five degrees. squeezing into double figures further south under the cloud and rain. eventually we'll lose the wet weather from the south—east. heading into monday, it's a chilly start. a widespread frost. a cold night to come. first thing monday, clear skies, frosty conditions and still some wipt rip showers. we could see a bit —— wintry showers, we could see snow down the north—east england and scotla nd down the north—east england and scotland too. most places are dry on monday. despite the sunshine it will be colder, with temperatures around three to six degrees. relatively light winds. further north, quite a cold, biting northerly breeze around. the weather is on the change. colder conditions on the way, some of us will see some rain

tonight. you can get the latest on our website. this is bbc news. the headlines at 5: new year celebrations are underway around the world — in hong kong a spectacularfirework display. security is stepped up for new year celebrations in major cities around the world and in the uk after the deadly lorry attacks in germany and france. hundreds of ordinary people are recognised in the queen's new year's honours along with many of britian's olympic and paralympic stars — including mo farah, jessica ennis hill and andy murray. i feel still more like andy murray, it feels obviously more normal to me, but it is obviously a big honour and happy with that, nice way to finish or