as government forces get closer to recapturing it from so—called islamic state. 50,000 people have fled the west of the city over the last fortnight alone. the iraqi army is now pushing deeper into the city. the pentagon has promised a full investigation into military personnel who shared nude photographs of female colleagues on social media. former and current servicewomen say they have had their photographs posted without their knowledge. volkswagen has pleaded guilty in an american court to three criminal charges linked to its diesel emissions scandal — the company will pay fines of more than $4.3 billion. prosecutors say the fraud went to the top of the organisation. a drug addict who crashed a car into a family during a police chase in south london has been sentenced to 12 years in prison. last augustjoshua dobby lost

control of a stolen car killing 34—year—old rosie cooper and her 10—year—old nephew, makayah mcdermott, and seriously injuring two other children. it emerged in courtjoshua dobby has 53 previous convictions dating back to when he was 13. tom symonds has more. it was a summer's day, the family on their way to the park for ice cream, when this car came skidding off the road, hitting a bollard and lifting it into the air and down on top of three children and their aunt. the aftermath was horrific. little kids screaming, like. there were like 20 guys around this one car, they all lifting the car up and moved the car so everyone could come out. rozanne cooper and makayah mcdermott stood no chance. he loved sport and acting. she was the mainstay of her family, the court was told. joshua dobby tried to run.

the court heard a statement from yahla mcdermott, who'd been trapped under the car. dobby stepped over her in his rush to escape. she's 13 and her legs are badly scarred. her family was disappointed with the 12—year sentence. we came here today to seejustice done, and in the hope that joshua dobby would show remorse and sorrow for killing our beautiful rosie and our wonderful makayah. but he has shown none. they were taken from us with still many years of their lives to live. five days before, kent police had chased dobby at up to 80 miles per hour on open roads, but it was so risky officers stopped the pursuit. that didn't happen in built—up london, though he was driving at high speed, the wrong way down one—way streets. the independent police complaints commission is now investigating.

but the judge said dobby, whose drug addicted life was as out of control as the car, deliberately drove dangerously, hoping the police would give up. it's rare for drivers who kill to be charged with manslaughter, with its maximum life sentence. dobby‘s sentence, 12 years, was reduced because he pleaded guilty. the family of his victims aren't happy, and thatjust shows how complex this area can be forjudges who have to decide the penalties when drivers kill on the roads. tom symonds, bbc news, at the old bailey. in a few minutes it'll be time for newswatch. but first, here's click. this week is the bbc‘s so i can breathe season,

looking at ways to tackle air pollution around the world. we are out on the streets of london to test a new camera from thermal imaging company flir. it has a particular sensitivity to a range of gases which are invisible to the human eye. the camera is supposed to be used by experts who know what they're looking for in the numbers and colours that they see and it's really supposed to be used in industrial locations as well, where you are looking for gas leaks. but, i must say, even here i can see sprays coming from some of the exhaust pipes through this camera that i cannot see with my eyes. so it shows something's there. now, if you want to tackle air pollution problems across a city, you have to know where the pollution is coming from and at what time of day.

that is something that mark cieslak has been investigating. poor air quality, as a result of pollution, poses a serious risk to public health. it is a huge problem. the global burden of disease data now suggests that a lack of clean air is the third leading cause of death in the world after high blood pressure and smoking. but whether it triggers allergies or asthma, understanding the exact challenges pollution causes, especially in a city, can be tricky. the more precise the information is, the better we can come up with strategies to improve things. we can identify areas where there are particular problems. action to gather that even more precise data about pollution is being taken on the other side of the atlantic, in chicago. because of chicago's location in the midwest and the fact that it

is a large city, it is something of a transport hub for road, rail and air travellers. all those different types of vehicles don't do the city's air quality any favours. here, a system is being installed which has been dubbed a "fitness tracker for a city". it is called the array of things, and when it is completed it will be a citywide network of sensors, or nodes, fitted to lampposts and poles. the array will monitor a variety of different things, from traffic levels to local climate as well as monitoring chicago's air quality. eventually, all of the data the array gathers will be made available online for anybody to use. we have come just outside of chicago to the argonne national laboratory. it is part of the us department of energy and is the birthplace of the array of things. the donor is really into air

quality, so they are really excited. here, the team behind the array continue to refine the sensor boxes and the technology they contain, liaising with city officials and arranging the continued roll—out of the network across the city. this is the guts, if you like, of the array of things nodes. which part here is the air quality sensor? this one is the air quality sensor. each one here is a specific cell attuned to a specific type of chemical. this a ozone, this is a sulphur dioxide sensor. there's a carbon monoxide sensor. there's the hydrogen suphide aensor. nitrogen dioxide sensor and there's a token reducing gases. installation of the array began towards the end of 2016. by the end of 2018, 500 nodes are planned for the network, spread across different parts of the city. charlie catlett is the array

of things project lead. he took me on a whistlestop tour of some of the city's earlier sensor sites. so, charlie, this is the site of one of your first sensors, isn't it, one of your first nodes? this is one of the first six. this one here does the air quality, notjust the general air quality but this one will tell us seven different gases and so that means we can say, well, this one is reading this gas particularly high and we know that that that is associated with a diesel truck. the new ones that we are putting in, we have added a new sensor for particles. what we can do with this particle sensor is we can look at the very fine particles that are measured by epa and other organisations. the smaller particles are the ones you cannot see but they are really the most dangerous one. they will go straight into your bloodstream. the large ones are what triggers allergies. so if you are somebody that's got allergies related to asthma,

you will be able to use the data from these nodes to look at pollen across the city and you might decide to change your cycle route you take to school or work, based on maybe where the pollen concentration are around the city. chicago is not alone when it comes to pollution monitoring. for example, in london, we there's a system called nowcast, which combines historical pollution data with current pollution measurements to provide an hourly update of pollution levels across the city. the rollout in chicago continues. array of things nodes have been installed in other us cities with one in seattle and another in denver and there is interest in the system internationally as well. the data generated by the array of things will be used by researchers, scientists and healthcare professionals to get a better picture of the effects of poor air quality and pollution. when it comes to turning this information into action,

that is the job of local government. brennna berman and tom schenk both work for the city of chicago and are figuring out how the array of things can help the city with an array of issues. we have pockets of increased rates of asthma among our children that doctors have known about for quite some time but they do not have a lot of information about why they happen in certain areas of the city. the role of the array of things is really to help us understand the patterns and issues with air quality in chicago at a detailed level because you cannot fix a problem if you cannot define it and understand it. we might be thinking about how heavy pollutant vehicles can influence what's happening. the city of chicago has installed hundreds of miles of bike lanes, across the city of chicago but there is some very clear research showing that inhaling diesel fumes, especially by cyclists as they are riding alongs traffic, can harm them. so it really helps us picture

and take a good look at where the bike avenues are and how that corresponds with exhisting traffic. if you have a school or another sort of vulnerable location very close to an area that has increased air quality challenges, the data from the array of things will give us the ability to define a policy that will address that. a good example here in chicago will actucally be the very quickly growing neighbourhood on the west side. it has quickly evolved into one of our trendiest residential and entertainment districts. but it is also crisscrossed by any number of street level railroads. by looking at data, by using this data such as the array of things, we are going to be able to make thos decisions more confidently and we are going to know that better than in fact many other cities have the ability to know that, because of the data that we look at. here, the technology clearly has a role to play in the fight against poor air quality. but the big pollution—busting powers lay with local and national government. that was mark in chicago.

back in london, i'm checking out a pollution monitoring device with a difference. i will give you a clue... this is the launching arm. with this water tank, they can launch their prototype. bang! oops, i knocked a thing into your tank. they even have their own wind tunnel. imperial college's aquamav is a drone that can fly through the air, dive into the water and then leap out again. sploosh! all the while, gathering data to give us a greater understanding of pollution levels above and below the surface. the plan is to release a swarm of them into an area of concern. this is our response to extreme environments or post—disaster applications such as after floods, toxic spills, or oil spills,

nuclear accidents or tsunamis. there are different classes of applications and capability to do sampling with an automated, low—cost tool brings an enormous value compared to many other methods such as the human going there with a full protective suit. i was going to say, we have seen a lot of aquatic robots and we have seen a lot of flying robots. it never occurred to me that is quite difficult to get an underwater robot over great distances quickly and, so, you have combined the two. that is ha rd—core. so, yes, we willjust dive it in the water and then dive it out and fly it that way. in some applications it is not even accessible through the water, in floods or floating ice, you may not get there via water. 0n the other side, an aerial beacon may not be able to get the information that local people need, so combining

the two makes sense. during a dive, the aquamav fills with water and then by releasing carbon dioxide from its on—board gas chamber it forces the water back out as a high—powered jet which thrusts the drone back upwards, propelling it into the air. and then the wings unfold and it comes out of the water and it beautifully becomes this flying birdlike thing. it is quite graceful. that was a very romantic description. now you know how romantic i am and what i get excited about. there is a beautiful part of it which makes it elegant. and elegance in nature that makes it effective as well. having the folding wings might look beautiful but for us it allows us to reduce the drag that it would experience as it dives in the water and allows it to dive more deeply, as well as protecting the wings on impact. the use it for the short cut to

click. join us on twitter for laser tech news and behind the scenes gossip. next weekjoin us for two special clicks from india. thank you for watching. see you then.