ahead looks pretty dry with variable amounts of cloud. you are watching bbc news, the headlines at 29 minutes to five. you are watching bbc news, the headlines at 29 minutes to five. the un has warned that the world is facing its biggest humanitarian crisis since 1945. more than 20 million people in yemen, nigeria, south sudan and somalia are facing starvation. turkey's president has accused the dutch government of acting like nazis after the turkish foreign minister was told he could not enter the netherlands. the dutch prime minster has called the remarks "crazy" and "way out of line". ajudge has been criticised for telling women who drink to excess that they might find themselves at greater risk of being raped. in her last trial before retiring, judge lindsay kushner qc said very drunk women could be targeted by predatory men. online touts who bulk buy tickets and sell them for inflated prices will face unlimited fines.the ban follows pressure from mps and consumers, unhappy at missing out on tickets. now on bbc news, it's time for reporters with phillipa thomas.

welcome to reporters. i'm philippa thomas. from here in the world's news room, we send our correspondents to bring you the best stories from across the globe. in this week's programme. inside north waziristan. owen bennett—jones finds the pakistan army back in control of the tribal area on the afghan border, after a huge military operation to clear out al-qaeda and the taliban. around one million people from north waziristan fled when the conflict was at its height, and the question now is whether they come back? saved from slavery and worse. naomi grimley meets the young

yazidis who escaped the so—called islamic state to find refuge in germany. a genocide in the making. alastair leithead reports from south sudan on claims of new atrocities by government forces and local militia. making china's skies blue again. carrie gracie investigates beijing's new measures against old polluting vehicles. the chinese economy is still fuelled by coal. naomi grimley meets the young yazidis who escaped the so—called the chinese economy is still fuelled by coal. and in the one party state there is little the public can do, to force the politicians here to deliver air fit to breathe. and the beauty of the brain. fergus walsh meets the researchers unlocking the science of thought. the tribal areas on the afg han—pakistan border have long been associated with militancy and lawlessness. the ancient tribal customs, with their emphasis on both revenge and hospitality, have been challenged in recent years by violentjihadis, imposing sharia, not tribal law.

north waziristan became home to al-qaeda, the taliban, and jihadists from all over the world, but as owen bennett—jones reports, after a long and bloody military campaign, the pakistani army is now firmly in control. for years now, these remote areas on the afghan—pakistan border have been a haven for violentjihadists. in 2014, the pakistan army launched a campaign to win back this land, and today virtually all of it is under army control. the militants left behind this roadside bomb factory. capturing facilities like this has made a difference. there used to be thousands of bomb attacks in pakistan each year, that is now down to hundreds. the army reckons its operations here are the most successful

anti—jihadist campaign the world has yet seen. this is sub conventional warfare. it is not conventional warfare. so somewhere it was the ied that was a threat to you, somewhere it was small ambush or different, so different incidents happening in different areas when we were trying to get them. just like aleppo and mosul, the army caused massive destruction fighting the jihadis. when the battle was raging, the entire population left. the effort is now on to get them back. around a million people from north waziristan fled when the conflict was at its height and the question now is will they come back? so the army has built facilities like this school, that can take 1,000 children — not open yet — but it is hoped this

will attract people to come back thinking there are ways they can live here, and get their children educated. there are few public schools in pakistan as well—equipped as this. local markets are also starting up again. but everyone knows the future holds great uncertainties. a few hours' drive away in the city of peshawar, traders say the number of bombs has gone down, but they still have problems. for example, with militants extorting money from them. this gentleman by himself has received extortion letter. if you want to see it i can show it to you. three months ago. asking for ten million. from this shopkeeper, can he afford that? no. this is the aps school, where 130 children were murdered by the pakistan taliban just over two years ago. the survivors say they are determined to resist the militants, by leading useful lives.

if you don't get over it, you don't get to live, because you see, if people become stuck in that psychological depression and that kind of thing, you cope with your study, you cope with your studies, you can't cope with the world, you can't see the beauty of life, so you have to cope up, and all we did, we all did bravely and we all did, we coped very brilliantly and now we are facing the world bravely. there is a growing nationalism in pakistan. some militant groups remain strong and haven't been challenged by the state, but there is also a rejection of those jihadis who attack targets on pakistani soil. 0wen bennettjoan, bbc news, north waziristan. as fighters from the self—styled islamic state are gradually being driven out of their stronghold in iraq, the scale of the atrocities is

being revealed against one ethnic group in particular. the yazidi people are ethnic kurds, and the un says they are the victims of a genocidal campaign, thousands have been killed, thousands more women and children are being held captive, many traded as sex slaves. some have imagined to escape and seek sanctuary in germany. naomi grimley has been to one refuge deep in a a forest from the south—west of the country. a secret location in south—west germany. it is a place of exile. 80 yazidi women and children now live here. they were violently % cuted by so—called islamic state and chased out of northern iraq. these two boys were captured by the extremists and sent to a military training camp aged just 14 and i6. this is their story. translation: the training was about

weapons, we learned how to load and fire a weapon. we were training to be soldiers. we would do exercise, crawling under barbed wire, things like that. to learn how the fire a gun on human beings they took us to graves where they had the dead bodies of muslim traitors or those who took drug, they said we had to fire on them to get used to it. if we didn't do what we were told or broke the rules they would beat us with a stick. everything had to be like they wanted. i had to pretend to be a muslim to survive. their books were like magic, they change your mind and made you into one of them. i bet notjust me, even a man's mind would have changed. after a year, a smuggler helped them escape the camp. it was dangerous.

but there was nothing left to be afraid of. we had seen death with oui’ afraid of. we had seen death with our own eye, we saw afraid of. we had seen death with oui’ own eye, we saw how afraid of. we had seen death with our own eye, we saw how they killed. when you lose everything, you have nothing left. we had nothing to lose. this is mainly a community of women and children. most of the men are missing, presumed dead. the women were originally brought to germany for trauma counselling after the mass rapes under islamic state. south—west germany has welcomed more than 1,000 yazidis in two years, and the man who runs the project says several towns volunteered to give them shelter. of course it is hard, of course they have bad dreams, of course they are struggling but they can start like, you know, just start a new future, get into school, get an education, dream about falling in love and all the things that are normal. all that

may take time, but at least for now, this refuge is far away from those religious zealots who are trying to wipe them out. to south sudan which according to the un is edging closer toe genocide. it accuses government forces and militia of carrying out ethnically motivated attacks on civilian, while using the current civil war as a smoke screen, but the government denies that the country is experiencing ethnic cleansing. alastair leithead reports. the grief of a mother. the death of a son. she travelled through the night, when she heard what happened. isaac's body was found dumped in the

river, his ankles tied. a metal wire tight round his neck. translation: my son was fishing and saw the body. i don't know who did it or why they did it. does this happen a lot? translation: it happens. government forces are in charge of the town. the civil war recently spread to this part of the country where different ethnic groups peacefully lived side by side. we area peacefully lived side by side. we are a short drive from the centre of the town, but this is pretty much the town, but this is pretty much the limit of where the army forces are prepared to go on foot. because the rebels control areas just up the road. houses and buildings in this deserted neighbourhood have been burned. the soldiers blame wild fires or accidents. it is our mandate to make sure

civilians are safe. it might be the rule but it is not the reality, or at least not the reality we heard from those who would talk. we are protecting their identities. this man's sister was assaulted by three soldiers. who raped her? the soldier. government soldier, yes. she is sure they are government soldiers? yes. is this happening a lot here? it is a lot. another witness described ten young men being dragged out of their family homes, chained together, and then shot, one by one. this woman was attacked in her house by soldiers in uniform. they started to beat me. he beat me here. it was painful. it was going to beat me on my head. i put my hands like that. even though both sides in this war have been

implicated in atrocities, these allegations were all against government forces. there is no killing or raping said the senior commander, anybody who does is arrested. the only people we fight are the rebels he said. this is when the killing occurs. the survivors claim civilians were killed by the army but we continue kill our own in our own country. so there are no renegade troops, no troops, not a single case? no. but still people are leaving, in eight months 500,000 people have fled the country, rather than live here under the army. everywhere you go in this area it is the same. villages that have been abandoned. people have closed up and taken what they can with them. hundreds of thousands of people from crossed into uganda, overs in the bush because of the fighting, everywhere, village after village. and there is a deeply disturbing ed

nickelment underlying the deaths, that people are being killed because of their ethnicity. that is why the un has warned this could end in genocide. alastair leithead, bbc news, south sudan. the netherlands is often described as the most liberal country in europe. but many are wondering if that reputation is changing. the polls suggest in the general election on wednesday many people will vote for geert willeder, who wa nts to will vote for geert willeder, who wants to pull the country out to eu and ban immigration from muslim countries may even win the largest number of seats. so what happened to the supposedly tolerant easy going dutch? gabriel great house has gone back. the netherlands is having an identity crisis. what does it mean

to be dutch? i don't remember people agonising over this question in the past. they are now. what are dutch values? we are all equal. we are all the same. we are very tolerant, and we drink and eat and play and dance together. so that is the good thing about carnival. what about the rest of the time? well, it's a bit different. we're not so tolerant any more. why not? some people are not so the same as other people. i think the whole islam thing makes it we are more aware of our values. geert wilders, the netherlands's a nswer to geert wilders, the netherlands's answer to donald trump wants to ban the koran, close the mosques and the borders. in defence of their tolerant way of life, many dutch people are a p pa re ntly life, many dutch people are apparently willing to vote for some

pretty intolerant policies. —— policies. growing up we were taught that tolerance was as much a part of dutch culture as eating mayonnaise with your chips. i used to live over there, number ten, just the other side of the canal. before i lived there, some other people did, whose names are commemorated here in these plaques, seven of them who were murdered by the nazis during the second world war because they were jewish. there are similar plaques along the canal side. during the war one tenth of the population of this city were deported to concentration camps. the german occupation had a huge impact on how the dutch see themselves. december criminating against people because of their religion, their culture or ethnic background, that was something that other people did. not the dutch. i grew up in a time when all of us in this country were still very much under the impression

that we live in the most liberal progressive country in the world. i used to say this to people. i am from amsterdam. i live in the best country in the world, best city in the world. anything goes and you are free to be whoever you are. however when i look back i think there was a lot going on under the surface that just wasn't discussed. beneath the surface, many people felt uncomfortable, with the effect of immigration. to speak of that was once taboo. not any more. fuelled by geefrt geert, the debate has focussed on islam. —— geert wilders. sylva n that focussed on islam. —— geert wilders. sylvan that has set up a political party, trying to highlight what she saysis party, trying to highlight what she says is a hidden current of racism in dutch society. the reaction has not been good. death threats is what i have received for similarly voicing my opinion on this topic. that doesn't sound like the most tolerant, the

most progressive country on earth. we used to take pride in saying we are so tolerant, that is our biggest problem. we have been tolerating and tolerating means accepting something that you really don't actually a i degree with, but you are just, you know accepting. perhaps the idea of the netherlands as free space was never anything more than an illusion. now, in an age of identity politics, the dutch are asking themselves some fundamental questions. what does liberalism mean? what are the limits of tolerance? and does the limits of tolerance? and does the netherlands still want to be a place that is open and inclusive? gabriel gate house, bbc news. to china where the government has declared its aim of making the skies blue again by tackling the country's air pollution crisis, the authorities want to reduce reliance on coal, and invest billions in

renewable energy and they are targeting emissions from cars which add to the smog hanging over major city, by encouraging the use of greener vehicles. carrie gracie has taken to the streets of beijing to find out more. everything in china is on a massive scale. the problems and the solutions. cars are to blame for about a third of china's air pollution. so it is scrapping the worst offenders. but this rich intellectual in the wrecker‘s yard is a losing battle against 30 million new cars taking to the roads this year. if these people want clean air, then from transport to heating and lifestyle, they have to change their behaviour. china has to kick its addiction to fossil fuels.

for this beijing couple the morning commute is a his and hers divide. he is part of the problem. and she is pa rt is part of the problem. and she is part of the solution. meet little blue. harmful emission, zero. to beat the petrolheads china subsidises electric vehicles and makes them much easier to license. 0n smogy days little blue doesn't face restrictions like other cars and kim is proud to her her bit for clea n and kim is proud to her her bit for clean air. translation: we all have to live in the city and the pollution is ten for health and beijing's image, driving little blue i don't have to feel guilty even on smogy days, i tell my friends they should get one too. gathering winter fuel. to too. gathering winterfuel. to beat too. gathering winter fuel. to beat the smog, all the villages surround

beijing have banned the burning of coal. and 70—year—old farmer is forced back to the old ways. the fire heats their brick bed. the fire heats their brick bed. the government did give them an electric heater, but on their pensions they can't afford to switch it on much. winters are sub—zero here. but he tells me he is more worried about his electricity bill, than about the cold or the smog. he is wearing thick layers of long johns. beijing can clean the air when it wa nts to, beijing can clean the air when it wants to, like now for the annual session of its rubber—stamp parliament but it can't do it for long because despite the push for cleaner vehicles and heating, the chinese economy is still fuelled by coal. and in the one party state

there is little the public can do to force the politicians here to deliver air fit force the politicians here to deliver airfit to force the politicians here to deliver air fit to breathe. carrie gracie, bbc news, beijing. it is one of the most prestigious awards in the world of science, a prize of almost one million, for cutting—edge research aimed at understanding the brain. this year it has been bon by three british based neuroscientists for their work on how the brain uses a system of chemical rewards to help us make choice, they have been speaking to fergus walsh. how do we motivate ourselves in life? whether it is the choices we make about the food we eat, cream cake, orfruit. to the friends we make. thanks fergus. the pleasure of a hug or the goals we set ourselves at work, to succeed or bya we set ourselves at work, to succeed or by a better car. what underpins our decision making is a chemical in

the brain called dopamine which is released when there is a reward. this sense of reward which can sometimes be equated with happiness, pleasure, or simply a desire to do something has been crucial in human evolution. the three nero scientists who shared the prize given by a foundation in denmark have spent 30 yea rs foundation in denmark have spent 30 years studying the dopamine reward path wray and say it underpins all our choices. you look at a menu, so you have an interesting thing, should you explore a new type of cuisine so you make a prediction of what it might be like, you say maybe i will try it. if it is better that than you expect you get a positive signal. next time you have a higher chance of choosing that food. if it is worse you won't choose it. there is worse you won't choose it. there isa is worse you won't choose it. there is a dark side to the dopamine reward pathway. it can reinforce poor decision making such as with drug addiction and lead to

compulsive behaviour. parkinson's disease leads to the loss of dopamine producing never cells. drugs that boost the levels can sometimes trigger addict shin behaviour. it can negative effects leading to excess gambling, numerous pay enwhens when treated with drugs have resorted to gambling, often secretive this is the result in the tragedy of them losing their life savings. the three prize winners are based in the uk, which has a track record of world leading brain research. their work will help in the development of treatments, for patients with psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia where the brain reward system goes wrong. fergus walsh bbc news. that is all from reporterfor walsh bbc news. that is all from reporter for this walsh bbc news. that is all from reporterfor this week, walsh bbc news. that is all from reporter for this week, from walsh bbc news. that is all from reporterfor this week, from me, philippa thomas. goodbye. hello. some of us managed to get

some sunshine so far today. it has been up to round 18 degrees across the south—east of the country but overall a bit of cloud round across the uk, certainly northern area, a few spits and spot of rain in one or two areas and no change as far as this evening and overnight is concern. the clouds will thicken and some rain will arrive. this is that slither, that sunnier slither we had today. scotland and northern ireland enjoyed some sunshine and northern ireland had its warmest day so far this year. a couple of pictures from our weather watchers. a nice picture from guernsey s it has been foggy in the last few days there, so some fine weather here. the weather in the next few hours. it is 5.00, so the next few hours. it is 5.00, so the next few hours. it is 5.00, so the next hour or so. here it is s relatively clear in the south—east

here, some sunshine, but look at that, the cloud is starting to thicken in wales, through the north—west of england, into yorkshire. but also across scotland, and need. we will continue with the clearer weather at least for a time. then as far as this evening is concerned some rain will turn heavier, so you are in for a damp evening in the north—west, the north east, we have damp weather to southern england and weather front. coming together giving a sort of damp at the very least end to the night. with that it is going to be relatively mild. nine or ten degrees so not a cold night. then tomorrow, we have all of this cloud and bits and pieces of rain on tom of it. tomorrow the weather will chop and change, we have one area of wet weather for a change, we have one area of wet weatherfor a time in change, we have one area of wet weather for a time in the change, we have one area of wet weatherfor a time in the morning and lunchtime across east anglia, and lunchtime across east anglia, and the south—east. then we have maybe a slither of brightness here, then another little finger of cloud and rain, more sunshine, so a bit

like a zebra i guess, cloud, rain, sunshine, bit of rain, sunshine, the weather will change a bit through the course of tomorrow but by the evening, so sunday evening the skies will clear and it is going to be a chilly night. so sunday night into monday, we could see a touch of frost, have a touch of frost across some parts of the uk. here is a look at monday itself. sunshine again, a nice day, the winds will be mostly coming in from the south—west, 15 there in london but fresher in glasgow, around 11 degree, and tuesday and wednesday, mostly dry, there will be a bit of rain but not an awful lot. temperatures typically round 12—15. this is bbc news. famine in parts of africa and the middle east could lead to the world's biggest humantarian crisis since 1945 according the united nations. turkey's president calls the dutch "nazi remnants and fascists" us secret service agents arrest an intruder trying

to enter the white house. a retiring femalejudge is criticised for saying women can protect themselves against potential rapists by not getting too drunk. critics say her remarks blame victims for the crime. also in the next hour. the government cracks down on ticket touts. computer software which buys hundreds of tickets within seconds is to be made illegal with law breakers facing unlimited fines. and at twickenham. ..