tv Victoria Derbyshire BBC News September 11, 2017 9:00am-11:00am BST
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hello. it's monday, it's 9 o'clock, i'm victoria derbyshire, welcome to the programme. our top story today — devastation across florida as hurricane irma continues to pound the state with winds of around 100 miles an hour. hurricane irma has formed these waterspouts in the atlantic that make their way on shore. wind speeds are in excess of 90 miles an hour. here on the fourth floor balcony, there are more like 100 miles an hour. we'll hear from some of those affected throughout the programme. plus — rare access with young paedophiles who tell us they will not abuse children. but is there enough support to stop people offending? there needs to be a way that they know they can get help, and it's going to be anonymous. if you had known that you could have got help anonymously, would you have done it? definitely, yeah. those full interviews in around 15 minutes' time. and he's the world's biggest youtube star — what? did hejust said billions and
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millions? but pewdiepie has been forced to apologise — again — after being caught using a racist slur in one of his videos. hello. welcome to the programme, we're live until 11. throughout the morning, the latest breaking news and developing stories...and as always, really keen to hear from you on all the stories we're talking about this morning. a little later, we'll be talking about the prescription drug pregabalin and the huge rise in sales on the black market and the devastating impact it has on addicts. also ,we'll speak to the christian parents who're threatening to sue their children's school because one of the pupils there goes to school some days as a boy and others as a girl — use the hashtag victorialive and if you text, you will be charged at the standard network rate. our top story today...hurricane irma
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has slammed into the west coast of florida, bringing with it intense rainfall, severe flooding, violent winds and tornadoes. at least three people have died since the storm made landfall on sunday, hitting miami and the florida keys, before heading for tampa. power supplies have been cut to more than four millions homes and businesses. our correspondent jane o'brien sent this report from miami. miami may have dodged the eye of irma, but the city was still inundated by water from the sea and sky. ocean surges and torrential rain swamped the financial district. oh, my god. all day sunday, people were told to seek shelter from the hurricane—force winds. wind speeds here are still in excess of 90 miles per hour. and up here on the fourth floor balcony, they are more like 100 miles per hour.
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and just to give you an idea of the force and the impact of the combined rain and wind, take a look at this lake behind me. it has completely flooded, the water pushed up over the bank and is now approaching the car park. the florida keys took the first direct hit as irma strengthened to a category 4. a relief effort is under way to reach those who decided to stay. we have thousands of officers and officials on hand to rescue people as soon as it is safe. but they cannot help you until the storm has passed. you need to stay in a safe place. irma is now sweeping over florida's west coast. president trump has promised every assistance and plans to visit the state later this week. jane o'brien, bbc news, miami. bbc weather‘s tomasz schafernaker is in tampa in florida — earlier, he sent us this update. we're pretty much now
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at the height of the storm. believe it or not, i'm being sheltered by some of the buildings here. so i'm not feeling the full force of the wind. i can tell that the strongest of the winds are further down the street. i can see tree limbs lying down. i certainly won't venture out where the strongest air currents are blowing through. here, you can't see, but in front of me is the hotel. so this is pretty bad, but certainly not the worst. and one thing we are hearing is this occasional roar between the buildings. so you definitely can say that irma is roaring through downtown tampa. rachel schofield is in the bbc newsroom with a summary
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of the rest of the day's news. the brexit secretary, david davis, has warned mps that voting against the european union withdrawal bill later today would amount to backing a "chaotic" exit from the eu. labour says it will oppose the bill, claiming it represents a "power grab" by ministers. mr davis said the british people "did not vote for confusion" in the referendum and urged mps to back the government's plans. the general secretary of the tuc, frances o'grady, has described the government's negotiating position on brexit as a "letter to santa". at the organisation's annual congress, she will urge political parties to consider staying in the single market after britain leaves the eu. some child protection charities have told this programme there isn't enough help for people who realise they are paedophiles but who know child abuse is wrong and won't act on their desires. every year, around 58,000 children in the uk are estimated
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to be sexually abused. authorities are now trying to stop that abuse happening in the first place and want paedophiles to get in contact before they offend. there's been a dramatic rise in deaths linked to the drug pregabalin — which is used to treat anxiety and epilepsy. pregabalin is readily prescribed on the nhs — but an increase in its availability on the black market has led to the rise. there were just four deaths linked to the drug in 2012, while last year there were 111. pewdiepie, the world's highest—paid youtube star, has apologised after using the "n—word" during an online broadcast. he could be heard using the slur while he was playing a video game during a live streaming. the 27—year—old swede — who has 57 million subscribers on youtube — apologised for the comment. saying he didn't "mean
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it in a bad way". people with mental health problems are suffering due to a huge variation in access to nhs psychiatrists across the uk according to new analysis. the royal college of psychiatrists says more need to be recruited to improve care. new figures revealed to the bbc‘s panorama programme show that sepsis — or blood poisoning — isn't being picked up or treated quickly enough in some hospitals. health secretaryjeremy hunt says 40% of sepsis patients in england don't receive antibiotics within an hour of arriving at a&e and more needs to be done to reduce the number of preventable deaths. details of apple iphones and other apparently forthcoming products have been leaked to two technology websites. the company is expected to announce its latest models on tuesday. the information contains details
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of facial recognition technology that could be used to make purchases online, and images of new headphones and a watch. that's a summary of the latest bbc news — more at 9.30. we will bring you a report in a few minutes' time where we hear anonymously from what are described as non—offending paedophiles, anti—contact paedophiles. that is another phrase used to describe them. they are young, early 20s. they say they realised in their early teens that they were attracted to children. and without going to talk about the help that they try and seek in order not to act on their impulses. there is a tweet from resisting hate. we need to ensure that those who are committed to not harming children are not vilified. also on twitter, someone
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says a proper understanding of what it means and what it doesn't mean to bea it means and what it doesn't mean to be a paedophile is needed for people not to be afraid to seek help. there isa not to be afraid to seek help. there is a lot of stigma to fight. and dean says we need to make it so that paedophiles feel safe seeking help and canfind paedophiles feel safe seeking help and can find it easily. we will bring you an insight in the next few minutes. do get in touch with us throughout the morning — use the hashtag victoria live and if you text, you will be charged at the standard network rate. let's get some sport. 0lly foster is with us this morning. chris froome is a phenomenon. we already knew that with four tour de france titles to his name, he was special, but he's has managed to step it up again. two titles in the same year is very rare. he has completed the tour de france and the tour of completed the tour de france and the tourof spain, the completed the tour de france and the tour of spain, the vuelta, the double. let's speak to andy swiss.
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looking at the physical and mental demands, that is 4000 miles across those two races and just under four weeks between the two. it is an astonishing achievement. it is. winning the tour de france and the vuelta in the same summer is something that is virtually unheard of. only two men had previously done it, back in 1963 and 1978. as you say, it is the ultimate test of mental and physical endurance. froome told me yesterday at the finish that he had targeted this double at the start of the season. with that in mind, he didn't do too many warm—up races early in the season. some people thought he might be undercooked going into the tour de france, but he certainly wasn't. winning this double cement his place
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among cycling's all—time greats. what can he do next? can he hold all three grand tours at the same time, the giro d'italia? that is in may. sangakkara that's right, there is this tantalising prospect that he could, if he decides to go for the giro d'italia next year, hold all three of the grand tours. he has the tour de france, the vuelta. the giro d'italia would be something extraordinary that would put him right at the top of his sport. that is something he will have to consider. there is also the possibility of winning a fifth tour de france title next year. froome believes there is still plenty left for him to achieve. it isjust a dream to win two grand tours like this. i am still coming to terms
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with it. just an amazing feeling. i still have a lot to achieve in my career. i still have a lot to achieve in my career. lam still have a lot to achieve in my career. i am not retiring any time soon, but it will be hard to top this. astonishingly, froome could be backin this. astonishingly, froome could be back in the saddle next week. it is the world time trial championships in norway. he is expected to participate in that, so despite this extraordinary achievement, not much time for chris froome to put his feet up. amazing. makes my legs ache just thinking about what he has been through. so not only is he amazing, but so is rafael nadal? yeah, there has been a bit of a retro feel to 2017 when it comes to tennis. seven yea rs since rafael nadal and roger federer last hoovered up the grand slams. nadal beat kevin anderson in
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straight sets. he also won the australian open. kevin anderson says he will be back. he at least made a bit of tennis history, the tallest person to appear in a final, six foot eight. over the weekend, we had jamie murray winning the doubles with martina hingis. and the two british wheelchair players alfie hewett and andy lapthorne lost their respective finals last night, but they are doubles finalist in new york. thanks. every year, 58,000 children in britain are estimated to be sexually
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abused. this morning, we will look at how the authorities tried to stop that happening and how to get treatment to paedophiles before they offend. to do that, we have spoken to two young men in their twenties who are paedophiles, but say they have not and will not abuse children. some of what they say they be hard to watch. you will not want children to see this report. we're bringing it you today because there are support groups have told this programme that there isn't enough help for people who realise they have a problem and that without that support in the early days, more people will go on to offend us that we consulted the nspcc and victims' charities during the making of our film, which lasts around 18 minutes. i'm a paedophile. i think i am normal, yes. i went to uni, have a job, do normal things. about 15, when i realised that there was something different. i'm not going to hurt kidsjust for my own gratification. or for any reason, really.
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a paedophile is someone who has a sexual interest in young children. it's a recognised mental disorder. it would kill me, really, to ever think that i could ruin someone's life. i just don't want to do that. just for a short amount of time i had managed to delude myself into thinking that romantic relations were kind of 0k. kind of above, i think, 11—ish. from a child protection point of view, the more help that can be provided as early as possible, the better. a paedophile is defined
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as an adult who is sexually attracted to children. although we see regular news reports about paedophilia and child abuse, many of them do not go on to offend. but paedophiles are one of the most vilified groups in society. as a result, many find it difficult to talk about their attractions and so difficult to get help. we've spoken to several paedophiles who tell as they are committed to never acting on their urges, in order to gain a unique insight in how it is like and how working with them could prevent children being abused. two of them have agreed to talk to us on camera. they are both in their early 20s and say they have never abused and have no intention of doing so. for obvious reasons, we have agreed to protect the identities and their words are spoken for them. we have called one of them jake, and the other adam. i'm a paedophile. i think i am normal, yes.
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i went to uni, have a job, do normal things. so when people think about paedophiles, they think people who hurt children. but i don't. i never want to do that. i am anti—contact. i am a person who is attracted to children. ijust wanted to help raise awareness. make it easier for people like me to get help and know that they are not alone. i was probably about 13 when i first became aware. i think it was when one of my friends started talking about girls and i was thinking about boys. at first i thought i was gay. then, as i got older, the age stayed the same and got even younger, really. about 15, when i started to realise that there was something different. about early 16 when i realised what it actually was. i am primarily attracted to girls around five to 11—ish.
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it does go up to my own age as well. i thought i was too young, really. i thought paedophiles were old men who looked at children. i didn't think i was one. then i tried to hide it. i tried to ignore it, pretend it wasn't there, pretend i was normal. concentrate on my schoolwork, concentrate on my football. it was really when i was about 17 when i started to address it. i thought, ok, this was a phase. it's not going away now. i need to think about trying to solve it kind of thing. are you comfortable telling us the age of the children you are attracted to? yes, so my age of attraction is one to 15. but as they get younger, the emotional attraction is more prominent. is it hard telling people that? yeah, because they won't
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understand how someone can be attracted to, for example, a toddler. they don't really understand that attraction is physical and emotional. i don't think of a toddler in a sexual way, rather than i want to cuddle one. and make sure they are happy and that is mainly it with younger children. there are going to be people watching those that will find that so difficult to hear. i don't think it's really that crazy. i mean, to want to make children happy, make sure they're safe, cuddle them and show them affection. you were a child yourself wrestling some pretty massive dilemmas. what was that like for you? i definitely felt alone at that point.
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i think that knowing that i had that attraction was the hardest part. like knowing that i was one of these people that everyone hates. growing up, you are taught that paedophiles are all bad people and the all hurt kids. i thought, what if that is going to be me? i kind of thought that i might be an anomaly because i didn't want to do that, i didn't want to hurt kids. i felt quite alone at that time. have you ever abused a child? no, definitely not. how tempted to have you been? i have never been at all tempted to hurt kids. i am not going to hurt kidsjust for my own gratification, or for any reason, really. ijust don't think it is in my nature to hurt anyone. i want help people. i do not think i would gain anything from someone. anything
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from hurting someone. ok, maybe momentarily but afterwards it was kill me, really, it ever think i could ruin someone's life. ijust do not want to do that. one current strand of thinking is that paedophilia is down to biology. the canadian study used mri brain scans and found that paedophiles have less white matter, essentially what wires different parts of the brain together. in other words, it is likely faulty connection. there's disagreement about the numbers, but estimates vary between 1% and 5% of men having some form of sexual interest in children. for some, it's exclusive, others are mostly drawn to adults. there is even less consensus about the number of female paedophiles but it is not to be much smaller still. so, are some people born into an unwanted attraction to children? and what, if anything, can be done to stop them acting on that attraction? i'm here to speak to someone who is an expert in the field. he's the clinical forensics psychologist, he has set up treatment programmes and prisons
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and is a university professor. paedophilia is equated in the public mind very often with predatory child rapists. if you have that misunderstanding, you put children at more risk because you're not seeing the situation for what it is. let's start off with the basic question. what is a paedophile? a paedophile is someone who has a sexual interest in young children. it's a recognised mental disorder. it's something that people do not choose to have, it's a condition in the same way someone might have depression or adhd. a lot of people are able to manage that condition without acting on it. you talk about it being a condition, is that something that can be cured then? it's something that people can help with. treatment in the broadest
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sense is very important. that reduces and lowers the risk that they would harm other people. how is talking to a paedophile going to stop them hardening children? do you really think that treatment can help? from a child protection point of view, the more help that can be provided as early as possible, the better. these are people who are very often desperate to get some kind of help to make sure that the don't slip over that edge. child sexual abuse and rape is one of the most serious crimes a court can deal with. it can carry a life sentence. so the idea that you can help victims by helping might seem odd at first, but the aim is to prevent children becoming victims and the first place. i have been talking to other young paedophiles. one of them messaged me and said, "if i had been able to go to the doctor and see, i am a paedophile, i want help, iwould have, but
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doctors and other professionals have a duty to tell authorities if they think a child has been or could be harmed. even though this young man needed advice, he wasn't prepared to risk it. jake and adam have relied on telling a few friends and their mums. i just couldn't get myself to say what it was. i made her guess and gave her slight clues until she eventually guessed what it was. my mum came upstairs and i was crying. she asked what was wrong. i kept crying and said ijust can't talk about it. then she kept on guessing and she asked if i only liked men. then i said, i don't like men. then she asked if i liked women. isaid, no. then she paused and said if i like children. that is when i said, yes. what did you say when you told her how young the children are? she kind of didn't believe me. she was saying, that is too
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young kind of thing. she was looking at me like completely blank way. as if disbelieving kind of thing. ijust felt so disgusted with myself as well. she made me feel like that. medical experts who work with paedophiles say you cannot blame someone for an unwanted attraction, but you can blame them if they act on it and go on to abuse. now, jake and adam described themselves as anti—contact paedophiles. they are committed to never harming children. but when they were younger and feeling isolated, they came across other paedophiles online who called themselves pro—contact. so pro—contacts are people who believe that having sexual contact with children is ok, that there is nothing wrong with it and it doesn't harm the child.
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you think, oh wow, i have found this person who is like me, maybe i should be like it too because you're like me. did you think at this time this was something you were going to act on your attractions at some stage? i thought maybe at some point in my life maybe i would, not imminently, but i realised this actually hurts children and i do not want to be part of this. i have always been firmly against any sexual contact. but just for a short amount of time, i had managed to delude myself into thinking that romantic relations were 0k. kind of above 11—ish. as long as there was no sexual contact. feeling like i was alone and having no—one to talk to about it, it meant that there was no one to stop my mind from justifying things that we ren't really justifiable. did you ever think about going to your doctor or anything? i thought about it for a bit.
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but then i realised just how risky it was. so i didn't think about it much more. tell me about the risk. well, you never really know if they are going to want to report you if they feel like you are a danger. you can tell them all you want that you're not a danger and it is under control, but you do not really know if they are going to believe you or not. i guess people would like if it wasn't. yes. i would have just felt a lot less alone. i wouldn't have gone down the route i did of deluding myself into thinking certain things. i think that's a danger, when no one has anyone to push them on to the right path, they might start thinking things they should not be thinking. as you did? yeah, i didn't get as far as i might have done. there needs to be a way that they know that they can get help and it is going to be anonymous. if you had known you could have got help anonymously, would you have done it?
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definitely, yes. we're on our way to the lucy faithfull foundation. it's a charity that has one single aim and that is to stop children being sexually abused. it doesn't do that by talking to kids after they have been harmed, it wants to prevent that harm happening at all in the first place. they talk to sex offenders and paedophiles who are worried about their thoughts and their actions and what they might end up doing. good afternoon. stop it now helpline. it runs a confidential phone line for anyone who is worried about children being sexually abused. it speaks up to 850 people a month including paedophiles. you you don't have to give me your full name or any details that will identify you. but if you do, and then give me information identifying a child who has or is that risk of being abused, we will pass that information on to the appropriate agencies. what's it like for you getting these phonecalls? does it affect you emotionally? it's a challenge.
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and it's something that the general public don't always appreciate what we're trying to do. we're certainly not making people who offend against children feel comfortable about their actions. i know it makes a difference. i've worked here for nearly five years and have seen results time and time again. the preventative work we do does prevent children. the message is that they know how devastating child sexual abuse can be. so even though the foundation works with criminals and paedophiles, the emphasis is always on the victims. the government supports work like this, saying it is vital to prevent abuse happening. the bottom line is we all want to protect children from sexual harm. we know if we're going to be successful about achieving that goal, we need to be speaking to people who are struggling with their sexual thoughts and feelings so that they do not act on them. that feels like an important part
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of what we do as a child protection agency. some of the young men that i have spoken to describe hitting puberty, realising that they were attracted to children and not knowing what to do about it. we need to do much more to make sure that services are more accessible to people who are struggling with their sexual thoughts and feelings, who have not committed a sexual offence and guidance that they do not act upon those feelings. it's easier to prevent child sexual abuse in some context than to have to pick up the pieces after the event. despite that, it is simpler for staff to help child abusers who have already been caught. they can pay for face—to—face sessions and their are courses for internet offenders. by accessing it you contribute to that harm. if a paedophile has done something illegal, has not been caught but wants help to stop, they can only speak to someone on the helpline. that is because if they were not
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anonymous, the foundation would have to report them to the police. it's easier for us if people are known to the authorities, we can meet with them in person. that's more straightforward. the context might be different, but i am confident the help we can give people is equally beneficial through whatever means they can contact us. but still, professional help can be hard to come by. instead, there is a self—help. online forums set—up by paedophiles for paedophiles who don't want to abuse. the only help i have seeked is on and online forum for anti—contact. if i had done that before i started talking to pro contacts, i don't think i ever would have had pro—contact thoughts. i'm part of quite a few online communties that are anti—contact. so if i did begin to change a bit, they would push me back onto the right path. because when people imagine an online community of paedophiles,
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this is not what the imagine, is it? no, they definitely expect sharing inappropriate pictures, stuff like that. that's not it at all. have you had any relationships with girls your own age? no. do you think that is something that is possible for you in the future? 0h, definitely, yes. i do have that attraction to people my own age, just a lesser extent. do you think you can go on to lead a happy and fulfilled life? i don't know, really. i'd like to believe so ,but i don't know. you can read a full article on cath burns report on the bbc news website. a home office spokesperson told us: "it is vital that every
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effort is made to prevent offending in the first place. we are supportive of the efforts in this space and would welcome further innovative work by charities and the private sector to better protect children from harm." paul says, i was sexually abused for yea rs paul says, i was sexually abused for years and has messed up my life. another says, this report on your programme about paedophiles is trying to normalise their disgusting thoughts. sarah on twitter says, really good report on helping paedophiles who don't want to offend. long overdue and very helpful. and a couple more. sarah jane, very uncomfortable viewing, but supporting young paedophiles will reduce child abuse. kennedy says, there should be more help for people attracted to children, or how will it stop? and another says, this
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is disturbing, but hiding it would be worse. after 10am, we'll hear from the nspcc, who were consulted during the making of this film. if you have concerns about sexual abuse, you can contact the lucy faithfull foundation on 08081000 900. stop so can be contacted on 07473 299883. and you can receive links to help and support on the bbc action line page at bbc.co.uk/actionline. rachel schofield is in the bbc newsroom with a summary of today's news. at least three people are dead and millions have been left without power after hurricane irma hit mainland usa. on the west coast of florida, there have been deadly storms, powerful winds and severe flooding — 4 million homes have been left without power.
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parts of miami are also under water. president trump says the state will get government help to rebuild. the brexit secretary, david davis, has warned mps that voting against the european union withdrawal bill later today would amount to backing a "chaotic" exit from the eu. labour says it will oppose the bill, claiming it represents a "power grab" by ministers. mr davis said the british people "did not vote for confusion" in the referendum and urged mps to back the government's plans. some child protection charities have told this programme there isn't enough help for people who realise they are paedophiles, but who know child abuse is wrong and won't act on their desires. every year, around 58,000 children in the uk are estimated to be sexually abused. authorities are now trying to stop that abuse happening in the first place and want paedophiles to get in contact before they offend. there's been a dramatic rise in deaths linked to the drug pregabalin —
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which is used to treat anxiety and epilepsy. pregabalin is readily prescribed on the nhs — but an increase in its availability on the black market has led to the rise. there were just four deaths linked to the drug in 2012, while last year there were 111. pewdiepie, the world's highest—paid youtube star, has apologised after using the "n—word" during an online broadcast. he could be heard using the slur while he was playing a video game during a live streaming. the 27—year—old swede — who has 57 million subscribers on youtube — apologised for the comment, saying he didn't "mean it in a bad way". that's a summary of the latest bbc news — more at 10.00. before ten, we will speak to the pa rents before ten, we will speak to the parents who have removed their six—year—old from primary school because of the school's handling of
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another pupil's request to treat their child as transgender. let's get some sport now. olly foster is with us this morning, and what a summer it has been for chris froome. these are our headlines this morning. chris froome has completed the rarest of cycling doubles, adding the vuelta a espana title to his tour de france victory this year. only two other men have won both races in the same season. he will now consider competing in the giro d'italia next may to try and complete the set of grand tours. rafael nadal is the us open champion for the third time after a straight sets win over kevin anderson in new york. nadal is once again just three grand slam titles behind his great rival roger federer, who leads the list on 19. both men shared the four major titles this year. crystal palace manager frank deboer admits he "doesn't know" if he'll be given time to turn the club's form round. palace lost to burnley1—0 and have made the worst start in premier league history. four games in, they have no points and no goals.
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another football result from yesterday. newcastle beat swansea 1—0. more after ten. hurricane irma is currently pounding the state of florida. 3.5 million homes in the state have no power, and parts of miami are under water. it's now been downgraded to a category 2 — it was category 5 when it was pummelling cuba — but it is still wreaking havoc. a dangerous storm surge has flooded long stretches of coast. police in miami said large areas were covered by standing water and power lines had come down in 80% of the city, though it's been spared the full wrath of the storm as it turned westwards. at least three people have been killed and some 6.3 million people in florida had been told to evacuate. to put that into context, that's like trying to evacuate all of birmingham, wolverhampton and manchester. this amateur footage shows river levels rising in the brickell area of miami, south florida's version of wall street. the hurricane turned the financial district into a fast—moving river,
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making it almost unrecognisable. humans are not the only ones seeking shelter from the strong winds, heavy rains and deadly floods of hurricane irma. animals and birds, too, are finding ways to stay safe — and often, they need human help. this is miami zoo after the storm hit. all the animals are safe, according to the zoo's management. dolphins, pigs and flamingos are just some of the animals which have been rescued from the floods. bbc weather‘s tomasz schafernaker is in tampa in florida, earlier he sent us this update. well, tampa found itself in the ire of the storm about an hour ago. the winds suddenly fell light and soon after that, the winds came back.
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they did a 180. the winds are not as strong as what we were experiencing earlier in the night. in fact, the backside of the storm is much weaker. we have been hearing that the storm is starting to fall apart now. it is down to a category one. but just a few now. it is down to a category one. butjust a few hours ago, the winds we re butjust a few hours ago, the winds were roaring in this part of tampa. sheets of rain came through. it sounded almost like a train in the distance that just sounded almost like a train in the distance thatjust kept going and going. in terms of the damage in downtown tampa, it is difficult to say exactly because we are in a sheltered spot and there doesn't seem sheltered spot and there doesn't seem to be too much damage to the trees. there is a palm tree below and some scattered tree debris, but we will find out once the sun rises how the areas that are not so sheltered closer to the coastline have fared. the worry is that the storm surge still remains a threat even after the eye passes and the
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winds died down. that is all the way from naples, through sarasota and here around the tampa bay area. what is it like in your part of the world at the moment? the wind and the weather are finally improving slowly after a devastating blow from hurricane irma in the last 24 hours, or the last 36 hours. our focus hurricane irma in the last 24 hours, or the last 36 hours. ourfocus has shifted now from protecting everybody from the storm to assessing the damage and trying to protect people who are still in danger. what impact has had in the
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last 24 hours? describe it for our british audience. well, a hurricane has typically several hazards. hurricane irma brought all of them to the florida keys, including the violent, damaging wind gusts, tornadoes, torrential rainfall, and most significantly, storm surge flooding. we are not sure of the extent of all of this. but as the weather improves today, our response community will begin the assessment and recovery. and is the storm surge still a threat? m0, the waters have come down. the tides are still running high in some areas, but the direct threat to life and property has ended. and where does hurricane irma go next? well, it is weakening rapidly and moving north across
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central florida at the moment. there we re central florida at the moment. there were hurricane force winds in that area, but it is moving to the north. thank you for talking to us, chip casper from the national weather service, based in key west in florida. coming up, he's reported to have made $15 million dollars from youtube last year. he's the world's highest paid youtube star and he used the "n word" on his latest video. pewdiepie finds himself in the middle of controversy again. deaths linked to a drug readily prescribed on the nhs have increased dramatically after claims it has flooded the black market. pregabalin, which is used to treat pain, anxiety and epilepsy, is being sold illegally to addicts and taken with other drugs such as heroin, leading to overdoses. in 2012 there were four deaths linked to pregabalin. last year there were 111. patrick clahane from bbc inside out south—west meets addict martin hopkins from plymouth in devon, as he takes the drug.
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again, there are scenes in this report — from the very beginning — which some of you might find distressing and upsetting — it lasts around eight minutes. martin hopkins has been an addict for more than 20 years. but his latest fix is the cheapest, most easily available yet. my drug of choice at the moment is pregabs. they just totally destroy me. martin takes pregabalin with heroin, putting his health at risk.
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itjust makes me fall asleep. it makes me like i've got no problems. i do it and itjust wipes all my problems away. pregabalin is a prescription drug. it is used to treat pain, anxiety and epilepsy. it used to be really expensive, but, a few years ago, the price the nhs had to pay dropped. the first version of pregabalin that came on the market at a maximum daily dose would have been about £100 for a month's supply. that price has now come down to about £10 to £12 for a month's supply. so it's a significant reduction in the price. because it's cheaper, more of it is being prescribed and that has led to a big rise of it on the black market. martin's mate james gander is hooked, too. i'm going to go and phone someone and get some, only a couple.
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james has got around a dozen suppliers. most of them, he says, are getting it on prescription from their doctors. i'll take them and buy a can of beer and just relax. how much does that cost? i don't know, a couple of quid for the tablets. a couple of quid for a beer. hello, mate, you all right? i forgot about it, but now i'm on the phone to you, do you do pregabalins, anything like that? yeah, how much do you charge for them? used properly, pregabalin is regarded as an effective and safe drug. but in the wrong hands, it is potentially lethal. the two most serious side—effects of pregabalin in high doses
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are respiratory suppression, ie, stopping the patient breathing, and slowing down of the heart rate. opioids such as heroin and also alcohol, both also reduce the heart rate and also reduces the respiration rate. so high doses of either of those together with the high dose of pregabalin or even a cocktail of all three increases the risk of the patient‘s heart stopping. linda nichols knowsjust how dangerous the drug can be. so there's a knock on the door. two policeman stood there, asked to come in. so i thought, oh, no, what's happened? they came in and then he said to sit down and then he explained to me that they had found lee dead. i was just screaming. i could just take none of it in. it was absolutely terrible. no mother should have to go through it. two years ago, her son lee russ took a deadly cocktail of drugs, including heroin and pregabalin. he just wasn't lee. when he's on pregabalin, i have to hide it before i went to work, or i would leave him enough dosage for the day until i came home.
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if he couldn't get enough of it, he would be like slamming doors, going out of the house, coming back in. he was just horrendous to live with. somebody on that pregabalin. lee started on prescribed pregabalin. but when that ran out, he turned to the black market. a phone call or a text or whatever, just nipping out for five minutes, mum. giving up the bus stop or whatever, and come back. then within 20 minutes, totally different again. it's hard. to live with them and then not have them around you for the sake of drugs. i'll never get over it. five years ago, there were four deaths linked to pregabalin in england and wales. last year, there were 111. martin hopkins wants to get clean for the sake of his family and for a son he last saw as a baby. he's 15. the last time i saw him he was in my arms, then.
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and seeing him now as a man, it's like... being a man now. it destroyed me. it made me realise how much i missed. there's so much. i need to pull bleep myself together now. because if not, i'm just going to be one of those statistics. heroin addict, died. martin says it's hard to get clean when drugs are also available. pregabs are flooded in this city. the doctors have got to know about this. why are they still giving them out? for gps, the challenge is to spot the genuine cases from the dealers. you know that the people that you are seeing have addictive personalities and have an addiction to something. why would you still maybe prescribed pregabalin?
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for the average gp, it can be very difficult to identify those individuals who are actually be selling drugs that are being prescribed. you just do what is legal and what you think is best. campaigners now want the government to take action and make pregabalin what is called a controlled drug, with stricter rules on prescribing and tougher penalties for misuse. any drug which is found in fatal overdoses in people that have died is a drug that we as an addiction service need to be focusing in on. i think the government will likely make this drug schedule three controlled drug. it will certainly make prescribers more wary about prescribing it in terms of who they prescribe it to and for the length of time that they do. back in plymouth, martin has asked to see the footage i filmed
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of him high on pregabalin. that is definitely embarrassing. do you remember any of that? no. not at all. i was a state that day. i can't want to be like this for the rest of my life. because what i have seen, if that does not wake me up, nothing is going to wake me up. suddenly, martin wants to go. he is here already, so i can't. what do you mean? i've got go and meet someone. are you going to come back? yeah, i'm coming back. i promise you. where are you going? just... you can't follow me! i'll be two minutes. two minutes. this is doing my head in, that's all. he later told me he went to score heroin. the government is shortly
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to start a consultation on pregabalin control. those who have seen the impact of it on the streets hoped a clamp—down will swiftly follow. after 10am, we'll hear more from linda and hayley nicholls, the mother and sister of lee rust who died from an overdose of drugs including heroin and pregabalin two years ago. we will bring you the sport and news inafew we will bring you the sport and news in a few moments. you back the becks bill. they are due to vote on the eu withdrawal bill late tonight. let's talk to norman smith. here is the brexit bill. this is blas off. this is the first of the big votes on the brexit bills. if you want the result, you will have to be a bit of a late night owl because we are not going
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to have the vote until midnight so it will be late, late before we get the result which means this is going back to the future, back totter ra of 19705 when there were mp5 packing in the bars to come out for late night vote, the walking wounded were dragged in to take part. it is like that all over again. here, you know, we will behaving late night pizzas and endless caffeine injections to 5tay and endless caffeine injections to stay awake! that's the era we're entering into because this is the first of many brexit bill5. in terms of the result, not expecting a huge 5urpri5e tonight because all the 5igns 5urpri5e tonight because all the signs are that tory mp5 are not going to rebel tonight and certainly listening to the brexit minister, robin walker this morning he was adamant that voting against the bill, which kind of brings all european law into british law, mr walker said voting against it would be tantamount to defying the will of the people as expressed in the referendum. i think we are very clear this that this bill is necessary. the powers will be
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scrutinised by parliament, but we have been very clear that there is discussion to be had with parliament about the way in which the bill works. that discussion should take place as it always does as the committee stage when you go through a bill line by line and look at the detail of that. what we are talking about second reading, should this bill go ahead? we think this is the only approach to ensure there is certainty and continuity as we exit the european union. so what are labour going to do? mr corbyn instrucked his mps to vote against the bill because his view is it gives far too much power to the government to do what they want because they can change a lot of these eu laws being brought into british law without having to consult parliament and labour think thatis consult parliament and labour think that is unacceptable. so, he has told his mps we still support brexit, but i want you to vote against this bill. have a listen to his shadow brexit ministerjenny chapman? that doesn't mean to say
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because you put the name withdrawal at the top of a bill and fill it with any rubbish we will support it. the tories will accuse us of being brexit betrayers and all that, but we have been very clear with the government about this. you don't need ministers to have sweeping powers to change primary legislation that theyjust don't like without any virtually no justification to do brexit. it's not needed. so, take those bits away and you've got something that the labour party could support. but it is notjust the government accu5ing labour of being so—called brexit betrayers. some in their party are deeply unhappy about the decision to oppose the legislation because they say the message that will go out to many labour voters who back brexit i5 will go out to many labour voters who back brexit is that the party is back tracking on brexit. so actually, we could see a bigger rebellion on the labour side tonight than on the tory side. there could
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be more labour mp5 defying jeremy corbyn than tory mp5 defying there5a may. one of those who said she is going to defy mr corbyn i5 may. one of those who said she is going to defy mr corbyn is the pa rty‘s going to defy mr corbyn is the party's former europe minister, caroline flint. the principle of this bill, this legislation, is to transfer eu law into uk law. whoever was in government would have to have such a bill, debated in parliament. i'm not giving unconditional support to this bill. i'm saying it should be amended, but i'm doing it in good faith that i understand that we have to have a bill like this taken through our parliament. now, i believe that is the best way ahead. i actually believe that it gives you a moral high ground to test the government and push the government to amend this bill, but by saying you want to kill it at birth, at the beginning of its passage through parliament, i think that sends out the wrong message about our attitude to the result in 2016 and how we wa nt to the result in 2016 and how we want to effectively ensure a smooth brexit. so, plenty of trouble and strive tonight. plenty to pick over in the morning. bear in mind this is only
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the beginning. we're going to get lots and lots of these late night votes of the last thing i thought, i don't know if you saw looking at robin walker the brexit minister, doe5 robin walker the brexit minister, does he remind you of anyone? i thought he looked like a young bill turnbull! i will have to go back and relook. it will be a long day and night because, maybe it is you brought in five bananas for energy! it's impressive, but that's what you need to keep going. five bananas to 5urvive need to keep going. five bananas to survive a brexit debate! cheers norman, thank you. after 10am, we will talk to nigel and sally. they are parent5 after 10am, we will talk to nigel and sally. they are parents and they have taken their six—year—old child out of their primary school because they're concerned, out of their primary school because they‘ re concerned, unhappy, concerned about the way the school handled another pupil's request to be recognised as trans gender. before that, the news and sport, before that, the weather. here is
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matt. there is a feel of autumn in the air. today, we start on a cool note. afairamount of air. today, we start on a cool note. a fair amount of showers around, but at least some of you had 5un5hine. this was the scene in northumberland and sunny spell5 will continue for many through the day. it is when the showers go through bringing hefty down purse and gusty wind5 with it. so it is a day of showers. the showers come with those particularly gusty wind5 showers come with those particularly gusty winds and they'll come with a rumble of thunder and hail too. fir5t rumble of thunder and hail too. first of all, the wind 5trength 5till first of all, the wind 5trength still at its strongest acro55 first of all, the wind 5trength still at its strongest across south wales and southern england. gusts of wind in excess of 40mph around the coa5t5 wind in excess of 40mph around the coasts and the hills. that could bring the odd branch down and it add5 bring the odd branch down and it adds to the chilly feel out there, especially as the showers go through. plenty of showers acro55 the south. some a5 through. plenty of showers acro55 the south. some as well through the eastern side of the pennine5 and towards lincoln5hire and rain in northern scotland, but for most, it's a case of the showers rattling acro55 it's a case of the showers rattling across the sky and the breeze. a bit of sunshine in between and it will boost the temperature a touch, but
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the sunshine i5 blotted out by the cloud and the thundery showers will go through with hail and it will feel cool. some of the driest 5pots will be in scotland. fewer showers for glasgow and edinburgh. tonight, the showers will continue acro55 we5tern areas. the blustery wind is with it u5. we5tern areas. the blustery wind is with it us. where it falls lighter, and where it is drier and clear, it will be on the cool side. temperatures in rural areas down to six or seven degrees in east anglia and the south east. compared to today, more 5un5hine around. mo5t places get off to a dry start for the morning commute. a few showers the morning commute. a few showers the west of scotland and northern ireland and western fringes of england and wales. the showers will develop more into the afternoon. pu5h further eastwards, but compared with today, fewer 5howers. lighter wind5. more 5un5hine around. it won't feel as chilly. you will notice though just behind me as we finish the afternoon a few mass of rain acro55 ireland the that's a deepening area of low pressure, developing at the moment. so its track 5till developing at the moment. so its track still open to a bit of a
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question mark, pushing acro55 track still open to a bit of a question mark, pushing across a central 5wathe of the uk. potentially northern ireland and northern england and north wales and the north midlands, we could see gale5 and maybe storm force wind5 around the coasts and the hills. it will lead to debris on the roads to start wednesday morning. there could bea start wednesday morning. there could be a bit of travel impact and there will be a lot of big puddle5 around too, but through the day, the wettest a nd too, but through the day, the wettest and the windiest weather get5 ot of the way. sun5hine wettest and the windiest weather get5 ot of the way. sunshine and showers follow in its wake. in the sunshine, not too bad. the wind will bea sunshine, not too bad. the wind will be a chilly one. temperatures only 12 or 13 celsius acro55 be a chilly one. temperatures only 12 or 13 celsius across the north and it gets colder 5till 12 or 13 celsius across the north and it gets colder still as we go into thursday as the winds go into a more northerly direction and other than heavy rain acro55 eastern parts of england, it is another story of 5un5hine of england, it is another story of sunshine and showers. bye. hello. it's monday, it's 10 o'clock, i'm victoria derbyshire, welcome to the programme. our top story today — devastation acro55 florida a5 hurricane irma continues to pound the state with wind5 of around 100 miles an hour. hurricane irma has spawned the5e waterspouts in the atlantic that
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make their way on shore. wind speeds are in excess of 90 miles an hour. here on the fourth floor balcony, they're are more like 100 miles an hour. we'll hear from some of those affected throughout the programme. plu5 — rare access with young paedophiles who tell us they will not abuse children. but is there enough support to stop people offending? there needs to be a way that they know they can get help, and it's going to be anonymous. if you had known that you could have got help anonymously, definitely, yeah. more of those interviews coming up and we'll get reaction from victims' groups too. and he's the world's biggest youtube 5tar. what? did heju5t say billions and millions? but pewdiepie has been forced to apologise — again — after being caught using a racist 5lur in one of his videos. rachel schofield is in the bbc new5room with a summary of the rest of the day's new5.
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at least three people are dead and millions have been left without power after hurricane irma hit mainland usa. on the west coast of florida, there have been deadly 5torm5, powerful winds and severe flooding — 4 million homes have been left without power. parts of miami are also under water. chip explained what weather service explained what florida has faced. violent, damaging wind gust5. torrential rainfall, but mo5t wind gust5. torrential rainfall, but most significantly, storm surge flooding. we are not sure of the extent of all of this, but as the weather improves today, our response community will begin assessment and recovery. chip casper there. the brexit secretary, david davis, has warned mp5 that voting against the european union withdrawal bill
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later today would amount to backing a "chaotic" exit from the eu. labour says it will oppose the bill, claiming it represents a "power grab" by mini5ters. mr davis said the british people "did not vote for confusion" in the referendum and urged mp5 to back the government's plans. after britain leaves the eu. some child protection charities have told this programme there isn't enough help for people who realise they are paedophiles, but who know child abuse is wrong and won't act on their desires. every year, around 58,000 children in the uk are estimated to be sexually abused. authorities are now trying to stop that abuse happening in the first place and want paedophiles to get in contact before they offend. details of apple iphones and other
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apparently forthcoming products have been leaked to two technology web5ite5. the company is expected to announce its latest models on tuesday. the information contains details of facial recognition technology that could be used to make purchases online, and images of new headphones and a watch. that's a summary of the latest bbc new5 — more at 10.30. let me read some comments for you. this is about the issue of the christian couple removing their six—year—old from primary school because of concern over the way they say the school has handled a transgender i55ue. jazz on twitter 5ay5, transgender i55ue. jazz on twitter says, this self—described christian couple profess to love everyone except, it seems, this one primary
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school child. another twitter says, horrified by nigel and sally rose's attitude, so ignorant and lacking in compa55ion. they will pass on this intolerance to their children. another says if children under 16 are not legally mature enough to have sex, how can they be mature enough to choose their sex? and paul says, why would any parent or school force adult gender issues on a six—year—old? he is too young to understand. a couple of people have asked why are giving airtime to this couple. it is in orderfor you to hear what they have to say, and then you can make your mind up. do get in touch with us throughout the morning — use the hashtag victoria live and if you text, you will be charged at the standard network rate. here's some sport now. it's been the best year of chris froome's career. after winning his fourth tour de france title injuly, yesterday he won the vuelta a espana, the tour of spain. there was less than a month between the races and he covered over 4,000 miles to complete the double. froome says he has a lot more to
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achieve. it's just froome says he has a lot more to achieve. it'sjust a dream to win two grand tours like this. i am still coming to terms with it. just an amazing feeling. i still have a lot to achieve in my career. i am not thinking of retiring, but it will be hard to top this. rafael nadal has won the us open for the third time, beating kevin anderson in straight sets overnight. he's nowjust three short of roger federer‘s all time record of 19 — the pair have won all the major titles this year! crystal palace manager frank de boer says he'll give the club 100%, but admits his future at the club is in other people's hands. palace have had the worst start to the season in premier league history after they were beaten 1—0 at burnley yesterday — they've now lost all four of their games and are yet to score
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a league goal. more in half an hour. a christian couple are threatening to sue their six—year—old son's school because another pupil sometimes comes to class as a boy and other times as a girl wearing a dress. nigel and sally rowe have withdrawn their son from his church of england primary school saying the authorities had acted without due regard to the best interests of pupils, had failed to consult other parents and had not respected their rights to bring up children with biblical values. two years previously, they'd taken his eight—year—old brother out of class when a pupil came out as transgender. let's talk to nigel and sally rowe, and with me is jane fae, a campaignerfor lgbt rights. what were your concerns? sorry? what
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we re what were your concerns? sorry? what were your concerns? our child came home from school one day saying, daddy, i am confused. there is a boy in his class who is sometimes coming asa in his class who is sometimes coming as a boy and sometimes coming as a girl. we were concerned about that because it's very confusing. how do children deal with that? these are primary school children, six years of age. we don't know the effect that can have on other children. what were you afraid of in terms of the effect on your son or the other children in the class? i think it was the advice that was given to the school which we feel was insufficient. firstly, the child who
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had gender confusion, it shouldn't be put in a public domain like a school to begin with. they need to be given proper care and have the proper advice from professionals. for the other children, the boy that they were once friends with with a boy's name, they now have to treat them and call them by a girl's name and change the pennines from heater she do i change the pronoun from he too chic and things like that. they get confused. what if they get it wrong? this is our concern. presumably, you don't know if this six—year—old who is coming in one day is a boy and the next day as a girl had had a professional
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assessments. in terms of the effect on your children and the others in the class, kids at that age are adaptable, aren't they? but they are also vulnerable. sorry, vulnerable to what? vulnerable to all sorts of things that go on in a classroom. like what? we need to protect them. from what? well, they know that this child is a boy, but they are being forced to pretend that they are a girl. that is hard for a child get their head around. i know other parents concerned that their child came back and happy, saying, my friend is different now and i am confused. they are just six—year—olds. it is a big thing, with more implications for the child
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in question and the children in terms of bullying, changing room issues, what happens when puberty kicks in? this needs to be discussed properly and policies need to be put in place to protect all children so that they are in a safe environment. iam that they are in a safe environment. i am still confused about what it is you wanted to protect your son and the others in his class from. well, emotional stress, confusion. that is what we are protecting the children from. a5 sally mentioned, a child can get chastised for addressing the child in the wrong way. did that happen? was anyone chastised for addressing a fellow pupil in the wrong way? not that we are aware of. but the letter that we received was
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very staunch, like, if you don't, thatis very staunch, like, if you don't, that is transferred with behaviour. and i think that is harsh. and you are now opening the door for six—year—olds to come dressed as different things, even. where do you draw the line? we need to think carefully about this, because it does have long term effects. it is like an experiment, let's see how it goes, when it needs to be done in a private domain. we are talking about six—year—olds here. adults can make their own decision and they are mature enough to decide about this. but these children, are the emotionally able to make a decision this great? it is important to understand that all the children are loved and valued. we do care. it is
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difficult for the parents of children suffering from gender dysphoria and that sort of thing. so we need an environment where they can be understood. it doesn't sound like you are being very understanding. we are. we love the families that are involved. there is no animosity. but on the other hand, if we are in a democratic society where all beliefs are listened to, we feel like we can't speak out. a lot of families are in the same situation. they would not feel comfortable with their child being in this situation. why can't they speak out? they are labelled transphobic or hateful, which is far from the case. we are compassionate and parents want the best for their
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children. have you met a chance children. have you met a chance child or a child that one day comes to school dressed as a boy and the next is a girl? yes. we know these children. there are two children here, the one who is now eight that changed to be a girl. he... we know the family and children personally. she. we treat them with respect, but there needs to be an open debate about this. we need to think about what is going on in schools and how we impose these things on young children. there needs to be a consultation process. it is wrong that the school suddenly comes in and says, this is how it is. the
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pa rents of and says, this is how it is. the parents of the school need to be consulted, and the church of england. there needs to be dialogue before suddenly expecting everybody to a cce pt before suddenly expecting everybody to accept the situation. let me bring injane fae, and lgbt activist, campaigner and transitioned in her 505. would you criticise sally and nigel? sally, what gender are your children? they are both boys. how do you know that? isn't that adult decision? because they have the again tales to show they are a boy... it is all about genitals, is it? no. how do you know? even from the scientific point of view, you can see the difference between male and females. their traits between
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males and females. a boy, when you go to any hospital and someone is born, they will lift it up and say "it's a boy." 0r, "it's a girl." born, they will lift it up and say "it's a boy." or, "it's a girl." for a trans child they can't possibly know until they are 18, but your children know at aged six, is that what it is? you are putting a totally different spin on this. what it is? you are putting a totally different spin on thism is an adult decision about gender. it is not our decision. if a child is confused. that's a mental confusion. i had this with victoria earlier. there does seem to be a bit of confusion. there are two children involved, isn't there? yes. one child is eight. the handled it very well and you get on with it, but you drpt them by calling him he and the other child has started and you are worried about bullying. you said
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you're worried about bullying? there could be cases of bullying, yeah. are you worried your children might bully this child? we have taught our child to respect and love others regardless of who they are and that's part of our christian values. you love your neighbour as yourself. just my own experience both with my own family and with children with trans children, is that the children bullied tend obthose children and they tend to be bullied because pa rents they tend to be bullied because pa re nts ta ke they tend to be bullied because parents take the sort of view that you take. very much when parents tell their child not to accept another child, their children go out and bully. well, that's wrong and very sad. our child had a sixth birthday party and he said he wanted to include all the class and he was even to include all the class and he was even made a thing on make sure you invite this particular child who sometimes dresses as a girl and sometimes dresses as a girl and sometimes dresses as a girl and sometimes dresses as a boy. he shows love and compassion and care to every child in his class and that's what we've brought him up to be and
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he is amazing. what i do know having spoken to the parents of the eight—year—old, which is not the child you are talking about, that child you are talking about, that child went to bed last night scared. they said they didn't feel safe because of what you're doing. ut can't get a voice on national tv, oh there, is national tv, can't get a voice on national tv, oh there, is nationaltv, isn't can't get a voice on national tv, oh there, is national tv, isn't it? this is a dialogue we don't want the child. if you don't want this dialogue that the child can hear? do you expect the children not to be watching victoria? our children... we haven't brought our children into this. this is not about, we care for the family so much. we truly love them and we care for the child. you see, it's not about that. we were concerned at the fact that there was no consultation and being able to work through all of this. we have no animosity whatsoever towards... work through all of this. we have no animosity whatsoever towards. .. can i ask, sorry to interrupt. if there had been a consultation, what would
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have been a good outcome for you, if there was a consultation? well, that's very hard to speculate, but i... iwould have that's very hard to speculate, but i... i would have liked to have seen it worked through with people who are experts in that field and understanding you know gender, you know, gender dysphoria. that may well have happened privaty. schools are supposed to do that. it wasn't. sorry. they said they were going to put it in place, but when it, it just came out. it was announced and they were like, "we will then go down that road of... " when you say work with experts in gender dysphoria, what do you mean? we have been givena dysphoria, what do you mean? we have been given a scientific port about this, about the whole gender dysphoria from christian concern to understand it. these are things
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which are apparently mental disorders and basically within the report i think when i read the fact that they said within such young children, four, five, six, seven, eight, it's not something that should be encouraged and supported because they are just far too young. i think there is a statistic... 9896. 98% of children who have this confusion about what gender they are, 90% of them, once they go through the natural form of puberty, they revert back. yes, i am a boy. i ama they revert back. yes, i am a boy. i am a girl. it's not a mental disorder. it's not a mental disorder. it's not a mental disorder. if you talk to for example the tavistock clinic which is an nhs clinic for under—18s in this country, for children, young teenagers, young adults, who have
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gender identity disorder, they will tell you it is not a mental disorder and they take... that's opinion... it is not a matter of opinion. it is a mental disorder. they are doctors of the nhs doctors. the report we have been reading. i guess it comes where the report comes from. the professor of this particular article you read stated the opposite. so i guess it is depending on who you listen to. let me read a couple of comments. this is from charles. he e—mailed to say, "i know it is really difficult to understand if you aren't trans, but when you are and your internal identity is at odds with what the world sees and tells you, it is incredibly painful. just being called a female name or a female pronoun was painful. yes, from as young as six. being told by your parents, school and society that you are not wrong just for being trans. learning the lessons
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young is life—saving for so many and has no adverse effect on anyone else." ok. kim says, "i have problems trying to understand what the couple are saying. i don't agree with what they have done, but they seem with what they have done, but they seem to be less understanding and accepting than any child. very un—christian like. nicola says, "it makes me cross. these are transferring their prejudice through the generations. it is disgraceful." carl swth i support the couple in withdrawing their child from the school." what withdrawing their child from the school. " what happens withdrawing their child from the school." what happens now in terms of your relationship with the school and certainly whether you want your younger son to go back there? well, since we sort of challenged the school on this and obviously the media hype and everything and certainly the headline saying about us certainly the headline saying about us suing the school, it is not, it is going to an educational tribunal,
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the hatred and the comments coming from people has been unbelievable. it has been so hurtful for us because we have been involved in the school, we do school assemblies and re really school, we do school assemblies and rereally do care and love everyone there, the parents, the staff, all there, the parents, the staff, all the children and that for me has been incredibly hurtful because it's not something we would ever do, treat others like that. it's a case we just want, we want, you know, we wanted a dialogue and we wanted the school to be able to communicate that more clearly, but the letter we received, we felt was just very staunch. we feel there needs to be more open dialogue. this isn'tjust about the school and our boys. this isa big, about the school and our boys. this is a big, big thing that is going into school, this gender ideology and it needs discussion and there are a lot of people who feel the same way as us, are a lot of people who feel the same way as us, but are scared to speak and they say we're hateful and trans phobic, but that's not the
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case at all. this is a child protection thing. this is protecting every child and everyone having been able to have a voice and a dialogue about this before it isjust pushed through. ok. i'm going to pause it there. thank you for your time and for giving us so much time. we appreciate it, thank you. a final thought from you. well, i'd love to have a dialogue. ijust say in church yesterday, the gospel was talking about the supreme commandment being loving your neighbour as yourself. what i am seeing here, if they didn't want this other child to feel unsafe, all they had to do was say, "no comment." i am seeing an extremist christian set as extremist in its own way as people like isis. this has got to stop. as hurricane irma conditions to reek havoc, we will be chat to go those caught up in the storm.
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this morning we've bought you two very rare interviews with young paedophiles who say they're determined not to abuse. not all paedophiles do abuse. support groups have told this programme that there isn't enough support for people before they offend. 58,000 children in the uk are estimated to be sexually abused each year so prevention is obviously key. we bought you our reporter cath burns full film an hour ago. here's a short extract. it contains some disturbing conversations which you may not want young children to hear. it lasts around three minutes by definition, the word paedophile means an adult who is sexually attracted to children. but not all of them go on to offend. so it isn't always another way of seeing child abuser. but can helping paedophiles stop children becoming abuse victims? two young men have agreed to be filmed. both in their early 205, both paedophiles, and both
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say they are determined to never abused children. we've agreed to protect their identities and their words are spoken for them. we've called one jake, and the other adam. i'm a paedophile. i was about 13 when i first became aware. at first i thought i was gay. i thought i was too young. i thought paedophiles were old men who abuse children. i did not think i was one of them. i was about 15 when i started to realise there was something different. have you ever abused a child? no, definitely not. i'm not going to hurt kidsjust for my own gratification. or for any reason, really. one current strand of thinking is that paedophilia is down to biology, that paedophile's brains are essentially wired differently. there is disagreement about the numbers, but estimates vary between 1% and 5% of men having some form of sexual
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interest in children. for some, its exclusive, others are mostly drawn to adults. it's a recognised mental disorder and it is something that people don't choose to have. from a child protection point of view, the more help that can be provided as early as possible, the better. some young paedophiles have told me they felt like ticking time bombs, worried they would end up abusing children. i thought maybe at some point in my life, maybe i would. not imminently. feeling like i was alone and having no one to talk about it and knowing there was no one to stop my mind from justifying things that we ren't really justifiable. good afternoon. stop it now helpline. the lucy faithfull foundation runs a confidential helpline talking to paedophiles and sex offenders with the sole aim of stopping children being abused. the government says work like this is vital. we need to do much more to make sure
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that services and more accessible to people who are struggling with their sexual thoughts and feelings, who have not committed a sexual offence and who want the support and guidance so they do not act upon those feelings. but still, professional help can be hard to come by. jake and adam rely on a kind of self help, online forums for anti—contact paedophiles. if i did begin to change a bit, they would probably push me back onto the right path. " if "if paedophiles don't get help and they go on to abuse this is the impact it will have." paul says "i was sexually abused for eight years. i'm 38 now and it has messed up my life. i cannot get over and it affects my thoughts badly." now we can speak to chris cloke, head of safeguarding at the nspcc, who were consulted
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during the making of that film. gabrielle shaw, chief executive of the national association for people abused in childhood. dr sarah goode from stop so, an organisation that aims to prevent sex offending through therapy. is there really such a thing as a non—offending, and the contact paedophile? yes. this seems to be something which is becoming increasingly evident. there is now an online group which has 900 members at the last count. and we have been contacted by 800 people in the last few years. the majority of them are not known to any authorities. half of them get in touch with us of their own volition, saying they are worried about the thoughts in their heads and they are
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looking for help so that they don't offend in future. some people out there are sceptical, and suggest that they wouldn't want their children in the room with a non—offending paedophile, and nor would i, if! non—offending paedophile, and nor would i, if i am honest. non—offending paedophile, and nor would i, if! am honest. well, there is understandable concern, but the reassurance comes because they are self—confessed paedophiles. they have admitted this horrific thing. i would be more concerned about the large numbers out there who do not come forward for help. my guess is that those numbers are far larger than these small numbers who come forward for help. we need to increase the numbers of people who have these thoughts about children reaching out so that they stop. we don't know the answer to your question. we need far more research into this issue. it is a new area of work and we need to understand it a
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lot better than we do. that is why it is important to provide support to young people who are having these feelings. and as a representative of the nspcc, you would say yes, we support the notion that there should be treatment for non—offending paedophiles? absolutely. but we also have to keep our focus on the victim 's. sexual abuse, however have to keep our focus on the victim 's. sexualabuse, however perpetrate it, can have devastating effects on the lives of the people who experienced it. so the nspcc is committed to saying that yes, we need to support people who are abusing other young people, but we also have to look at the needs of children. you can see why people might think, why should we spend money on therapy for people like this rather than the victim 's?|j agree with chris on that. children who are abused go up to become
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adults who suffer the consequences every day. we know that adults who are survivors of abuse are overrepresented in self harming, addiction issues, relationship intimacy issues etc. we also know that the support for adult survivors of abuse is woefully inadequate. i can't speak for all adult survivors of abuse, but we know that some people feel, where is the support for me? why are paedophiles could support when i can't? that is understandable. but it is still worth spending that money on therapy for anti—contact paedophile? exactly, to prevent the first offence from ever happening. we also need to be aware that about half of all paedophiles say that they realise their sexual attraction to children at around the age of 16. so we need to reach out to those young people. we need a wide approach.
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education in schools is important. in an age appropriate way, we need to provide effective sex education, relationship education. children face a loss of turmoil in their adolescence. they need help thinking that through. if you are having these feelings, it is important to talk to someone you trust who can advise you. people can always telephone childline. or get in touch with stop so. sarah, would therapy for a non—offending paedophile after the ongoing throughout that person's life, or do those desires diminish with therapy or get extinguished altogether? it depends on the individual. one of the strengths of stop so
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individual. one of the strengths of stop s0 is that every therapeutic intervention is different. it is bespoke for that person. some clients will say that they feel they we re clients will say that they feel they were born a paedophile. some will say it is linked to some kind of trauma in childhood. so it is about giving them an individualised response and helping them manage their urges. sometimes it is similar to controlling an addiction. so the a nswer to controlling an addiction. so the answer will depend on the individual. lee on facebook says, i can't sympathise, but if there is help available to try and rewire how they think, it should be provided. on facebook, ph says sexual feelings towards children will never be normal. if there are potential paedophiles out there who are aware that they need help, is that not a
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good thing to prevent children being abused? good thing to prevent children being abused ? if even good thing to prevent children being abused? if even one child has been spared a lifetime of hurt, it is surely worthwhile. let me pick up on that. we need to look at it in a holistic sense and treat it as a public health issue. not only is the support to prevent paedophiles from going on to offend essential, but support for the children who have been abused needs to fit together as well. it is all too easy to ask for more money and more resources. of course we would say that. but as a society, to recognise the scale of it, no one wants to think about this. it is horrible to think of children being abused, but we need to recognise that it happens more often than we are comfortable with and take appropriate action. thank you for coming in. if you have concerns about sexual abuse, you can contact the lucy faithfull foundation on 08081000 900. stop so can be contacted on 07473 299883.
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and you can receive links to help and support on the bbc action line page at bbc.co.uk/actionline. still to come, the rise in deaths linked to a prescription drug being bought by addicts on the black market. and he's the world's highest paid youtube star — and he used the n—word on his latest pewdiepie finds himself in the middle of controversy again. rachel schofield is in the bbc newsroom with a summary of the rest of the day's news. at least three people are dead and millions have been left without power after hurricane irma hit mainland usa. on the west coast of florida, there have been deadly storms, powerful winds and severe flooding — 4 million homes have been left without power. parts of miami are also under water. president trump says the state will get government help to rebuild.
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the brexit secretary, david davis, has warned mp5 that voting against the european union withdrawal bill later today would amount to backing a "chaotic" exit from the eu. labour says it will oppose the bill, claiming it represents a "power grab" by ministers. mr davis said the british people "did not vote for confusion" in the referendum and urged mp5 to back the government's plans. some child protection charities have told this programme there isn't enough help for people who realise they are paedophiles, but who know child abuse is wrong and won't act on their desires. every year, around 58,000 children in the uk are estimated to be sexually abused. authorities are now trying to stop that abuse happening in the first place and want paedophiles to get in contact before they offend. details of apple iphones and other apparently forthcoming products have been leaked to two technology websites. the company is expected to announce
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its latest models on tuesday. the information contains details of facial recognition technology that could be used to make purchases online, and images of new headphones and a watch. that's a summary of the latest bbc news. join me for bbc newsroom live at 11 o'clock. lee is back with the sport. these are our headlines this morning. chris froome has completed the rarest of cycling doubles, adding the vuelta a espana title to his tour de france victory this year. only two other men have won both races in the same season. he will now consider competing in the giro d'italia next may to try and complete the set of grand tours. rafael nadal is the us open champion for the third time after a straight sets win over kevin anderson in new york overnight. nadal is once again just three grand slam titles behind his great rival roger federer, who leads the way on 19. both men shared the four major titles this year. crystal palace manager frank deboer
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admits he "doesn't know" if he'll be given time to turn the club's form round. palace lost to burnley1—0 and have made the worst start in premier league history. four games in, they have no points and no goals. another football result from yesterday. newcastle beat swansea 1—0. more sport on bbc news at 1011. people living on florida's west coast are facing the danger of storm surges, powerful winds and heavy rain as hurricane irma continues to pound the state. the storm has weakened since it hit the florida keys yesterday, but forecasters say winds of around a hundred miles an hour are still likely. there's been widespread flooding, and officials are warning of surges along the coast that could reach 15 feet. miami was spared the full wrath of the storm as it turned westwards. the centre of the city was flooded and three cranes were brought down, although no one was hurt. there have already been reports of looting in some areas of miami
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with people seen running from shops with goods including tvs. as it continues to batter florida, the devastation it caused last week across the carribean is only now becoming clear. the british virgin islands are best known as a place rich holidaymakers go for gorgeous beaches — but for the past few days, they've become a place of death and destruction caused by the most powerful hurricane the islands have ever seen. tortola, the largest of the british virgin islands and home to a large number of expats, was amongst a raft of caribbean territories devastated by hurricane irma last week. at least five people have died. the government's response was criticised for being too slow in bringing vital aid to the territories' 23,000 residents. they responded by tripling the relief fund for the region to £32m. the bbc‘s laura bicker reports on the devastation in tortola. the british virgin islands look
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like they have been hit by the blast wave of a bomb. on the biggest island of tortola, houses have been ripped apart and contents scattered for miles. an over 20 foot wave surge crushed boats, beaching them among the rubble. arren glasgow was at home as irma hit. this section was my mum's room. the roof came off. then the bedroom came off. we went to the living room. the blast... we had all this boarded up. you've lost everything? everything. people talk about the winds that came through here as if they were alive, as if it had come from another world. five days after the hurricane struck, they are in desperate need of food, shelter and clean water. others are desperate to leave. the shock of seeing this terrifying
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force of nature is overwhelming. some are trying to fly home to relatives in the uk. the masson family made it to the shelter after neighbours with machetes hacked through debris to help them hike from their damaged home. we do not know when planes are going or if they are going. this morning was the first time we had any news at all of what was happening. residents have criticised the uk government's response to this crisis as pathetic and slow. there are also reports of looting across the island as many are desperate for basic supplies. there are large queues for food and for petrol. help has now arrived. the british military have brought aid and are already re—establishing order. they are working on a plan to try and restore power and water. one woman told me she wept with relief as she saw the plane land.
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hurricaine irma's trail of destruction is fast. yet, the caribbean spirit prevails. as our team walked the streets, so many people told us the same message — they are simply grateful to be alive. let's speak now to three residents who lost everything in the storm and have since been evacuated. dave westwood was evacuated to puerto rico with his family and is now in new york on his way back to the uk. clare chilton is currently in puerto rico after being evacuated on friday. her husband is still on tortola, helping with the relief effort, and claudia knight, who ran a school on the island, was back in the uk last week on holiday but her husband, who she hasn't heard from since thursday, remains on the islands. and from reading, geoffrey, whose daughter is still stuck on the island. tell us what happens when a category
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five storm passes over your house? it was horrific. we were informed that it was on its way, but predictions had it going slightly north full stuck with it being a category five, it passed straight over the top of us. it came in two halves. so we had the first half and then about an hour of respite. up to them, there was not too much damage. then we got the back end of it, where all the damage was caused. the roof was ripped off the house and our windows were broken. we managed to escape into one room and locked the door and went ourselves in. that is devastating enough, but the whole island looks like a bomb was dropped on it. like a war zone. some friends of ours, the lady is croatian. she lived through a war and she said this was worse. by the time she got
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around and looked around, everything was completely devastated. not a house left untouched. nothing was spared. boats were up on land, everything trashed. zblub how do you feel about what has happened to your home? devastated. we hadn't long moved here and we took ourfamily we hadn't long moved here and we took our family photos and our belongings with us and everything has been lost. absolutely everythingment our clothes, we just, we are trying to limp become to the uk as we speak. gosh. clare, hello. currently in puerto rico after being evacuated on friday. you, i think, made a make—shift shelter in your home where you stayed with your husband and children through the night. what was that like? oh, that was, well,ual' so glad that my husband did make the den for us. we made it a bit of fun for our childrenment we have two children of seven and three so we tried to make
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it as light hearted as possible, but they needed to listen to what mummy and daddy saidment in our wardrobe we had our bedding and then a mattress over the top of the wardrobe and throughout the actual, what the 12, 13 hours of the storm we had another mattress on top of our heads so you can imagine, it was quite tight, four people in there and thankfully the ipad kept us going for eight of those hours, but it was very scary. the noise, you're never it was very scary. the noise, you're never going to forget that noise and every time the kind of the surge came over, you would be pulling down on the mattress to keep it over your heads and the constant flopping noises of our roof being ripped off and just not knowing what was happening was terrifying. i had two caesarean births and i can say this isa caesarean births and i can say this is a lot worse than that. gosh. the way you have described that as pretty horrific. when you were able to emerge, that was left of your home? well, we woke up at 6 o'clock
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with our landlady knocking on the window because she was worried about it us. six o'clock the next morning we crawled out of outside den, i was just gobsmacked, absolutely gobsmacked at the devastation, the roof in our kitchen had come off, so there was water dripping through and there was water dripping through and the children's bedroom, the children's playroom, all wrecked and just absolute shock and then down looking outside and all the houses with their roofs off, our car with trees on top and the bonnet busted open and it was just amazing, amazing. i'm thankful that we were able to keep sheltered and keep the children sheltered as much as possible as well. claudia, you live there, but you were become in the uk when this hit. it must have been very difficult for you watching back home the destruction? yes, exactly. you feel a sense of relief that you
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are away from the situation especially i have a two—year—old child as well. but also a sense of guilt that you're not there with everyone guilt that you're not there with everyone that you know and love. it's a very difficult kind of feeling, yes. what does your husband, i mean he was able to call you from a stranger's phone to make contact and tell you he was ok. what did he tell you what happened to your home? the first contact, it was a phone call for a few seconds and simply was, "i'm alive. tortola isn't." and simply was, "i'm alive. tortola isn't. " and then simply was, "i'm alive. tortola isn't." and then that was it and the phone went dead and then i didn't hear from him until late last night. so, even though i knew he was alive, i was still, you know, hugely frantic, frightened for his safety because you don't know, you know, things are falling. things, you know, the things that are going on now because of the hurricane are just unfathomable and terrifying,
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terrifying. jeffrey, are you anxious about your daughter, amy, stuck on st martin? when is she going to be able to come home? that's a very good question. i wish i could answer it, but unfortunately, we can't. yes, we are very it, but unfortunately, we can't. yes, we are very concerned it, but unfortunately, we can't. yes, we are very concerned indeed. there is looting is widespread. the resort that is looking after the eu nationals that are there is threatening to close down because the number of robberies that are going on, there is also shooting in the streets. so, yes, we very concerned and the real issue that we haveis concerned and the real issue that we have is that there is no information. the americans, the dutch and the french have people on the ground, embassy staff helping their citizens, airlifting them out and have been for the last three days, there is no british representation whatsoever and whilst we have been told that the dutch would be flying out priority british cases, in fact the reality is that each of the dutch, the french and
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the americans are purely airlifting their own citizens. they are leaving behind the british, the germans, the italians, and it's extremely frustrating. there is very little water at the airport. there are just mineral bars being distributed. one a day which is, you know, it can't sustain anyone. very little shelter at the airport which means everyone is becoming badly sun burnt and really all they‘ re is becoming badly sun burnt and really all they're doing is they are sitting there hoping somebody will ta ke sitting there hoping somebody will take pity on them and it is a frightening situation for us and doubly so for my daughter. thank you, jeffrey. i wish you all the best and i hope amy gets back soon. claudia, thank you for coming on the programme and also clare and dave. incredible descriptions about what happened to their homes as that storm passed over their houses. the world's highest—paid youtube star, pewdiepie, has apologised after using the "n—word" during an online broadcast. the 27—year—old swede could be
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heard using the slur while he was playing a video game during a live streaming. for the uninitiated pewdiepie has 57 million subscribers on youtube — his videos — which mainly focus on gaming reviews — have been watched 16 billion times. i'm joined by our correspondent lisa hampele. 57 million people watch him on youtube. a lot are very young and there is concern over what he has been saying in the last year or so. let's hear a clip of him. what a bleep. jeez, oh, my god, what... bleep. sorry, but what bleep. what a bleep. i don't mean that in a bad way. he laughs. bleep. why would he do that? legit, why would he do that? we bleeped it out. you heard him
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say, "i don't mean that in a bad way. he used the n word while he was live streaming. he was playing a video game and then i caught himself and he apologised saying, "i didn't mean that in a bad way." there has been passed on this, in february some of his individual yous were found to contain nazi references or anti—semitic imagery and disney cut ties with him. the company said while he had a reap tation of being provocative and irreverent. some of the videos were inappropriate. in one he paid people to hold up a sign which said, "death to all dues." he said anti—semitic claims are insane and unfair. youtube cancelled the release of his new series and now we
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have this latest behavor. -- ib have this latest behavor. —— ib haveior. —— behaviour. used properly pregabalin — which is given to treat epilepsy and anxiety — is regarded as an effective and safe drug, but in the wrong hands it's potentially lethal. five years ago there were four deaths linked to the drug in england and wales. but following a surge on the black market last year there were 111. now we can speak to linda and hayley nicholls, the mother and sister of lee rust who died from an overdose of drugs including heroin and pregabalin two years ago. thank you for being on the programme. it is very nice to see you. i know lee had been prescribed this after a road accident and then after that he bought it on the black market, is that right linda? am i filming now? yes. yes, he was. well, it was for pain relief. right. and what effect did it have on him?m
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he had taken too much, he wasn't very good at all, very angry and then he was like very dopey. just not himself. and what kind of other things was he taking with it? alcohol. right. and what effect would that have? also codeine, wasn't it, op piates. was there anything you two could do? nothing. the only thing before i went to work i would leave him four pregabalins. if he took all four together, then he went without fort rest of the day. that's your way of trying to ration it. i had to hide it. you still managed to get it on the black market. hayley, why do you think he
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would take that as well as mixing it with the alcohol or the heroin or whatever it was. lee had a very addictive personality. so it had to be something, whether it was alcohol, heroin, codeine, he had to have something in his system. i don't know whether it was to give him a little buzz, but even when he was off of it, or on it even, he was a nice person. we're not here to dampen his name, do you know what i mean? we are just here to get out to others and to help others. but i mean he had gone through rehab, hayley and you were very close, weren't you? he had gone through rehab having been a drug addict for yea rs rehab having been a drug addict for years and you used to take him out after re ha b years and you used to take him out after rehab to try and keep him away from dealers, didn't you? yes, i did. there is a local place, it is like a nature reservoir. take him out and do positive things throwing stones in the water with my son, having good days out and going to
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the beach. he liked fishing, so we used to take my son fishing, but he must have still been under the influence of it. karen tyrell is an executive director at drug charity addaction. tell our viewers what the risks can be? basically it lowers your heart rate, lowers your blood pressure and lowers how quickly you breathe and that's what leads to risk of overdose and death. ok. so what is your advice to people watching? our advice would be if you are being prescribed it legitimately by your d you don't need worry. if you or someone you know are you don't need worry. if you or someone you know are using it and you are struggling with that, we would urge you to go and talk to your doctor or come along and talk to someone at a charity like ours and we can offer you guidance and support. how do they get in touch
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with you? if you go on our website, we have web chat advisors who are there who can chat to people immediately. karen, thank you. linda, hayley, final words from you. what is it you want to say about this particular drug? it is a dangerous, not nice drug, if they mix it with anything else and it is not nice to have that knock on the door in the early hours of the morning with the police to tell you your son has passed away. please seek help. there is help out there before it is too late. a viewer e—mailed to say, "my husband was prescribed pregabalin after his tour to afghanistan in 2011. he turned aggressive towards the children and me. he decided to leave our family in 2015. we received no help for this." sean says, "i have suffered from severe pain for over ten years and have been prescribed many medicines. i have been given
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pregabalin. i never any issues other thanit pregabalin. i never any issues other than it not having any real effect on my pain. of course i was taking in accordance with my doctor's instructions." thank you, linda, thank you hayley. on the programme tomorrow — as students prepare to go back to university we look at the problem of student gambling. thanks for watching today. we're back tomorrow at 9am. good morning. while nowhere near on the same scale as hurricane irma in florida, things are going to turn pretty windy for the uk over the next few days. some blustery showers and the strongest of the winds towards south—west wales and south—west england and but lots of showers. some of those heavy, perhaps thundery in places. a few bright spells, sunshine in between the showers, but it will be few and
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far between. it will feel cool and disappointing between the showers. temperatures at best maybe 13 or 14 celsius. but, typically about 15 celsius. but, typically about 15 celsius to 19 celsius where you get sunshine. through this evening and tonight, many of the showers clearing away, but more than coming into the western coasts. temperatures down about 10 or 11 celsius, but into tuesday, well, again, fairly unsettled. there will be showers around. not as many as today. good, sunny spells and top temperatures about 15 to 19 celsius. i will have more in half an hour's time. bye—bye. this is bbc news and these are the top stories developing at 11am. hurricane erma hits the west coast
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of florida, leaving at least three people dead and millions without power. i'm in downtown tampa and this is pretty much the height of hurricane irma. the eye isjust pretty much the height of hurricane irma. the eye is just to the east of us. rescue efforts are under way in cuba, hit by winds of up to 250 kilometres an hour. the un human rights chief warns myanmar‘s operation against rohingyan muslims is a textbook example of ethnic cleansing. here, the government warns mp5 that voting against the brexit bill later would amount to backing a chaotic exit from the eu. also in the next hour, a big drop in the cost
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