welcome to bbc news, broadcasting to viewers in north america and around the globe. our top stories: by air, land and sea — experts say the world's pollution crisis is linked to more than one in six deaths across the globe. disease and malnutrition threaten rohingya refugees as they flee myanmar. we've a special report from the border as 10,000 people pour into bangladesh in the last 2a hours. tears come to my eyes sometimes. so. . . it's dreadful. you just do what you can. barack 0bama gets back on the campaign trail and calls for an end to the politics of division. and californians go through the motions of a major earthquake and test their ability to survive. hello.

scientists are warning that one in six deaths worldwide are caused by pollution. that's three times more than those caused by aids, tuberculosis and malaria combined. in a report published in the medicaljournal the lancet, researchers say prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. they're calling on governments, particularly in the developing world to take action. as andrew plant reports, the vast majority of deaths are in countries like india and china, that are going through rapid industrialisation. particles in the air, built up and breathed in, and pollution in the water they can end up inside our bodies. exposure to man—made chemicals a factor in 9 million deaths in 2015, says a study, contributing to killer conditions like heart disease, strokes, and lung cancer. in this global study,

pollution was linked to one in every six deaths worldwide. and air pollution from our vehicles factories was the biggest killer, linked to more than 6 millionjust around the world in a single year. in some african countries, 25% of deaths were attributed to pollution, like niger, chad, and somalia. in india, the figure is also about a quarter. and in china, 20% — one in five — were linked to pollution. this time lapsed video showers pollution growing in beijing. the study in the lancet involved a0 researchers worldwide, taking a snapshot of global health in 2015. there are examples, such as bangkok, which is improving. china is flattening out. there are a lot more things to do in other areas,

but we do know how to solve the problems. they have been done time and time again. it is about bringing no solutions to bear. —— those solutions. chemicals in the air were the biggest killer, contaminated water and poor sanitation the second, a major cause of infectious disease. the researchers say air pollution is reaching a crisis point, worldwide, and said that those with existing heart and lung conditions, elderly people, and children are being hit the hardest. dr michael kleinman, a professor of environmental toxicology at the university of california, says the findings are unfortunate. i have been aware that the levels are killing people. the one in six number is astounding. but when looking at what we know about how air pollution works,

it is not, you know, it seems like the right — unfortunate finding, that air pollution is definitely contributing to illness and to deaths throughout the world. of course, we're talking about human costs, but there is an economic cost for those countries that are developing. how can those countries balance rapid industrialisation with caring for the environment? well, there are two things to keep in mind. first, there are costs associated with cleaning up the air. we, in developed countries — a lot of effort has gone into developing technology. that is now available. and so the developmental costs are reduced when you are trying

to adapt this for a developing nation. the other thing that i think is really important to keep in mind is that before people die, they get sick. when they are sick, they're not able to work properly, they're not able to be efficient, they can't take care of their homes, they can't take care of their children. and that is a tremendous cost to society. just briefly, it is interesting that some progress has been made with traditional forms of pollution, things like cooking, while modern pollution, i guess fossilfuels, is increasing. this is true, partially because populations are increasing. therefore, there is more need for various fuels for energy, for transportation, for producing goods. but our ability to use less polluting fuels is getting better. we've moved towards using more solar, more wind power,

and in the future, these are things that will help reduce a lot of the emissions. the charity unicef is warning that 12,000 rohingya children are fleeing the violence in myanmar for bangladesh every week. more than 500,000 rohingyas have arrived in bangladesh since august alone and now face food shortages and the threat of disease. clive myrie reports from the kutupalong refugee camp in bangladesh. you may find some of the images distressing. every breath is a struggle for mohammad ibrahim.

six months old and fighting pneumonia, he is terribly weak and malnourished. he has just a 50—50 chance of seeing out another day. a sense of sorrow hangs heavy in the air at this clinic in bangladesh. 80% of the patients are rohingya muslim refugees, and many are malnourished children, the weakest of the weak. the mother of an 18—month—old summed up the nightmare of so many rohingya women. translation: we had to run from our village, but we had so little to eat. then, when we managed to get food, i couldn't feed my child. she's so sick, but if god wishes it, she'll survive. working with the local staff here is ian cross, a former gp from leicester.

tears come to my eyes sometimes. it's dreadful. you just do what you can, you know? in a way i'm lucky that i'm a doctor. i've got my hands and my tools, i can help to make people better. if i wasn't able to do that i'd feel so frustrated and i'd feel even worse. but when you're hard at work, you can cope with it. it is a depressing truth in this crisis that close to 60% of the more than half a million rohingya muslims who've escaped myanmar are children and teenagers. and they've seen some terrible things, like this girl. she's called this refugee camp in bangladesh home for almost two weeks. her story of the night she had to flee myanmar is depressingly familiar. villages torched, and her mother dying in the flames. "they're killing all the muslims," she told me. "slaughtering innocent rohingyas.

"we have always been treated as lesser people in our own land. "now, they want to finish us off." but dangers lurk in exile, too. young women are vulnerable. and the chance of children falling into the hands of sexual predators or exploited for their labour is ever present. the families here have nothing. they are trying to survive on a daily basis. and some of them at some point might be tempted to give away one of their children for domestic work. you know, not going to school, sometimes sexual abuse. so, the risks are high. but there is light amidst all the gloom. children in the camps are getting vaccinated against cholera and other diseases. there's even a chance to watch cartoons. and youngsters are never allowed to feel ashamed of who they are. in this class, they're reciting

nursery rhymes from their homeland. 0utside one refugee camp we found by the side of the road this girl, who's nine, cradling her younger brother. too young to understand the bundle in her arms was severely malnourished, we alerted unicef and doctors are now treating them both. but some will never have the chance to return to myanmar. the day after we filmed mohammad, we were told he died. he was buried in a tiny grave before sundown. two former us presidents have made veiled criticisms of the trump presidency. fellow republican george w bush has condemned what he calls the "bullying and prejudice" in today's american public life. though mr bush didn't mention his successor by name, he said that civic values were forgotten. and speaking at a rally in virginia to support a democratic party

candidate for governor, president trump's predecessor barack 0bama took aim at what he described as the fear and bitterness that marked the 2016 presidential election campaign. and so the question, now, at a time when politics just seems so divided and so angry and so nasty, is whether — whether we can regain that spirit, whether we can support and embrace somebody who wants to bring people together. 0ur correspondent gary 0'donoghue is in richmond, virginia, where barack 0bama was speaking. he says that although president trump wasn't mentioned by name, it was clear who his predecessors were referencing. not so coded in the case of president bush, really, which is ironic, given that he is meant to be on the same side as donald trump. i mean, he really was very explicit, even though he did not name him, in the kinds of language he used,

really criticising notjust donald trump's style, but on immigration issues, on issues of trade, and on the nature of politics. president 0bama a lot more circumspect, because president 0bama doesn't want to get into a slanging match with donald trump. if he went head—on at it, that's exactly what would have happened. so he couched his criticism in the local politics of virginia. that's quite subtle. it might be too subtle for a lot of people. politics tends to be straightforward, to cut through. but he's back on the campaign trail for the first time. this is a race that is really the only competitive statewide race in the country in this year and there will be acres of ink spilt, analysing this race, in terms of what it means for the country, come november.

so that's why they are putting effort in here. that's why barack 0bama was here, because he knows the direction, the momentum, going into next year and into the mid—term elections will be important, and that will be infused with what happens here in virginia. yeah, i suppose what happens there is quite a test of the democrats, isn't it, gary? it is. i mean, hillary clinton, this was the only southern state she won in the general election. the democrats have had the governorship for the last two terms. so in a sense they ought to be ahead here, and they are by bit. so any gains by republicans, particularly in the governor's race, will be seen as a blow. but any sense in which they can open up the gap, if you like, with republicans, will be seen, i think, nationally, as a bit of a fillip to their cause. the problem of course democrats have, we saw this tonight, the most popular democrat in the country is barack 0bama.

he can't run again. the constitution won't let him. and so they're struggling to find that new generation of democrat leaders that are going to come along and inspire in the way that barack 0bama did. they haven't produced them yet. hillary clinton wasn't the answer, obviously, and they're still struggling to find those names to take on the mantle — the next generation to take on the mantle. the european council president donald tusk has said there's no space for the eu to get involved in mediation over catalonia, despite calling the situation concerning. mr tusk‘s remarks came hours after spain said it was beginning the process of imposing direct rule on the autonomous region. the bbc‘s tom burridge has more from barcelona. this is a landmark moment in spanish

politics because the idea of the spanish government stepping in and exerting control over a disobedience regional government is so controversial. i think officials will be working at least in private to consolidate support abroad. it's all -- to consolidate support abroad. it's all —— i'm also told by a source close to spain pies a minister that two main spanish parties are also well and truly onboard. but here's the thing. the spanish government can have all the support it likes abroad and in the rest of spain. it has plenty of backing general from the spanish public. the key test for any movie denounces this weekend and then implements over the coming days, weeks and even months will be how those actions actually go down with the public hearing catalonia. the spanish prime minister i think we'll move methodically, true to form. possibly slowly. and i think every step is government takes over the coming weeks will be backed up

with plenty of legal arguments. why? cause this is such a sensitive move and the spanish government is all too aware that any move it makes, be it for example possibly taking control of catalonia's regional police force, dismissing officials 01’ police force, dismissing officials or taking back specific powers, every m ove or taking back specific powers, every move has the potential to backfire. it could at least make the situation hearing catalonia, already very complicated and sensitive, even worse. the catalan authorities showed no sign of backing down, but the spanish government doesn't either and the spanish government simply says it is now exerting control back of the catalonia. it says it must act now to uphold spanish law and the spanish constitution in the face of unruly and disobedience action from the devolved administration in spain. stay with us on bbc news. still to come — actor tom hanks says the harvey weinstein scandal is a watershed moment for the film industry. a historic moment that

many of his victims have waited for for decades. the former dictator in the dock, older, slimmer and, as he sat down, obedient enough. dawn, and as the sun breaks through the piercing chill of night on the plain outside korem, it lights up a biblicalfamine, now, in the 20th century. the depressing conclusion — in argentina today, it is actually cheaper to paper your walls with money. we've had controversies in the past with great britain but as good friends, we have always found a good and lasting solution. concorde bows out in style after almost three decades in service. an aircraft that has enthralled its many admirers for so long taxis home one last time. this is bbc news.

the latest headlines: experts say the world's pollution crisis is linked to more than one in six deaths across the globe. the un says as many as 12,000 children are crossing into bangladesh every week as they flee the violence in myanmar. many desperately need medical help. police in los angeles have opened an investigation against harvey weinstein regarding sexual assault allegations that date back to 2013. it comes as the american director quentin tarantino has admitted knowing for decades about his alleged misconduct towards women. in a new york times interview, tarantino said he now felt ashamed that he did not take a stronger stand and stopped working with the disgraced producer. the 0scar—winning actor tom hanks says there's now no way weinstein

will ever be able to work in hollywood again. he was speaking to our arts editor, will gompertz in new york to mark the publication of his new book of short stories. will gompertz began by asking tom hanks if he was nervous about coming out as a writer before moving on in the interview to talk about hollywood. well, petrified, of course. i still can't believe that people have put my stories in a book and are going to try to make people pay in order to read them. it's astounding. all these, broadly speaking, are set in america. what was the picture you were trying to paint? america is a place of relentless ongoing chances. you don'tjust get second chances in the united states, you get third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh chances. you get to remake yourself in the united states. is there any chance

for harvey weinstein to come back? no. no, i think we're in a watershed moment. this is... this is a sea change. i think his last name will become a noun and verb. he'll become an identifying moniker for a state of being for which there is a before and an after. perhaps all men, myself included, should pipe down and not try to explain it and not try to comment on it. and certainly not to try to defend it. i was talking to a famous well—respected actress was a good friend of yours who said almost entirely the opposite. she said it's time for the man to stand up. and do some thing. well, i'm saying that first, we have to hearfrom

everybody, so that we understand how fast and how all—encompassing this was. that's a common economic at all have to change. talking about america, touching on donald trump. 0k! is he a character you would like to play? no! dear lord no! we have had also have governed us and brilliant people but sometimes the falls got more stuff done in the brilliant people. who is governing at the moment, a full or a brilliant? well, that's not so brilliant. —— let's not say. voters in japan head to the polls on sunday, for the snap election called last month by prime minister shinzo abe. he said he wants a fresh mandate to tackle a national crisis triggered by north korean belligerence. but some critics say he's just trying to take advantage of weaknesses among his rivals. mariko 0i reports. remember when japan was known

remember whenjapan was known for having a revolving door by ministers? well that was less than a decade ago. now, shinzo abe is the fifth longest serving leader in the country's history and he wants to clear mandate as he tries to change depend's pacifist constitution. a move that would probably make its asian neighbours nervous. he is betting that the timing of this snap election work in his favour. even though his approval ratings fell to less tha n though his approval ratings fell to less than 30% injuly, they are starting to recover. maybe voters wa nt starting to recover. maybe voters want a starting to recover. maybe voters wantafamiliar starting to recover. maybe voters want a familiar face starting to recover. maybe voters want a familiarface in starting to recover. maybe voters want a familiar face in power as north korea continues firing missiles overjapan. he is committed to good economic performance but it may just be to good economic performance but it mayjust be the case that the biggest opposition party, the democratic party, has had even more scandals than the ruling party and voters have no viable alternative. this woman could have become just that. tokyo governor yuriko koike,

formed a new party and merged it with the dp, even though their policies aren't even remotely similar. but if you're thinking japan could have its first female prime minister? not so fast. yuriko koike isn't running. she says she will remain the governor of tokyo, which means if her party wins, somebody else will become the next prime minister. and her popularity has been hit because voters feel that she is neglect of her actual job. which is getting the city ready to host the next 0lympics job. which is getting the city ready to host the next olympics in less than three years. in california, an annual drill to prepare for a massive earthquake has been taking place. the great shake0ut is designed to prepare the state for the potential damage a major quake would cause. and scientists say such an earthquake should already have happened. tim allman reports. california's worst nightmare. the big one.

but not quite. this, a simulation of the impact of the massive earthquake that everybody in the golden state is dreading. we survived! today we are simulating a 7.7 magnitude earthquake, which is a very significant quake. a quake like that would be very damaging to our infrastructure. we would lose power and water, and people would be on their own for a period of several days or longer. every year, the great shake0ut takes place — an earthquake drill designed to prepare the people of california for a potentially catastrophic event. schools, colleges, workplaces, people are told to drop, find cover, and hold on. the exercise we did today serves as an example that every single office, organisation, even households and schools, should have a team that is prepared, ready, and snaps to action after an earthquake happens, to go and assess their escape routes, to assemble outside and take

care of each other afterwards. california is no stranger to massive earthquakes. much of san francisco was destroyed in 1906 when an earthquake estimated at 7.8 on the richter scale shook the san andreas fault. fortunately, these injuries are fake. nobody has been hurt. the great shake0ut was a success. the preparation seems to work. but the experts insist the big one is coming, whether california likes it or not. you are watching bbc news. do stay with us. hello there. it was pretty grey

for many on thursday. wet weather as well. heavy showers and rain lasting through the evening and through the night. not great for driving. clisby be deeply a little sunshine. —— at least. there is a squeeze in the isobars around low pressure bringing heavy rain through thursday and overnight. some gales with this. this is storm brian, which was named during the day on thursday. that looks like the next set of autumnal gales. but for friday, it starts grey and gloomy. fog in northern ireland and york and further north. low cloud and hill fog with remnants of low pressure further south. but it is an improving as the day wears on. increasing amounts of dry and bright weather and even sunshine until late on. that is until this next area of low pressure comes in bringing rain to northern ireland, wales, and the south—west. and the strengthening wind. despite the fresh air, it will be pleasant due to the brightness in the afternoon. but a grey start. through the evening, rain rattling east on strengthening winds.

the game might be dry, west ham, brighton. the rain's not too far away though. it will rattle through quickly through the night due to storm brian. gales, severe gales, quite widely in southern and western areas. for some south—eastern areas, the first gales of the season. 40—50mph inland. 60, perhaps, locally, 70 around the coast. with the wet ground, that could bring down trees and disruption. very large waves indeed. that is because this storm coincides with spring tides as well. so, some dangerously large waves around the coast to be avoided. so, it does look like it will be a bit of a feature as it goes southern areas especially. strong and gusty winds further west, eventually getting into northern ireland and south—west scotland. as well as that, wet weather. ahead of that, despite the wind, dry and bright weather on saturday and in eastern areas. temperatures getting to about 16 degrees.

it will be the wettest weather in the way, especially with these showers. saturday night, low pressure pulling away. a westerly wind driving them east. another showery day going into sunday. again, eastern areas are best for brighter weather. clearly, there are warnings out. and do stay up—to—date with those warnings. they're on the website. this is bbc news. the headlines: scientists are warning that one in six deaths worldwide are caused by pollution. in a report published in the medicaljournal the lancet, researchers say prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to heart disease and lung cancer. they're calling on governments in the developing world to take action. the charity unicef is warning that 12,000 rohingya children are fleeing the violence in myanmar for bangladesh every week. more than half a million rohingyas have arrived in bangladesh

since august alone and now face food shortages and the threat of disease. barak 0bama has spoken at a rally in virginia to support a democratic party candidate for governor. mr 0bama took aim at what he described as the fear and bitterness that marked the 2016 presidential election campaign. now on bbc news, it's time for hardtalk.